Tracing the historical and ideological roots of services for people with intellectual disabilities in Austria

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Gertraud Kremsner ◽  
Oliver Koenig ◽  
Tobias Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
System Of Care ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Institutional System

This chapter begins with an exploration of the production and development of eugenic discourses, explicitly adopted by institutions at the beginning of the 20th century and subsequently reaching their height during the Nazi regime, Though officially condemned, these discourses continued to influence service provision after 1945, when most people with intellectual disabilities who did not live with their families had to live in psychiatric hospitals or large Christian or state-run institutions. Parent-led organisations, developing from the mid-1960s, led to the first significant change in quality of services for persons with intellectual disabilities. In the late 1970s, the adoption of new ideas of normalisation and integration led to the implementation of de-institutionalisation programmes. These however left some large institutional settings untouched and, despite several policy changes and efforts to create a more personalised system of care since the 2000s, the institutional system of service provision continues to cause serious problems, and eugenic discourses and practices endure.

scholarly journals A systematic review and synthesis of outcome domains for use within forensic services for people with intellectual disabilities

BJPsych Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Morrissey ◽  
Peter E. Langdon ◽  
Nicole Geach ◽  
Verity Chester ◽  
Michael Ferriter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

BackgroundThere is limited empirical information on service-level outcome domains and indicators for the large number of people with intellectual disabilities being treated in forensic psychiatric hospitals.AimsThis study identified and developed the domains that should be used to measure treatment outcomes for this population.MethodA systematic review of the literature highlighted 60 studies which met eligibility criteria; they were synthesised using content analysis. The findings were refined within a consultation and consensus exercises with carers, patients and experts.ResultsThe final framework encompassed three apriorisuperordinate domains: (a) effectiveness, (b) patient safety and (c) patient and carer experience. Within each of these, further sub-domains emerged from our systematic review and consultation exercises. These included severity of clinical symptoms, offending behaviours, reactive and restrictive interventions, quality of life and patient satisfaction.ConclusionsTo index recovery, services need to measure treatment outcomes using this framework.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Outcome Domains for use Within Forensic Services for People with Intellectual Disabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S152-S152
Author(s):  
R. Alexander ◽  
V. Chester ◽  
P. Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Offending Behavior ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

AimsIn response to the Winterbourne scandal, and the large number of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and offending behavior being treated in psychiatric hospitals, this study identified the domains that should be used to measure treatment outcomes of this group.MethodsA systematic search of relevant databases was undertaken to identify domains. Sixty studies met the eligibility criteria, and findings were synthesized using content analysis. The findings were refined within a consultation and consensus exercises with carers, service users, and experts.ResultsThe final framework encompassed three a priori super-ordinate domains (a) effectiveness, (b) patient safety, and (c) patient and carer experience. Within each of these, further sub-domains emerged from our systematic review and consultation exercises. These included severity of clinical symptoms, offending behaviors, reactive and restrictive interventions, quality of life and patient satisfaction.ConclusionsTo index recovery, services need to measure outcome using this framework.

scholarly journals Resilience and professional quality of life in staff working with people with intellectual disabilities and offending behavior in community based and institutional settings

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Søndenaa ◽  
Christian Lauvrud ◽  
Marita Sandvik ◽  
Kåre Nonstad ◽  
Richard Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Professional Quality Of Life ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Professional Quality ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

Staff in forensic services for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are expected to deal with a wide range of emotional challenges when providing care. The potential impact of this demanding work has not been systematically explored previously. This article explores the professional quality of life (QoL) and the resilience (hardiness) of the staff in this setting. The Professional QoL questionnaire and the Disposional Resilience Scale were completed by staff (n=85, 80% response rate) in the Norwegian forensic service for ID offenders. Responses from staff working in institutional settings were compared to those from staff in local community services. Staff in the local community services had higher resilience scores compared to the staff in the institutional setting, (t=2.19; P<0.05). However in the other QoL and resilience domains there were no differences between the staff in the two settings. The greater sense of resilient control among community staff may be a function of both the number of service users they work with and the institutional demands they face. Even though these participants worked with relatively high risk clients, they did not report significantly impaired quality of life compared to other occupations.

Counselling Support for People with Intellectual Disabilities: The Use of Narrative Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Wark
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Narrative Therapy ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Grief And Loss ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disability ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

This article uses a descriptive case study design to examine the potential of narrative therapy as a direct intervention for adults with moderate-to-severe intellectual disabilities, autism and/or severe communication limitations. Archival clinical data on four individuals who received a form of social constructionist narrative therapy are examined for goal attainment. The data were analysed qualitatively with specific input from individuals, their families and carers. Findings indicate improvements in quality of life through reductions in situational and environmental anxieties, and in coping with grief and loss. The results suggest that narrative therapy techniques can be beneficial in assisting individuals with severe intellectual disability to achieve meaningful and persistent improvements in their life.

Views of family carers to the future accommodation and support needs of their relatives with intellectual disabilities

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy McConkey ◽  
Jayne McConaghie ◽  
Owen Barr ◽  
Paul Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Supported Accommodation ◽  
The Family ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

AbstractObjectives: The demand for places in supported accommodation is likely to rise due to the increasing longevity of people with intellectual disabilities and as their parents become unavailable or unable to care for them. However few attempts have been made to ascertain carer's views on alternative accommodation.Method: Four studies were undertaken in Northern Ireland to ascertain carer's views using three different methods. In all, 387 carers participated with the response being greatest for individual interviews conducted in the family home and least for self-completed questionnaires and attendance at group meetings.Results: The majority of carers envisaged the person continuing to be cared for within the family. The most commonly chosen out-of-home provision was in residential or nursing homes, living with support in a house of their own and in homes for small groups of people. Few carers chose living with another family. However only small numbers of carers envisaged alternative provision being needed in the next two years and few had made any plans for alternative living arrangements.Conclusions: The implications for service planning are noted, primarily the need for individual reviews of future needs through person-centred planning; improved information to carers about various residential options and their differential benefits, along with more services aimed at improving the quality of life of people living with family carers. These need to be underpinned by a commitment of statutory agencies to partnership working with family carers. The implications for mental health services are noted.

On the Use of Speech Technologies to Achieve Inclusive Education for People with Intellectual Disabilities

2013 ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
Ana Pérez Pérez ◽  
Zoraida Callejas Carrión ◽  
Ramón López-Cózar Delgado ◽  
David Griol Barres
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Integration ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders

New technologies have demonstrated a great potential to improve the social, labour, and educational integration of people with special needs. That is why there is a special interest of academia and industry to develop tools to assist this people, improving their autonomy and quality of life. Usually, intellectual disabilities are linked with speech and language disorders. In this chapter, the authors present a review on the efforts directed towards designing and developing speech technologies adapted to people with intellectual disabilities. Also, they describe the work they have conducted to study how to gather speech resources, which can be used to build speech-based systems that help them to communicate more effectively.

Catering for Personal Autonomy with E-Mentoring Supported by Recommendations

2011 ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Santos ◽  
Carmen Barrera ◽  
Emanuela Mazzone ◽  
Jesus Boticario
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Work Integration ◽  
Technology Solution

This chapter presents a technology solution based on a recommender system supporting people with intellectual disabilities in their work integration and independent life, in the scope of the CISVI and AMI4Inclusicion research projects. Information and Communication Technologies are essential for supporting personal autonomy and improving the quality of life of disabled people. The technology can contribute in a twofold way: (1) facilitating the work of the human mentor when training people with intellectual disabilities and (2) automatically offering them advice and recommendations in response to certain cues/actions detected in the environment.

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