FE-Simulation Based Design of Wear-Optimized Cutting Edge Roundings

The performance of cutting tools can be significantly enhanced by matching the cutting edge rounding to the process and material properties. However, the conventional cutting edge rounding design is characterized by a significant number of experimental machining studies, which involve considerable cost, time, and resources. In this study, a novel approach to cutting edge rounding design using FEM-based chip formation simulations is presented. Based on a parameterized simulation model, tool temperatures, stresses and relative velocities can be calculated as a function of tool microgeometry. It can be shown that the external tool loads can be simulated with high agreement. With the help of these loads and the use of wear models, the resulting tool wear and the optimum cutting edge rounding can be determined. The final experimental investigations show a qualitatively high agreement to the simulation, which will enable a reduced effort design of the cutting edge in the future.

Predictors of zoonotic potential in helminths

Helminths are parasites that cause disease at considerable cost to public health and present a risk for emergence as novel human infections. Although recent research has elucidated characteristics conferring a propensity to emergence in other parasite groups (e.g. viruses), the understanding of factors associated with zoonotic potential in helminths remains poor. We applied an investigator-directed learning algorithm to a global dataset of mammal helminth traits to identify factors contributing to spillover of helminths from wild animal hosts into humans. We characterized parasite traits that distinguish between zoonotic and non-zoonotic species with 91% accuracy. Results suggest that helminth traits relating to transmission (e.g. definitive and intermediate hosts) and geography (e.g. distribution) are more important to discriminating zoonotic from non-zoonotic species than morphological or epidemiological traits. Whether or not a helminth causes infection in companion animals (cats and dogs) is the most important predictor of propensity to cause human infection. Finally, we identified helminth species with high modelled propensity to cause zoonosis (over 70%) that have not previously been considered to be of risk. This work highlights the importance of prioritizing studies on the transmission of helminths that infect pets and points to the risks incurred by close associations with these animals. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe’.

Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Penetrating Aortic Ulcer in a Patient with Renal Failure: A Case Report

Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) is a state-of-the art endovascular intervention used to treat various thoracic aortic pathologies such as aneurysm, dissection and penetrating aortic ulcers (PAU). The procedure demands significant technical skill and involves considerable cost burden for the patients. The latter is the main reason why the procedure has not yet made it to the routine clinical practice in Bangladesh. We recently performed TEVAR for the successful treatment of an ominous-looking PAU in the descending thoracic aorta in a patient with renal failure. Cardiovasc j 2021; 14(1): 88-92

Revolutionary State-Making in Dar es Salaam

Tracing Dar es Salaam's rise and fall as an epicentre of Third World revolution, George Roberts explores the connections between the global Cold War, African liberation struggles, and Tanzania's efforts to build a socialist state. Instead of understanding decolonisation through a national lens, he locates the intersection of these dynamics in a globally-connected city in East Africa. Revolutionary State-Making in Dar es Salaam introduces a vibrant cast of politicians, guerrilla leaders, diplomats, journalists, and intellectuals whose trajectories collided in the city. In its cosmopolitan and rumour-filled hotel bars, embassy receptions, and newspaper offices, they grappled with challenges of remaking a world after empire. Yet Dar es Salaam's role on the frontline of the African revolution and its provocative stance towards global geopolitics came at considerable cost. Roberts explains how Tanzania's strident anti-imperialism ultimately drove an authoritarian turn in its socialist project and tighter control over the city's public sphere.

Redefining Slough: A New Classification System to Improve Wound Bed Assessment and Management

Management of the wound bed to optimize healing accounts for a large portion of the considerable cost of wound management in the United States. Slough is a term that most clinicians use every day but is one that few truly understand. Most clinicians use slough to refer to any yellowish material noted on the wound surface. If the material is not red or black, it is classified as slough. In this article, new terminology and a clinically useful classification system for the various forms of slough are presented with the goal of helping clinicians better describe the wound bed appearance and choose appropriate interventions to maximize wound healing.

A Novel Subsea Actuator to Electrify Small-Bore Valve

This paper presents the development and qualification of a novel Subsea Electric Actuator, especially designed for rotary small-bore valves. One of the main challenges was to design an electric actuator which is as compact as the existing hydraulic actuators, but able to provide a fail-safe mechanism by field-proven springs and full integration of all necessary components, including the electric drive and controls, inside of a compact enclosure. Furthermore, the design team had to considerably reduce its power consumption and weight in comparison to existing solutions. Finally, the system was designed for lean manufacturing, allowing considerable cost-saving benefits for all the partners due to extensive standardization work. The paper shows the engineering requirements obtained by interviewing different users, the design methodology applied and the qualification of the new system up to TRL 3 with Digital Twin and Rapid Prototyping. Finally, an outlook is presented with the planned TRL 4 and TRL 5 qualification tests and a summary of the technical and economic benefits for the users of this novel Subsea Valve Actuator.

Malware Static Analysis on Microsoft Macro Attack

In the 21st century, technology is increasing rapidly, the increase in technology is the potential for cyber attacks on today's technological infrastructure. Malware that is designed to damage computer systems without the owner's knowledge at a considerable cost becomes a cyber crime. This macro malware analysis is to study the code and behavior of malware when run on an operating system. To analyze this malware, this study uses a static analysis method by analyzing malware without running the program.

Pemanfaatan Sedimen Sungai Untuk Bahan Baku Unfired Bricks (Bata Tanpa Bakar)

The land use change in a watershed cause erosion resulting in sedimentation in river channels. Physically treatment of sedimentation requires a considerable cost, hence it is necessary to find another alternative treatment, i.e. by utilizing river sediment for building materials. Brick is a building material that is widely produced and used by the society. To provide solutions for sediment reduction, it is necessary to do a research on the utilization of river sediment for brick raw materials. In this study, the utilization of sediment into bricks was proposed in the form of Unfired Bricks. Raw sediment material will be mixed with cement and sand with a certain composition to increase the compression strength of brick in order to meet one of the SNI requirements, i.e. 15-2094-2000 or SNI 03-0349-1989. Results found that the addition of cement and sand treatment can increase the compressive strength of the brick up to 44,176 kg/cm² at the age of 14 days. However, the compression strength test results are still below the compression strength of Red Brick requirements in accordance with SNI 15-2094-2000 where the minimum compression strength of brick is 50 kg /cm², but it qualify for the compression Strength Concrete Brick SNI 03-0349-1989 for the quality level of grade III with a minimum of 40 kg / cm² and grade IV with a minimum of 25 kg / cm²

An analysis of the cost of postgraduate training in surgery in Ireland compared to other specialties

Introduction Postgraduate specialty training in Ireland is associated with considerable cost. Some of these are mandatory costs such as medical council fees, while others are necessary to ensure career progression, such as attendance at courses and conferences. In particular, surgical specialities are believed to be associated with high training costs. It is unknown how these costs compare to those borne by counterparts in other specialities. Aims The aims of this study were to Quantify the amount that trainees in Ireland spend on postgraduate training Determine whether a difference exists between surgery and other non-skill-based specialties in terms of expenditure on training Methods A standardised non-mandatory questionnaire was circulated to trainees across two training centres in Ireland. Trainees at all levels were invited to participate. Results Sixty responses were obtained. Fifty-seven questionnaires were fully completed and included for analysis. The median expenditure on training was higher for surgical than non-surgical specialities. Subgroup analysis revealed surgical training was associated with higher expenditure on higher degrees and courses compared to medical training (p = 0.035). > 95% of trainees surveyed felt that greater financial support should be available for trainees during the course of their training. Conclusions This study demonstrated that a career in surgery is associated with higher ongoing costs for higher degrees and courses than counterparts in non-surgical training. All surgical trainees surveyed felt that better financial support should be available. Increasing financial support for may be a tangible way to mitigate against attrition during training.

What does complete digital workflow mean for dentistry?

The introduction of computer-aided manufacturing technologies and further developments have changed the routine workflow in dentistry, and dentists are now rapidly shifting from conventional to digital. As a result, intra-oral scanners have become a standard device in dental clinics even though they have a considerable cost. One of the important reasons of this digital transition is to ensure standardized-quality manufacturing with a shorter chair time, which is promised by complete digital workflow. So, what does complete digital workflow mean for dentistry? This review elaborately answers to this question and summarizes the stages of complete digital workflow in dental applications.