scholarly journals Kepatuhan menelan obat, merokok dan resiko kegagalan konversi (BTA positif) pada pasien tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-589
Author(s):  
Mariawati Mariawati ◽  
Khoidar Amirus ◽  
Marliyana Marliyana
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Pulmonary Tb

Active smokers, treatment compliance and sputum smear conversion failed among patients treated for active tuberculosisBackground: One of the infectious diseases that often affects people is pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB). World data, there are 10.4 million recent cases of tuberculosis or 142 cases / 100,000 populations, with 480,000 cases of failed conversions. Indonesia is a country with the second largest number of recent cases in the world after India. With the success of treatment in Indonesia, it is low at 85%. Data from Lampang Province, the number of new patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is reaching 110 per 100,000 populations. Data in Central Lampung Regency found 954 cases out of 20,184 people suspected (4.73%). Data in Poncowati Public Health Center in Central Lampung in 2018, conversion failure rates were quite high at 16 people out of 42 people with pulmonary TB (38.1% ), and the success of the treatment is also still low, at 76.2% (target> 90%).Purpose: Knowing relation factors active smoker, treatment compliance with failed sputum smear conversion among patients treated for active tuberculosis.Method: A quantitative study with the design by observational analytic. The samples in this study were 42 pulmonary TB patients. Data analysis in this study used the chi-square test.Results: Most respondents smoke <10 cigarettes per day (not at risk), 22 (52.4%). Most respondents obey the ingestion of drugs, which are  28 (66.7%). There was a correlation between active smoking (p-value = 0.002 and OR = 11.762) and medication adherence (p-value = 0.002 and OR = 9,167) with conversion failure in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Conclusion: There were active smokers, treatment compliance, and sputum smear conversion failed among patients treated for active tuberculosis. It needs to further improve Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) support and the role of health workers in improving patient treatment compliance and motivation in quitting smoking.Keywords  : Active smoking; Medication adherence; Conversion failure; Active tuberculosisPendahuluan: Salah satu penyakit menular yang sering diderita masyarakat adalah Tuberculosis paru (TB paru). Data dunia, terdapat 10,4 juta kasus baru tuberkulosis atau 142 kasus/100.000 populasi, dengan 480.000 kasus gagal konversi. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah kasus baru terbanyak kedua di dunia setelah India. Dengan angka keberhasilan pengobatan di Indonesia rendah, yaitu 85%. Data Provinsi Lampung, jumlah pasien baru tuberculosis paru  yaitu mencapai 110 per 100.000 penduduk. Data di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah ditemukan sebanyak 954 kasus dari 20.184 orang suspek (4,73%).Data di Puskesmas Poncowati Lampung Tengah pada tahun 2018, angka kegagalan konversi cukup tinggi yaitu sebanyak 16 orang dari 42 orang penderita TB paru (38,1%), dan keberhasilan pengobatan juga masih rendah, yaitu 76,2% (target >90%). Tujuan: Diketahui hubungan para perokok aktif, kepatuhan menelan obat dan kegagalan konversi (BTA positif) pada pasien tuberculosis.Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, rancangan penelitian dengan analitik observasional. Sampel sejumlah 42 pasien TB paru. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Sebagian besar responden merokok <10 batang perhari (tidak berisiko) yaitu sebanyak 22 orang (52,4%).Sebagian besar responden patuh dalam menelan obat, yaitu sebanyak 28 orang (66,7%). Terdapat hubungan antara merokok aktif (p-value = 0,002 dan OR= 11,762) dan kepatuhan menelan obat  (p-value = 0,002 dan OR= 9,167) dengan kegagalan konversi pada pasien tuberculosis.Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan para perokok aktif, kepatuhan menelan obat dan kegagalan konversi (BTA positif) pada pasien tuberculosis. Perlu lebih ditingkatkannya dukungan PMO serta peran petugas kesehatan dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan berobat pasien dan motivasi dalam menghentikan kebiasaan merokok. 

scholarly journals Determinan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Christine Vita Gloria ◽  
Zulmeliza Rasyid ◽  
Sherly Vermita W ◽  
Elmia Kursani ◽  
Bizanti Umayyah
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis

This study aims to see whether the determinants are related to treatment compliance for pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the 2019 health center. This type of research is a quantitative observational cross-sectional design. The results showed that with a P value of 0.05, there was a significant relationship between knowledge (P value = 0.005 and POR = 14.276), attitudes (P value = 0.506 and POR = 1.615), family support (P value = 0.038 and POR = 1,961), the role of health workers (P values = 0.026 and POR = 4.440), with medication adherence for pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Conclusions, of the 4 variables there are 3 variables related to adherence to taking pulmonary TB drugs in the Work Area of the Siak Hulu II Health Center, namely knowledge, family support, and the role of health workers and 1 unrelated variable, attitude.   Keywords: Obedience, Medicine, Lung Tuberculosis

scholarly journals Complete sputum smear monitoring among adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in central Uganda: evidence from a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Adrawa ◽  
Stephen Okoboi ◽  
Alimah Komuhangi ◽  
Jonathan Izudi ◽  
Ronald Nsubuga
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Adjusted Risk

Abstract Background: People with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis require sputum smear monitoring at 2, 5, and 6 months to establish treatment outcomes. However, there is limited information about sputum smear monitoring in Uganda, similar to other developing countries. We examined factors associated with complete sputum smear monitoring among persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB aged ≥15 years in central Uganda.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and abstracted data for persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB initiated on treatment between January 2017 and December 2019 across 11 large TB units in Masaka district in central Uganda. Complete sputum smear monitoring was measured as the receipt of three sputum smear microscopy tests at 2, 5, and 6 months of TB treatment. The data were summarized descriptively and the differences in the outcome with independent variables were examined using tests of statistical significance. The factors independently associated with the outcome were established using the modified Poisson regression analysis with robust standard errors, reported as adjusted risk ratio (aRR) along with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 416 participants were enrolled, with a mean age of 37.3 ±12.9 years. Of the participants, 290 (69.7) were males, 269 (64.7) were rural residents, and 128 (30.8%) had complete sputum smear monitoring. Urban residence (aRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12-1.90), treatment under the community-based directly observed therapy short-course strategy (DOTS) (aRR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.25–2.92), and TB and human immunodeficiency virus (TB/HIV) comorbidity (aRR 0.45, 95% CI 0.30–0.68) were associated with complete sputum smear monitoring. Conclusions: We observed a low magnitude of complete sputum smear monitoring among persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB aged ≥15 years in central Uganda. Urban residence and treatment under community-based DOTS are associated with a higher likelihood of complete sputum smear monitoring while TB/HIV co-infection is associated with a lower likelihood of complete sputum smear monitoring. At rural health facilities, there is a need to develop strategies to enhance the performance of sputum smear monitoring. Additionally, TB/HIV collaboration and the implementation of community-based DOTS should be strengthened to increase the performance of sputum smear monitoring.

scholarly journals 794. Infectivity of Smear-Positive Pulmonary TB After 2 Weeks of Rifampicin-based Anti-Tuberculous Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S285-S286
Author(s):  
Faraj Alhowady ◽  
Nada Elmaki ◽  
Maisa Ali ◽  
Ahmad Husain ◽  
Muna Al-Maslamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Culture Conversion

Abstract Background Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading infectious causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most data showed that infectiousness of pulmonary TB diminishes rapidly after 2 weeks of effective anti-tuberculous therapy and the bacilli seen in the smear after 2 weeks are most likely nonviable. We aim to assess this hypothesis by doing sputum culture after 2 weeks of therapy to assess the viability of the bacilli in the smear. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients admitted to Communicable Disease Centre (CDC), Qatar with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis during the period November 2013–November 2014. We repeated sputum smear and culture after 2 weeks of rifampicin based regimen to assess the infectivity. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients was evaluated and compared with smear and culture conversion rate. Results Ninety-five cases were included in the study. All had sputum smear and culture after 2 weeks of supervised rifampicin based therapy (Table 1). Sputum culture at two weeks of treatment was positive in 91 cases (95.7%) and only four cases were culture negative after 2 weeks. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared with the culture status after 2 weeks, found Patient from Indian subcontinent and symptoms duration more than 1 month are less likely to clear infection after 2 weeks with P-value 0.01 and 0.009, respectively (Table 2). The calculated mean for sputum smear and culture conversion rate was 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. The presence of cough and the duration of symptoms were associated significantly with rapid sputum conversion (P &lt; 0.05); however, the presence of cavity on CXR had no statistical significant effect (Table 3). Conclusion Majority of our patients in the study have positive TB culture after two weeks of rifampicin based anti-tuberculosis therapy. So, discontinuation of the isolation after 2 weeks of treatment assuming that bacilli in the smear are nonviable may not be safe. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Nazmul Hoque Munna ◽  
Md Mohiuddin Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Imtiaj Mahbub
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Pulmonary Tb

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the one of the leading cause of death globally, more marked in developing countries like Bangladesh. The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is increasing globally fueled by obesity endemic. The study is designed to get an idea about prevalence and clinical impact of DM among pulmonary TB patients. Objective: The aim of the study is to find out the rate and effect of Diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary Tuberculosis. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in DOTS (directly observed therapy, short course) corner, outpatient department (OPD), Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka from July to December 2012. 125 patients of pulmonary Tuberculosis were included in this study as case. 125 age and sex matched controls who were not suffering from pulmonary Tuberculosis were taken from the attendant of the patients who had given the consent. Prevalence and clinical impact of diabetes mellitus was sort out in both case and control group and compared with each other. Results: The study shows the prevalence of DM among pulmonary TB patients is 26.4% and among normal population (non TB patients) is 20.8%. The relative risk (odds ratio) of DM among pulmonary TB patients is 1.27 times more than non TB person with p-value - 0.02, which is significant. In symptoms analysis, diabetic patients have got more haemoptysis (45%), in contrast to non-diabetic group (13%), with p-value-0.001. In non-diabetic patients Fever are more common, 88% in contrast to diabetic group 57%, p-value-0.001. Sputum positivity is more common (69%) among diabetic pulmonary TB patients than non diabetic pulmonary TB patients (58%). On chest X ray findings this study reveals that pulmonary TB patient with DM having cavitary lesion is 33% while it is only 9.76% in non-diabetic persons. Conclusion: This study found that there was greater prevalence of DM among pulmonary TB patients (26.4%) than non pulmonary TB persons (20.4%). This findings provides the information that health care provider should intensively search presence of DM in pulmonary TB patients. TAJ 2019; 32(1): 46-53

scholarly journals Monitoring Of Side Effects Of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (ATD) On The Intensive Phase Treatment Of Pulmonary TB Patients In Makassar

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Akhmadi Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Side effects of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (ATD) is a problem in the treatment of TB patients. The severity of the side effects experienced by patients will have an impact on treatment compliance and loss to follow-up rate. This study aimed to obtain information about ATD side effects experienced by pulmonary TB patients during the intensive phase treatment in Makassar. This type of research was observational descriptive with the time series design. The number of samples in this study were 58 people. The results showed that the percentage of patients who experienced ATD side effects during the intensive phase of treatment is the first week of 96.6%, 91.4% the second week, third week of 86.2%, 74.1% fourth week, the fifth week 74.1% , the sixth week 81%, the seventh week of 75.9% and 67.2% eighth week. The percentage of patients based on the type of side effects experienced is 81% joint pain, nausea 79.3%, 77.6% itching, loss of appetite 75.9%, 67.2% dizziness, tingling 50%, vomiting 41.4%, 34.5% abdominal pain, visual disturbances 27.6%, headache 24.1% and 6.9% hearing loss. This study showed that patients experienced ATD side effects every week during the intensive phase treatment. More side effects experienced during the first and the second weeks and tend to decrease until the end of the intensive phase. The main type of side effects experienced by TB patients are joint pain. Health workers should always conduct routine monitoring of ATD side effects experienced by TB patients in order to improve patient treatment compliance and prevent them from loss to follow-up of treatment. Keywords: Monitoring, Side effects, ATD, TB, Intensive phase

scholarly journals PENGARUH DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PADA PENDERITA TB PARU DI PUSKESMAS KAMPUNG BARU MEDAN TAHUN 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Tinah Tinah ◽  
Cecep Triwibowo
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
P Value ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb

Current uncontrolled air pollution has an adverse effect on health, one of which is respiratory infections. Respiratory tract infection is an infectious disease that is troubling the public, one of which is pulmonary tuberculosis.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of family support on adherence to taking medication for pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the Puskesmas Kampung Baru Medan in 2016. This type of research is an analytic type with a cross-sectional design and accidental sampling technique. The number of samples is 41 respondents. The instrument used was a questionnaire sheet.The results of this study indicate that using the chi square statistical test was carried out to determine the effect of family support on medication adherence in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. For instrumental support, p value = 0.095, where p> 0.05. This shows statistically that there is no effect of instrumental support on compliance with pulmonary TB patients. On informational support, it was obtained p value = 0.095 where p> 0.05. This shows statistically that there is no effect of informational support on compliance with pulmonary TB patients. On the support of the assessment obtained p value = 0.00 where p <0.05. This shows statistically that there is an effect of assessment support on compliance with pulmonary TB patients. On emotional support obtained p value = 0.00 where p <0.05. This shows statistically that there is an effect of emotional support on compliance with pulmonary TB patients.This study can be concluded that the effect of family support affects medication adherence. It is recommended for families to increase family support in terms of providing facilities, information, encouragement or motivation, and giving appreciation to patients with pulmonary tuberculosis so that the effect of family support on medication compliance can be fulfilled. Keywords: Family support, Compliance   Polusi udara yang tidak terkendalikan saat ini, menimbulkan efek buruk pada kesehatan, dimana salah satu dampaknya adalah infeksi saluran pernapasan. Infeksi saluran pernapasan merupakan penyakit menular yang meresahkan masyarakat, salah satu diantaranya adalah tuberkulosis paru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Penderita TB Paru di wilayah Puskesmas Kampung Baru Medan pada tahun 2016. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis analitik dengan desain crossectional dan teknik sampling accidental sampling. Jumlah sampel 41 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan Uji statistik chi square dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap kepatuhan minum obat pada penderita TB Paru. Pada dukungan instrumental didapat p value=0.095 dimana p>0.05. hal ini menunjukkan secara statistik bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh dukungan instrumental dengan kepatuhan penderita TB Paru. Pada dukungan informasional didapat p value=0.095 dimana p>0.05. hal ini menunjukkan secara statistik bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh dukungan informasional dengan kepatuhan penderita TB Paru. Pada dukungan penilaian didapat p value=0.00 dimana p<0.05. hal ini menunjukkan secara statistik bahwa terdapat pengaruh dukungan penilaian dengan kepatuhan penderita TB Paru. Pada dukungan emosional didapat p value=0.00 dimana p<0.05. hal ini menunjukkan secara statistik bahwa terdapat pengaruh dukungan emosional dengan kepatuhan penderita TB Paru. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa pengaruh dukungan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan minum obat. Disarankan kepada keluarga untuk meningkatkan dukungan keluarga dalam hal pemberian fasilitas, informasi, dorongan atau motivasi, dan pemberian penghargaan terhadap penderita TB Paru agar pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap kepatuhan minum obat dapat terpenuhi.  Kata Kunci: Dukungan keluarga, Kepatuhan

scholarly journals Synergistic effect of genetic polymorphisms in TLR6 and TLR10 genes on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in a Moldavian population

2021 ◽  
pp. 175342592110299
Author(s):  
Alexander Varzari ◽  
Igor V. Deyneko ◽  
Elena Tudor ◽  
Harald Grallert ◽  
Thomas Illig
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
The Republic

Polymorphisms in genes that control immune function and regulation may influence susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In this study, 14 polymorphisms in 12 key genes involved in the immune response ( VDR, MR1, TLR1, TLR2, TLR10, SLC11A1, IL1B, IL10, IFNG, TNF, IRAK1, and FOXP3) were tested for their association with pulmonary TB in 271 patients with TB and 251 community-matched controls from the Republic of Moldova. In addition, gene–gene interactions involved in TB susceptibility were analyzed for a total of 43 genetic loci. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed a nominal association between TNF rs1800629 and pulmonary TB (Fisher exact test P = 0.01843). In the pairwise interaction analysis, the combination of the genotypes TLR6 rs5743810 GA and TLR10 rs11096957 GT was significantly associated with an increased genetic risk of pulmonary TB (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.62–3.85; Fisher exact test P value = 1.5 × 10−5, significant after Bonferroni correction). In conclusion, the TLR6 rs5743810 and TLR10 rs11096957 two-locus interaction confers a significantly higher risk for pulmonary TB; due to its high frequency in the population, this SNP combination may serve as a novel biomarker for predicting TB susceptibility.

scholarly journals Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination status in TB-exposed children

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Fadilah Harahap ◽  
Ridwan M. Daulay ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection is highly prevalent in Indonesia. The source of transmission of TB to a child is usually via an adult with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The Mantoux test is a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis infection. The BCG vaccine has been used for the prevention of TB, but its efficacy is still debated. Objective To assess for an association between Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination in children who had contact with adult pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess for differences in Mantoux test induration with regards to nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and time duration since BCG vaccination in BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in FebruaryMarch 2011 on infants and children (aged 3 months to five years), who had household contact with adult pulmonary TB. We performed tuberculin (Mantoux) skin tests to detect TB infection in the children. Subjects were consisted of two groups: BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated. Results Subjects were 100 children (50 BCG-vaccinated and 50 BCG-unvaccinated subjects). Positive Mantoux test results were observed in 9 vaccinated subjects and 33 unvaccinated subjects. The mean diameters of induration in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were 7.6 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively (95%CI of difference -4.25 to 0.20; P=0.074). In children who had household contact with sputum smear-positive adult pulmonary TB, BCG vaccination was a protective factor against TB infection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.113 (95%CI 0.045 to 0.286; P=0.0001). There were no significant differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and duration since BCG vaccination, between the two groups. Conclusion BCG vaccination has a protective effect on TBexposed children, based on Mantoux test results. However, there are no differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, or duration since BCG vaccination, between the BCG-vaccinated and BCGunvaccinated groups.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Status and Coinfection of Pulmonary Fungal Infections in Patients Referred to Reference Laboratory of Health Centers Ghaemshahr City during 2007-2017

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari Amiri ◽  
Rora Siami ◽  
Azad Khaledi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections ◽  
Student’S T

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the most important health concerns. Pulmonary fungal infections have clinical and radiological characteristics similar to tuberculosis which may be easily misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. This study aimed to evaluate tuberculosis (TB) status and coinfection of TB with pulmonary fungal infections in patients referred to reference laboratory of health centers Ghaemshahr city during 2007-2017.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted during eleven years, between 2007 2017, on 3577 patients with suspected TB referred to health centers of Ghaemshahr City. For isolation, sputum smear preparation and Ziehl-Neelson staining in companying with microscopy direct observation and KOH 10% + white Calcofluor staining was used. The culture of fungi was performed on Sabouraud Dextrose agar, Czapek and chrome agar media. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) through Student's t-test, Fisher test, and Odds Ratio. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Of 3577 patients, 10731 smears were prepared, 3.6% (n=130) of patients were identified as smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 86.4% (n=3090) were smear negative and 10% (n=357) drug-resistant TB. The mean age of patients was 48±1.8 years. With increasing age, the prevalence of TB has increased which was statistically significant (P value <0.05). Prevalence of tuberculosis in the age group over than 57 years in males and females had an ascending trend. Amongst the positive tuberculosis patients, 16/130 cases (12.3%) had the coinfection of TB with fungi microorganisms.CONCLUSION: Our findings showed the coinfection of fungi agents in patients with tuberculosis that should be considered. 

scholarly journals Radiological Findings of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with and Without HIV Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhiana binti Hassan ◽  
Haziq Hussaini bin Fauzi ◽  
Kamil Irsyad bin Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Faizol bin Mohd Satar ◽  
Hafizah bt Pasi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Radiological Manifestation ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Radiological manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV positive patients is different with HIV negative patients. We aim to determine the differences in chest radiological findings of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among HIV and non-HIV infected patients in HTAA. Materials and method: A retrospective study was conducted in Chest Clinic, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan Pahang. There were 101 chest radiographs with sputum smear-positive retrieved and reviewed. Socio-demographic status and chest radiographs findings were documented and analyzed. Results: Of the 101 patients, 12 patients were HIV positive. Of the 89 HIV negative patients, 96% had consolidation change on chest radiograph, in contrast with HIV positive patients, only 4% among them had this appearance and this is statistically significant (p value less than 0.05). Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is significantly higher (17%) in HIV positive patients compared to HIV negative patients (1%). Normal chest radiographs were more common in HIV positive patients (33%) as compared to HIV negative patients (2%). Conclusion: HIV positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis exhibit different radiological manifestation on chest radiograph when compared to HIV negative patients.

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