Nanostructured oxides for energy storage applications in batteries and supercapacitors

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1489-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amreesh Chandra ◽  
Alexander J. Roberts ◽  
Eric Lam How Yee ◽  
Robert C. T. Slade
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Transmission Electron

Nanostructured materials are extensively investigated for application in energy storage and power generation devices. This paper deals with the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials based on oxides of vanadium and with their application as electrode materials for energy storage systems viz. supercapacitors. These nano-oxides have been synthesized using a hydrothermal route in the presence of templates: 1-hexadecylamine, Tweens and Brij types. Using templates during synthesis enables tailoring of the particle morphology and physical characteristics of synthesized powders. Broad X-ray diffraction peaks show the formation of nanoparticles, confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. SEM studies show that a large range of nanostructures such as needles, fibers, particles, etc. can be synthesized. These particles have varying surface areas and electrical conductivity. Enhancement of surface area as much as seven times relative to surface areas of starting parent materials has been observed. These properties make such materials ideal candidates for application as electrode materials in supercapacitors. Assembly and characterization of supercapacitors based on electrodes containing these active nano-oxides are discussed. Specific capacitance of >100 F g–1 has been observed. The specific capacitance decreases with cycling: causes of this phenomenon are presented.

Cryomicroscopy of multiphase latices

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1060-1061
Author(s):  
O. L. Shaffer ◽  
M.S. El-Aasser ◽  
C. L. Zhao ◽  
M. A. Winnik ◽  
R. R. Shivers
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Transmission electron microscopy is an important approach to the characterization of the morphology of multiphase latices. Various sample preparation techniques have been applied to multiphase latices such as OsO4, RuO4 and CsOH stains to distinguish the polymer phases or domains. Radiation damage by an electron beam of latices imbedded in ice has also been used as a technique to study particle morphology. Further studies have been developed in the use of freeze-fracture and the effect of differential radiation damage at liquid nitrogen temperatures of the latex particles embedded in ice and not embedded.Two different series of two-stage latices were prepared with (1) a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) seed and poly(styrene) (PS) second stage; (2) a PS seed and PMMA second stage. Both series have varying amounts of second-stage monomer which was added to the seed latex semicontinuously. A drop of diluted latex was placed on a 200-mesh Formvar-carbon coated copper grid.

Recent Developments in Transmission Electron Microscopy Techniques to the Characterization of Cycled Li-Ion Electrode Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loic Dupont ◽  
Lydia Laffont ◽  
Sylvie Grugeon ◽  
Stephane Laruelle ◽  
Vincent Bodenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

scholarly journals Electrodeposition and Characterization of Mesoporous Nanostructured Cobalt Films using Brij78 Templated

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ghanem ◽  
I. S. El-Hallag
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cobalt Films ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Mesoporous Thin Films

In this manuscript the preparation of highly ordered mesoporous cobalt films containing close packed arrays of spherical holes of uniform size was demonstrated by electrochemical deposition using the hexagonal liquid crystal template (H1-e Co). The template used was Brij®78 surfactant. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), voltammetric methods, and low angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the electrodeposited mesopores films. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique are used to show the mesoporous thin films are promising to be used as electrode materials of high - performance super capacitors.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ni/CNTs Electrodes and their Supercapacitors Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Fu Liu ◽  
Qian Qian Li ◽  
Si Han Zhang ◽  
Cao Ma ◽  
Quan Zhuang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Effective Path ◽  
Nano Size

The Ni/Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites for supercapacitor electrode have been synthesized by electroless deposition method. The morphology and structure of Ni/CNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nano-size Ni particles coated the surface of carbon nanotubes. Electrochemical performances of the synthesized composites were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement. The specific capacitance of prepared electrode is up to 281 F/g, which is much higher than acetylene black electrode and pure carbon nanotubes electrode, indicating an effective path for increasing specific capacitance of carbon materials for the appplication of supercapacitors.

Preparation and characterization of porous TiO2-SiO2 mixed oxide

2004 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ang Thiam Peng ◽  
Zhong Ziyi ◽  
James Highfield
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mixed Oxide ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
High Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTA study on the comparison of porous TiO2-SiO2 mixed oxides synthesized variously via the “amine directed” method is reported. The amine capping groups were octylamine, dodecylamine, octyldecylamine, aniline, and isobutylamine. The mixed oxide is characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET). While XRD, SEM and TEM provide mainly (bulk) structural information on the mixed oxide preparations, BET (N2 physisorption) probes into their surface area and texture. IR evidence suggests that intimate chemical mixing of both oxides has occurred, while BET measurements show that high surface areas are attainable and that the mixed oxide is more thermally stable than pure (control) samples of TiO2.

Cryomicroscopy of low-Tg latex particles via freeze drying

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1198-1199
Author(s):  
J. R. Reffner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for investigating the structure of latex particles. However, examining low Tg (glass transision, Tg < room temperature) latex particles requires special techniques due to the significant deformation which occurs if the particles are dispersed onto a substrate at room temperature. Here a freeze drying (FD) technique is presented which permits individual emulsion particles, including stained particles, to be examined in a manner that minimizes deformation by maintaining the particles at temperatures below Tg.Typically, particle morphology is determined from images of individual latex particles dispersed onto a supporting ultra-thin substrate or from images of ultra-microtomed sections of films cast from the latex. Examining particles dispersed onto a substrate is often advantageous, allowing direct determination of particle shape and characterization of the morphology prior to the film formation process. Although low Tg materials can be examined using this technique, information about the size, shape and morphology of phase separated domains can be obscured by the deformation which occurs when the particles are examined at room temperature.

Nano-Flower MnO2 Coated Graphene Composite Electrodes for Energy Storage Devices

2011 ◽  
Vol 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Norio Shinya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Charging Current

ABSTRACTGraphene, two-dimensional layers of sp2-bonded carbon, has many unique properties. In this paper, graphene is decorated with flower-like MnO2 nanostructures for the application in energy storage devices. The as-prepared graphene and MnO2 nano-flowers, which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were assembled into an asymmetric supercapacitor. The specific capacitance of the graphene electrode reached 245 F/g at a charging current of 1 mA. The MnO2 nano-flowers which consisted of tiny rods with a diameter of less than 10 nm were coated onto the graphene electrodes by electrodeposition. The specific capacitance after the MnO2 deposition is 328 F/g at the charging current of 1 mA with an energy density of 11.4Wh/kg and power density of 25.8 kW/kg. This work suggests that our graphene-based electrodes can be a promising candidate for high-performance energy storage devices.

scholarly journals Correlation of Morphology and In-Vitro Degradation Behavior of Spray Pyrolyzed Bioactive Glasses

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fetene Fufa Bakare ◽  
Yu-Jen Chou ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Huang ◽  
Abadi Hadush Tesfay ◽  
Toshihiro Moriga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Bioactive glass (BG) is considered to be one of the most remarkable materials in the field of bone tissue regeneration due to its superior bioactivity. In this study, both un-treated and polyethylene glycols (PEG)-treated BG particles were prepared using a spray pyrolysis process to study the correlation between particle morphology and degradation behavior. The phase compositions, surface morphologies, inner structures, and specific surface areas of all BG specimens were examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption, respectively. Simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion evaluated the assessments of bioactivity and degradation behavior. The results demonstrate three particle morphologies of solid, porous, and hollow factors. The correlation between porosity, bioactivity, and degradation behavior was discussed.

Applications of Transmission Electron Microscopy in the Characterization of Metal Machinability

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 442-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
A.B. Draper
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
State Physics ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Rotary Table ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Selection Of

The industrial characterization of the machinability of metals and alloys has always been a very arbitrarily defined property, subject to the selection of various reference or test materials; and the adoption of rather naive and misleading interpretations and standards. However, it seems reasonable to assume that with the present state of knowledge of materials properties, and the current theories of solid state physics, more basic guidelines for machinability characterization might be established on the basis of the residual machined microstructures. This approach was originally pursued by Draper; and our presentation here will simply reflect an exposition and extension of this research.The technique consists initially in the production of machined chips of a desired test material on a horizontal milling machine with the workpiece (specimen) mounted on a rotary table vice. A single cut of a specified depth is taken from the workpiece (0.25 in. wide) each at a new tool location.

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