Bismuth Subgallate–Epinephrine Paste in Adenotonsillectomies

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy C Hatton
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Science Citation Index ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Bismuth Subgallate ◽  
Minimal Evidence

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of bismuth subgallate–epinephrine (BSE) paste as a hemostatic in adenotonsillectomies. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (January 1966–October 1999) and Current Contents (January 1997–October 1999) were searched, using bismuth subgallate, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, and adenotonsillectomy as search terms. A citation search was performed using Science Citation Index (January 1977–October 1999). DATA SYNTHESIS: Adenotonsillectomies are common procedures; although there are few complications, hemorrhage is a concern. Bismuth subgallate has historically been used as an astringent and hemostatic. An evaluation of studies of bismuth subgallate and BSE paste was conducted. CONCLUSIONS: There is minimal evidence to support this practice, but data suggest that epinephrine may be the active ingredient in BSE paste. BSE paste is inexpensive, poses little risk, and may decrease postoperative bleeding; therefore, it may be a reasonable hemostatic agent.

Safety of Selegiline with Cold Medications

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeena E Jacob ◽  
Mary L Wagner ◽  
Jacob I Sage
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Interaction Potential ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Clinical Literature

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of the coadministration of selegiline with cold medications. DATA SOURCES: Clinical literature accessed through MEDLINE(1965–September 2002), IPA database, and Drug-Reax System. The following search terms were used: selegiline, pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, MAOI, and drug interactions. Somerset Pharmaceuticals, the marketers of Eldepryl (selegiline HCI), were also contacted. DATA SYNTHESIS: Despite a warning against its concomitant use with pseudoephedrine and dextromethorphan, interactions with selegiline have not been reported. However, there have been reports of patients experiencing adverse events with related agents. CONCLUSIONS: Patients taking selegiline should try to avoid pseudoephedrine and dextromethorphan or use drugs without interaction potential. If selegiline is used with these medications, watch for adverse events or replace selegiline with another drug.

Myoclonus Due to Chlorambucil in Two Adults with Lymphoma

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rj Wyllie ◽  
Charles D Bayliff ◽  
Michael J Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Science Citation Index ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Science Citation ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Neurologic Status ◽  
Subsequent Decrease

Objective To report myoclonus due to chlorambucil therapy in two adults with lymphoma, and to review the literature of chlorambucil neurotoxicity in adults. Case Summaries Case 1: An 81-year-old man with lymphoma being treated with chlorambucil developed jerking movements and stiffness that persisted for 3 days and intensified at night. The dosage of chlorambucil was decreased with a subsequent decrease in symptomatology. Resolution of the myoclonus occurred with discontinuation of the chlorambucil. Rechallenge evoked a return of tremors the next day that later became constant and again resolved on discontinuation of chlorambucil. Case 2: A 75-year-old woman with lymphoma being treated with chlorambucil developed jerking movements in her limbs, particularly in her arms and right hip. The symptoms were so severe they prevented the patient from leaving her house. All symptoms resolved within 2–3 days after the cycle was completed and did not return. She was diagnosed as having had chlorambucil-induced myoclonus. Data Sources Searches were performed on MEDLINE, CancerLit, and Science Citation Index Review to identify reports and articles discussing chlorambucil-induced neurotoxicity, particularly myoclonus. Discussion Chlorambucil-induced myoclonus has been described in overdose situations and in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children. Three cases of reversible myoclonic activity associated with high-dose chlorambucil in adults have also been described. In each case, the myoclonus resolved following discontinuation of the drug. Only one other conclusive case of low-dose chlorambucil-induced myoclonus in an adult has been described. The two cases presented here are unique in that the myoclonus occurred in adults receiving low-dose chlorambucil who had no myoclonus before or after treatment with the drug. Conclusions From the cases reviewed, it appears that chlorambucil may induce myoclonus in adults receiving therapeutic dosages of chlorambucil. The neurologic status of patients receiving chlorambucil should be followed closely during treatment. If myoclonus develops, drug-induced myoclonus should be considered, as well as discontinuation of the drug.

Topical Tacrolimus in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Gianni ◽  
Maria Marzella Sulli
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Topical Tacrolimus ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Optimal Duration

OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy of topical tacrolimus in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). DATA SOURCES: Searches of MEDLINE (1966–October 2000), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–October 2000), and ScienceDirect (1994–October 2000) were performed using the key search terms tacrolimus, FK506, and atopic dermatitis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Since patients with AD have defects in cell-mediated immunity, the immunosuppressant properties of the macrolides (cyclosporine and tacrolimus) may prove to be beneficial in the treatment of AD. Topical tacrolimus has been frequently studied in the treatment of AD because it was found to have better skin penetration and higher potentency than topically applied cyclosporine. Studies evaluating the use of topical tacrolimus are presented and provide evidence that topical tacrolimus is effective in the treatment of AD with no evidence thus far of systemic adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: There is a fair amount of documentation of the efficacy and safety of topical tacrolimus. Further trials are needed to determine the optimal duration of therapy and its efficacy and safety in children less than seven years of age.

Divalproex Sodium Therapy in Elderly with Dementia-Related Agitation

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1625-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal E Pratt ◽  
Steven M Davis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Divalproex Sodium ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Potential Benefits

OBJECTIVE: To review available literature regarding the use of divalproex sodium in the treatment of agitation in elderly patients with dementia. DATA SOURCES: Clinical trials and review articles were identified by MEDLINE search (1966 — March 2002). DATA SYNTHESIS: The literature provides information regarding the potential benefits and tolerability of divalproex sodium in the treatment of dementia-related agitation. This article analyzes 7 studies to better understand the role of divalproex sodium in the treatment of dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Divalproex sodium may offer a slight benefit to elderly patients suffering from dementia-related agitation. Until better-controlled trials demonstrate statistical significance and comparisons with established treatments are performed, practitioners should use divalproex sodium cautiously.

Safety and Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1712-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie GB Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Asthma Exacerbation ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Search Terms

OBJECTIVE: To describe the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccines in asthmatic children. DATA SOURCES: Literature was identified by a MEDLINE search (2002–March 2003). Key search terms included asthma, exacerbation, children, vaccine, and influenza. DATA SYNTHESIS: Concerns that the influenza vaccine may exacerbate asthma attacks have kept many asthmatic children from receiving this immunization. Researchers have conducted studies to determine the burden of influenza on asthmatic children, the safety of influenza vaccines, and their benefit in the presence of glucocorticoid burst therapy in the same population. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccines tested are safe and efficacious in asthmatic children.

scholarly journals Journals that Rise from the Fourth Quartile to the First Quartile in Six Years or Less: Mechanisms of Change and the Role of Journal Self-Citations

Publications ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Campanario
Keyword(s):  
Science Citation Index ◽  
Journal Impact Factor ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Journal Citation Reports ◽  
Subject Categories ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Journal Impact ◽  
Fourth Quartile

Journal self-citations may be increased artificially to inflate a journal’s scientometric indicators. The aim of this study was to identify possible mechanisms of change in a cohort of journals that rose from the fourth (Q4) to the first quartile (Q1) over six years or less in Journal Citation Reports (JCR), and the role of journal self-citations in these changes. A total of 51 different journals sampled from all JCR Science Citation Index (SCI) subject categories improved their rank position from Q4 in 2009 to Q1 in any year from 2010 to 2015. I identified changes in the numerator or denominator of the Journal Impact Factor (JIF) that were involved in each year-to-year transition. The main mechanism of change was the increase in the number of citations used to compute the JIF. The effect of journal self-citations in the increase of the JIF was studied. The main conclusion is that there was no evidence of widespread JIF manipulation through the overuse of journal self-citations.

Nebulized Morphine for Relief of Dyspnea Due to Chronic Lung Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherrill J Brown ◽  
Samantha F Eichner ◽  
Jennifer R Jones
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Diseases

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized morphine for the management of dyspnea in chronic pulmonary diseases. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966–May 2004), EMBASE (1980–May 2004), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–May 2004) searches were performed. Key search terms included morphine, dyspnea, and inhalation. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nine studies have evaluated the efficacy of nebulized morphine in relieving dyspnea. Three trials had positive resuts, but the rest failed to show improvement after treatment with doses ranging from 1 to 40 mg nebulized morphine. The small number of subjects, variety of disease states, and different outcome measures limit interpretation of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Results from several small studies do not support the use of nebulized morphine for treatment of dyspnea; however, several positive case reports have been published.

Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Solution for Acute Myocardial Infarction

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L Janiger ◽  
Judy WM Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
English Language ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Meta Analyses

OBJECTIVE: To review the role of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution in the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966–October 2001) database, using the search terms glucose, insulin, potassium, and myocardial infarction. STUDY SELECTION: Relevant English-language human studies and meta-analyses. DATA SYNTHESIS: Most studies that have investigated the use of GIK in AMI have been from the prethrombolytic era. Although most data trended toward favoring GIK in improving mortality and morbidity of AMI, the Polish GIK study was terminated prematurely because of an increase in mortality in patients treated with GIK. Dosage, duration of treatment, and route of administration of GIK varied among studies. CONCLUSIONS: Until results from larger-scale studies become available, the routine use of GIK infusion in AMI patients is not recommended.

Levodopa Therapy and the Risk of Malignant Melanoma

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolene F Siple ◽  
Diana C Schneider ◽  
Wendy A Wanlass ◽  
Burton K Rosenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Levodopa Therapy ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Search Terms

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of levodopa therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease and malignant melanoma. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (January 1966–September 1999) of English-language articles was conducted. Key search terms included levodopa, melanoma, and Parkinson's disease; 34 case reports were identified. DATA SYNTHESIS: Carbidopa/levodopa continues to be a mainstay in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Since the late 1970s, a warning has appeared in the prescribing literature for levodopa regarding the risk of activating malignant melanoma. An evaluation was conducted of the case reports in which a causal relationship between levodopa and melanoma was suggested. CONCLUSIONS: There is an unlikely association between levodopa and induction or exacerbation of malignant melanoma.

Role of Pentoxifylline and Vitamin E in Attenuation of Radiation-Induced Fibrosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa B Chiao ◽  
Audrey J Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Radiation Induced

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of pentoxifylline and vitamin E as monotherapy and in combination for the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF). DATA SOURCES: Literature retrieval was performed through MEDLINE (1966–March 2004) using the terms vitamin E, α-tocopherol, pentoxifylline, radiation-induced fibrosis, and radiation injury. DATA SYNTHESIS: Few treatments exist for managing RIF of soft tissues. Due to its antioxidant properties, vitamin E may reduce the oxidative damage induced by radiation. The precise mechanism of action for pentoxifylline in management of RIF remains unclear. Uncontrolled studies evaluating vitamin E or pentoxifylline as monotherapy in RIF have shown modest improvement in clinical regression of fibrosis. However, controlled data are needed to verify these benefits. Studies involving pentoxifylline plus vitamin E demonstrated regression in RIF. The combination was more effective than placebo and may be superior to monotherapy with either agent. Adverse effects were rarely reported in the studies and consisted mainly of gastrointestinal and nervous system effects. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, pentoxifylline is well tolerated and is one of the few commercially available drugs with clinical data for management of RIF. Despite a lack of large, well-designed clinical trials, pentoxifylline plus vitamin E should be considered as an option in patients with symptomatic RIF.

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