Beyond Tokenism: People With Complex Needs in Leadership Roles: A Review of the Literature

Inclusion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruthie-Marie Beckwith ◽  
Mark G. Friedman ◽  
James W. Conroy

AbstractThis article summarizes the results of a literature review conducted as part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities have begun to be included on boards and policymaking organizations, but the roles given to them have often been tokens—symbolic gestures that result in presence without genuine inclusion. To better understand the advances that have been made and the barriers that people with developmental disabilities still encounter, a comprehensive review of the literature on how people with complex and high support needs are engaged in leadership development, public policy advocacy, and community activities was conducted. The analysis identified key gaps in information about the degree of influence in leadership and organizational decision making exercised by people with complex needs. These results reflected the need for additional research to better understand how far people with developmental disabilities have moved “beyond tokenism” and into authentic leadership roles, which informed other activities conducted as part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study.

Inclusion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Ruthie-Marie Beckwith ◽  
Mark G. Friedman ◽  
James W. Conroy

Abstract Including people with disabilities in respected roles within disability-focused organizations is gaining recognition as best practice. In 2012 and 2013, we conducted a nationwide survey of disability-focused organizations about the inclusion of self-advocates on governing and decision-making bodies as part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study. This article presents the findings of the national survey on the inclusion of people with disabilities in leadership roles, including information on supports identified by organizations as facilitating inclusion, and the outcomes of including people with complex needs in leadership roles, and implications for future research and practice.


Inclusion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Friedman ◽  
Ruthie-Marie Beckwith ◽  
James W. Conroy

Abstract People with intellectual and developmental disabilities have begun to experience increased participation and inclusion in boards and policy-making bodies. They have, however, faced challenges in gaining full acceptance similar to those experienced by other marginalized groups. To date, the experience of board participation by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities has typically been examined through the narrow lens of leadership development. The purpose of this study, which is part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study, was to seek the viewpoints of experienced leaders within the self-advocacy movement regarding the prevalence of tokenism and practices they have found effective for inclusive leadership. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.


Inclusion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Friedman ◽  
Ruthie-Marie Beckwith ◽  
James W. Conroy

AbstractThis study was conducted as part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study. Building on a National Survey of 160 disability-focused organizations to identify the degree to which these organizations included people with complex needs in leadership roles and the support used to enable success, follow up in-depth interviews were conducted with 37 organizations who had participated in the survey to further understand the factors that influenced the inclusion of people with complex needs. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.


BMJ Leader ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. leader-2019-000199
Author(s):  
Charleen Singh ◽  
Caitlin Loseth ◽  
Noordeen Shoqirat

The number of women entering medicine significantly increased over the last decades. Currently, over half of the medical students are women but less than half are applying to surgery and even less go on to surgical specialties. Even fewer women are seen in leadership roles throughout the profession of surgery and surgical residency. Our purpose of the literature review is to identify any themes, which would provide insight to the current phenomenon. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method for a systematic review of the literature over a 20-year period (1998–2018). Five broad themes were identified: education and recruitment, career development, impact of/on life around the globe and surgical subspecialties as areas of barriers for women entering or considering surgery. The systematic review suggests there are opportunities to improve and encourage women entering the profession of surgery as well as the quality of life for surgeons. Creating systems for mentorship across programmes, having policies to support work–life balance and recognising surgical training overlaps with childbearing years are key opportunities for improvement. Improving the current status in surgery will require direction from leadership.


2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Petrides ◽  
Cynthia Jimes ◽  
Anastasia Karaglani

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge base on the ways in which assistant principals view their roles, and on the potential challenges involved in a distributed leadership model. Design/methodology/approach – The study employed a narrative capture method, in which assistant principals from two large urban school districts were asked to relate and self-interpret two leadership stories through a web-based narrative capture form. A total of 90 stories were collected from 45 assistant principals. Participants rated their stories based on a set of leadership indicators (including method of decision making and type of teacher interaction present in the story, among others); the results were analyzed statistically. Findings – Overall, participants tended to view their roles in terms of instructionally focussed leadership. However, leadership challenges emerged in several areas of leadership practice, including operational management and teacher professional development (PD). Demographic factors were found to influence leadership perceptions and practices. Research limitations/implications – This study begins to fill the empirical gap on assistant principal leadership roles, practices, and perceptions. Further research, using other methods (e.g. observation), is needed to collect evidence of in situ leadership practices of assistant principals, and how those practices impact and relate to school objectives for teaching and learning. Practical implications – The study sheds light on the leadership development needs of assistant principals and on the importance of ongoing, tailored PD, based on factors including where leaders are in their careers and how they envision their roles. Originality/value – This paper contributes to nascent scholarship regarding assistant principal school leadership.


2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (12) ◽  
pp. 978-985
Author(s):  
Lotta Sjögreen ◽  
Margareta Gonzalez Lindh ◽  
Madeleine Brodén ◽  
Corinna Krüssenberg ◽  
Irvina Ristic ◽  
...  

Objectives: Dysphagia and impaired saliva control are common in children and adolescents with congenital and developmental disabilities. The aim of the present review was to investigate the evidence base for oral sensory-motor interventions in children and adolescents with dysphagia or impaired saliva control secondary to congenital or early-acquired disabilities and to make recommendations regarding methods for intervention. Methods: A review of the literature from 2000 to 2016, including oral sensory-motor intervention studies for children and adolescents (3-18 years of age) with dysphagia or impaired saliva control secondary to congenital or early-acquired disabilities, was performed. The literature search included the PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, SpeechBITE, OVID, ERIC, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases. Primary studies were evaluated on a 4-grade scale using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Results: Twenty primary studies of oral sensory-motor interventions for dysphagia and 6 studies for the treatment of impaired saliva control fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, 3 were randomized, controlled trials. Five systematic reviews and 16 narrative reviews were also included. Limited and moderately strong recommendations were made on the basis of the grading results from the primary studies. The studies reported good results, but study design was often insufficient, and the study groups were small. The systematic reviews confirmed the lack of high scientific support for oral sensory-motor interventions in children and adolescents with congenital and developmental disabilities. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for high-quality studies that could serve as the basis for strong recommendations relating to oral sensory-motor interventions for children with dysphagia and impaired saliva control.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Alexandra Shillingburg ◽  
Laura B Michaud ◽  
Rowena Schwartz ◽  
Jaime Anderson ◽  
David W Henry ◽  
...  

Gender disparity exists in leadership roles within healthcare. While the majority of the healthcare workforce is comprised of women, significantly fewer women occupy leadership positions, particularly at executive and board levels. As the field of oncology pharmacy continues to rapidly expand and evolve, an assessment of the current state of women in oncology pharmacy leadership roles is vital to the growth and development of the profession. In the fall of 2017, the Hematology/Oncology Pharmacy Association (HOPA) hosted a summit to explore leadership issues facing women in oncology pharmacy which have the potential to affect our membership and our profession. This meeting included invited participants from across the fields of oncology and pharmacy and was part of HOPA’s strategic leadership initiative developed through the work of the HOPA Leadership Development Committee in 2016. This promotes a primary goal of HOPA, which is to support oncology pharmacists as they assume leadership roles within their practices and within healthcare to assure oncology pharmacy is integrated into cancer care. The purpose of this white paper is to (1) summarize key issues that were identified through a membership survey; (2) review ongoing efforts to address the needs of female oncology pharmacists in leadership development; (3) serve as a call to action for individuals and professional organizations to assist with and disseminate these efforts and highlight available resources, and (4) to provide practical steps to meet the needs of individuals, training programs, and institutions/employers.


2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Lynn Sealey

AbstractThe workload of the recovery unit can be considerably increased by patients suffering post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The unit can often become blocked by patients too sick to discharge back to the main ward. Via a review of the literature and a small research study in the authors own recovery ward, it was concluded that PONV causes patients to stay in recovery longer. In fact the study reveals of those patients who did not receive an antiemetic perioperatively, 31% suffered PONV and those who had PONV spent 29 minutes longer in recovery.Despite ondansatron being one of the most expensive drugs, it was only successful in 81% of cases. However those people who did receive ondansatron, spent an average of 8 minutes less time in recovery, compared with those who were not given it. These findings potentially have considerable cost implications, relevant in todays current climate of economy saving strategies. These findings and their implications are discussed.


Kybernetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1956-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Shrivastava

Purpose This research study uses authentic leadership (AL) model for leadership development. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the developmental perspective where the attention is on the processes. As the authenticity involves both owing one’s personal experiences and acting in accordance with one’s true self, the emphasis is on self-awareness and self-regulation. The influence of the person’s personal history and trigger events are considered as significant antecedents for generating AL. As the research was facilitated by the participation and collaboration of the number of individuals with the researcher for common purpose, i.e. developing AL, action research methodology is adopted. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used was based on the self-assessment exercises in the controlled environment. The programme used intensive counselling sessions, Neuro Linguistics programming (NLP), career autobiographies, mind maps, workshops and storytelling sessions as tools. Certified counsellors and trainers were out-sourced for conducting such sessions. With the information generated through various sources, detailed career autobiographies of students’ self-image were generated. These reports were then critically analysed on “Nvivo”, a software that supports qualitative and mixed research methods. Comprehensive data analysis was done to pull the information together and make sense of it. The development process model of AL began with how individuals interpret their accumulated life experiences with the “Who I am?” approach. NLP was used as a research instrument which involved question-based discussions, value elicitation exercise and “Anchoring and Mentor table”. The results that came after the exercises were reported by the students in a one-page autobiography. Findings The students learnt to live by their inner compass. They were finally able to relate themselves and their identity with their beliefs, thereby, understanding the term, “Who Am I”; the intentions closely related with the components of AL. Students realized that each one of them was unique. What lied beneath were exposed and the students were more at ease once they realized that they were able to balance these emotions and use them towards behaving congruently. The research concluded that doing such kind of exercises along with the main stream subjects is definitely going to help students emerge as a better person, employee and an authentic leader in the future. Practical implications The approach helped students become self-aware and self-confident and therefore enhanced their capacity to adapt positively to social set ups personally and professionally. The results suggest that such leadership development programmes along with the main stream subjects can foster AL giving students new abilities and embodied skills to deal with the practical challenges of life in a more effective manner. Originality/value This research study supports new emerging strategy of educating managers to become effective leaders and demonstrate that the development of AL can be fostered by such interventions during their journey of becoming leaders. Further, researches on whether AL can be developed through planned interventions can be certified through longitudinal studies in this area.


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