Data Stories

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Rob Kitchin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Generate Process ◽  
Technical Systems

This chapter provides an overview of the sociality of data. Data-driven endeavours are not simply technical systems, but are socio-technical systems. That is, they are as much a result of human values, desires, and social relations as they are scientific principles and technologies. The sociality of data is also evident with respect to how we have come to live with data. The data revolution has been transforming work and the economy, the nature of consumption, the management and governance of society, how we communicate and interact with media and each other, and forms of play and leisure. Indeed, our lives are saturated with digital devices and services that generate, process, and share vast quantities of data. This book reveals the myriad, complex, contested ways in which data are produced and circulated, as well as the consequences of living in a data-driven world.

Data Lives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Kitchin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Digital Ethics ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Generate Process ◽  
The Many

How can we begin to grasp the scope and scale of our new data-rich world, and can we truly comprehend what is at stake? This book explores the intricacies of data creation and charts how data-driven technologies have become essential to how society, government and the economy work. Creatively blending scholarly analysis, biography and fiction, the book demonstrates how data are shaped by social and political forces, and the extent to which they influence our daily lives. The book begins with an overview of the sociality of data. Data-driven endeavours are as much a result of human values, desires, and social relations as they are scientific principles and technologies. The data revolution has been transforming work and the economy, the nature of consumption, the management and governance of society, how we communicate and interact with media and each other, and forms of play and leisure. Indeed, our lives are saturated with digital devices and services that generate, process, and share vast quantities of data. The book reveals the many, complex, contested ways in which data are produced and circulated, as well as the consequences of living in a data-driven world. The book concludes with an exploration as to what kind of data future we want to create and strategies for realizing our visions. It highlights the need to enact 'a digital ethics of care', and to claim and assert 'data sovereignty'. Ultimately, the book reveals our data world to be one of potential danger, but also of hope.

scholarly journals Creating virtual communities of practice for learning technology in higher education: a response by the author

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Network Development ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Virtual Communities Of Practice ◽  
Motivation To Participate

Cathy Gunn’s response to the paper was highly gratifying and raises a set of interesting points that I welcome the opportunity to explore more deeply. There were many considerations too complex to address in the paper and we accept the danger of oversimplification. Our summary of the RESULTs Network development was effectively a first attempt to match human values and behaviours to technical systems. Gunn suggests that a key element missing from our scenario is in having ‘a compelling reason for users to access the resources and participate in the communities provided’. The factors at play in terms of ‘motivation to participate’ were extensively researched in the user participation study. A full reading is available in Beetham (2001). Nevertheless, there remains an important question about the process of adoption and participation. I would like therefore to take up the challenge of considering further the idea that communities of practice must ‘evolve’ and cannot be ‘created’.DOI: 10.1080/0968776042000211566

scholarly journals Special issue: Informatics & data-driven medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 6430-6433
Author(s):  
Ivan Izonin ◽  
◽  
Nataliya Shakhovska
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Medicine Today

<abstract> <p>The current state of the development of Medicine today is changing dramatically. Previously, data of the patient's health were collected only during a visit to the clinic. These were small chunks of information obtained from observations or experimental studies by clinicians, and were recorded on paper or in small electronic files. The advances in computer power development, hardware and software tools and consequently design an emergence of miniature smart devices for various purposes (flexible electronic devices, medical tattoos, stick-on sensors, biochips etc.) can monitor various vital signs of patients in real time and collect such data comprehensively. There is a steady growth of such technologies in various fields of medicine for disease prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Due to this, clinicians began to face similar problems as data scientists. They need to perform many different tasks, which are based on a huge amount of data, in some cases with incompleteness and uncertainty and in most others with complex, non-obvious connections between them and different for each individual patient (observation) as well as a lack of time to solve them effectively. These factors significantly decrease the quality of decision making, which usually affects the effectiveness of diagnosis or therapy. That is why the new concept in Medicine, widely known as Data-Driven Medicine, arises nowadays. This approach, which based on IoT and Artificial Intelligence, provide possibilities for efficiently process of the huge amounts of data of various types, stimulates new discoveries and provides the necessary integration and management of such information for enabling precision medical care. Such approach could create a new wave in health care. It will provide effective management of a huge amount of comprehensive information about the patient's condition; will increase the speed of clinician's expertise, and will maintain high accuracy analysis based on digital tools and machine learning. The combined use of different digital devices and artificial intelligence tools will provide an opportunity to deeply understand the disease, boost the accuracy and speed of its detection at early stages and improve the modes of diagnosis. Such invaluable information stimulates new ways to choose patient-oriented preventions and interventions for each individual case.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Human Values and Digital Work: An Ethnographic Study of Device Paradigm

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hameed Chughtai
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Critical Social Theory ◽  
Organizational Setting ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Digital Work

I examine Albert Borgmann’s concept of device paradigm as a way to underscore the significance of human values in one’s engagement with digital work in an organizational setting. Device paradigm explains the pervasive patterns of everyday engagement with information technologies as devices that facilitate prosperity without burden and efforts and, in so doing, can downplay the human values in practices. Although prior research has highlighted the significance of focal things and practices, much remains to be learned about the role of human values in contemporary everyday engagement with digital technologies. Drawing on a critical ethnography of everyday practices at an information technology firm (approximately 300 employees), I apply the critical social theory of Borgmann to analyze how digital work is firmly anchored in human values, and how device paradigm can be used as a critical lens to examine the contemporary everyday engagement with information technology. The study reveals that digital devices can have focal aspects and everyday places can be seen as focal places. Focal things are firmly grounded in focal places, which facilitate the emergence of focal practices. Ethnographers are encouraged to explore values in the field (held by people) as well as values of the field (attached to the places).

scholarly journals Data-Driven Method of Fault Detection in Technical Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Zhirabok ◽  
Sergey Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Technical Systems

scholarly journals Albee’s Plays in the Light of Psychological Theories

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadhim Hatem Kaibr ◽  
Guo Jingjing
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
American Dream ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Material Requirements

Albee’s plays are known for highlighting the daily suffering of American individuals and the material pressures exerted upon them by the “American dream” project, which pushes them into choosing between fulfilling their material requirements in exchange for the supreme human values and social relations that bind their community and refusing to face their reality in favor of retreating to a world of illusion. Albee’s plays have also touched upon the themes of suicide, departure, anxiety, insanity, fear of death, and fear of the unknown. Many critics and analysts have linked the premises in his plays with psychoanalytical theories that analyze the behavior and the relationship of individuals to their communities. This paper will attempt to focus on certain psychological theories that can explain the state of anxiety and sense of loss experienced by the theatrical characters created by Albee in three of his prominent plays.

scholarly journals Enabling Trustworthiness in Artificial Intelligence - A Detailed Discussion

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Vadlamudi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Stability

Artificial intelligence (AI) delivers numerous chances to add to the prosperity of people and the stability of economies and society, yet besides, it adds up a variety of novel moral, legal, social, and innovative difficulties. Trustworthy AI (TAI) bases on the possibility that trust builds the establishment of various societies, economies, and sustainable turn of events, and that people, organizations, and societies can along these lines just at any point understand the maximum capacity of AI, if trust can be set up in its development, deployment, and use. The risks of unintended and negative outcomes related to AI are proportionately high, particularly at scale. Most AI is really artificial narrow intelligence, intended to achieve a specific task on previously curated information from a certain source. Since most AI models expand on correlations, predictions could fail to sum up to various populations or settings and might fuel existing disparities and biases. As the AI industry is amazingly imbalanced, and experts are as of now overpowered by other digital devices, there could be a little capacity to catch blunders. With this article, we aim to present the idea of TAI and its five essential standards (1) usefulness, (2) non-maleficence, (3) autonomy, (4) justice, and (5) logic. We further draw on these five standards to build up a data-driven analysis for TAI and present its application by portraying productive paths for future research, especially as to the distributed ledger technology-based acknowledgment of TAI.

scholarly journals Scientific component of the legal education in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Viktor Chernadchuk ◽  
Olha Shvaher
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Improvement Of Legislation ◽  
Law Making

The training of law specialists in the context of the European integration processes should be based on educational standards and requirements both of the national legislation and international acts. In present conditions of dynamic development of social relations and, accordingly, the development and improvement of legislation, the scientific knowledge of legal phenomena becomes increasingly important both in practical activities (law-making and law enforcement) and in the process of training of specialists in the field of law. The knowledge of legal phenomena, categories, concepts and terms is a complex process of understanding the essence, content and structure of these phenomena in the process of scientific activity aimed at identifying the true characteristics of the surrounding social and legal environment in order to obtain the knowledge about these phenomena, their objective relationships and principles for their further use in practical legal activity (law-making and law enforcement).The application of scientific principles in legal education does not cause any doubt, however methodological approaches and the issues of employment of certain methodological techniques to ensure the unity of science and practice remain controversial. The article presents the author’s vision of solving complex issues relating to the understanding of the essence of legal phenomena by unifying the terminology, improving the conceptual apparatus and applying the relevant classification, etc. The presented authors’ reflections will help find the optimal model for developing a training process for specialists in the field of law. Such a model should take into account not only the labor market demand but also the practical skills and knowledge of law and legal practice. Therefore it is extremely important to use scientific principles in the educational process, the formation of scientific thinking of students and acquisition by them of scientific approaches and the methodology of scientific research.

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