This chapter introduces The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Europe: its rationale, timeline, geographical scope, approach, structure, and contents. The timeline—from Antiquity to the present day—is captured in a series of ‘portraits’ taken from European museums. The scope, methods, theories, and approaches are then outlined. No single theory or theoretical approach drives the volume as a whole, but particular attention is paid to the work of Max Weber, Jürgen Habermas, and David Martin. The structure (five parts) and contents (forty-five chapters and a statistical appendix) of the Handbook are carefully set out. A number of cross-cutting themes are then identified, including the role of religion in the circulation of knowledge and the tensions between Europe and its constituent states. The future is difficult to predict as Europe becomes not only more secular, but more religiously diverse.