Neo-Extractivism in Latin America: Socio-environmental Conflicts, the Territorial Turn, and New Political Narratives by Maristella Svampa

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-296
Author(s):  
Ruchi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Political Narratives

scholarly journals Neoextractivismo en América Latina y Colombia: una reflexión desde la ecología política

2017 ◽  
pp. 15-53
Author(s):  
Carolina Arias Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Social Environmental

En el artículo, se realiza una aproximación a la problemática del neoextractivismo en el siglo xxi desde la ecología política en el ámbito regional, nacional y local. En primer lugar, se presenta un panorama sobre las contradicciones del desarrollo neoextractivista en América Latina como expresión de la crisis multidimensional y la necesidad de búsqueda de alternativas. Enseguida, se examina la situación actual del neoextractivismo en Colombia, a partir del reconocimiento de los conflictos socioambientales y las luchas sociales por la justicia ambiental. Por último, se analiza el caso del municipio de Marmato (Colombia), lugar emblemático por la constante defensa del territorio como un patrimonio y un derecho.Palabras clave: neoextractivismo, ecología política, conflictos socioambientales, justicia ambiental. AbstractNeo-extractivism in Latin America and Colombia: a political ecology reflexion In this article an approach is performed to the problematic of neoextractivism in the 21st century at a regional, national and local level from the political ecology view. In the first place, it presents a panorama on the contradictions of the neo-extractivist development in Latin America, as an expression of the multidimensional crisis and the needing to search for alternatives. Next, it examines the current situation of neo-extractivism in Colombia from the * Estudiante del doctorado en Estudios del Desarrollo de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (México). Correo electrónico: [email protected] Controversia 207 abril 2018.indd 17 6/25/2018 8:20:18 PM 18 Controversia 208 recognition of the social-environmental conflicts and social struggles for environmental justice. Finally, the paper analyzes the case of the municipality of Marmato (Colombia), emblematic in the defense of the territory as a heritage and a right.Keywords: neo-extractivism, political ecology, social-environmental conflicts, environmental justice.

scholarly journals Conflitos Socioambientais envolvendo Projetos de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) na América Latina10.5773/rgsa.v3i3.182

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Andréa Ventura ◽  
José Célio Silveira Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Social Environmental

O Protocolo de Kyoto surge em 1997 como uma pretensa solução para o aquecimento global, Apenas um dos seus mecanismos permite a participação direta dos países em desenvolvimento: o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL). A proposta deste mecanismo é que os países em desenvolvimento possam contribuir para a redução de gases do efeito estufa usando financiamento dos países desenvolvidos e, ao mesmo tempo, promovam o desenvolvimento sustentável. No entanto, não há um consenso os atores sociais envolvidos sobre a eficácia dos projetos MDL. Um número crescente de ONGs os critica, argumentando que não há contribuição para o meio ambiente global e para o desenvolvimento sustentável com o MDL. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma investigação que analisou, através de um estudo de caso comparativo, dois diferentes projetos MDL na América Latina: o Projeto Plantar, no Brasil, e o Projeto Fray Bentos de Biomassa, no Uruguai. Os casos têm pelo menos um ponto comum: ambos envolvem conflitos socioambientais entre empresas privadas e ONGs sobre plantações de eucalipto em escala industrial. Através de revisão bibliográfica e documental, entrevistas com os principais atores envolvidos em cada caso, e da observação não participante, este artigo tenta analisar as principais semelhanças e diferenças entre estes conflitos. Observa-se que, não obstante as diferenças marcantes existentes, os casos são ligados em aspectos-chave, a exemplo da contestação ao modelo de desenvolvimento apoiado pelos projetos de MDL e da forma de contestação utilizada pelos integrantes do movimento social ambientalista de oposição. Palavras-chave: Conflitos socioambientais; Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL); América Latina. Abstract The Kyoto Protocol comes up in 1997 as a supposed solution to global warming. Only one of its mechanisms allows direct participation of developing countries: the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The purpose of this mechanism is that developing countries can contribute to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions using funding from developed countries and, at the same time, promote sustainable development. However, there is not a consensus on CDM projects effectiveness among the social actors involved. A growing number of NGOs criticize them, arguing that there is not any contribution to the global environment and sustainable development with the CDM. This paper presents the results of an investigation that examined, through a comparative case study, two different CDM projects in Latin America: Plantar Project in Brazil and the Project Biomass Fray Bentos in Uruguay. The cases have at least one point in common: both involve social and environmental conflicts between private companies and NGOs on eucalyptus plantations in industrial scale. Through literature and documentary review, interviews with key actors involved in each case, and non-participant observation, this article attempts to analyze the similarities and differences between these conflicts. It is observed that, despite marked differences, the cases are linked to key aspects, such as the challenge to the development model supported by the CDM projects and the contestation methods used by the social environmentalist movement of opposition. Keywords: Social Environmental Conflicts; Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM); Latin America.

Green Guerrillas: Environmental Conflicts and Initiatives in Latin America and The Caribbean

1996 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
The People ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Shanty Town ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Peasant Farmers

Profiles the people on the front-line of an environmental war, from indigenous groups and forest settlers to fishing communities, peasant farmers, flower workers, shanty-town activists and many more.

Urban Environmental Activism in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lopes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Activism ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The One

If environmental activism revolves around problems and challenges related to the socioecological context of a collectivity (that is, the material framework in which it exists, from the point of view of access to resources and infrastructure, conditions of public health ,and embeddedness in ecosystems and naturogenic processes and dynamics), urban environmental activism can be characterized as activism in which the agendas, actors, and conflicts involved are specifically related to the urban space and its peculiarities, considered from a broad socioecological perspective. Considering the immense body of literature that has accumulated over the last 30 years on the environmental problems of Latin America, it is disappointing to see that only a comparatively small part of it refers specifically to urban environmental conflicts and activism. This is disturbing, because already in 2007, 78% of Latin America’s population lived in cities or other geographical entities classified as urban. Moreover, although in some core capitalist countries, too, there are many kinds of urban environmental problems, caused by omission, irresponsibility, or structural causes linked to class differences and asymmetries of power, Latin American problems and conflicts—above all those related to environmental injustice—are far more dramatic. Symptomatically, environmental struggles have been massive and have typically involved basic rights and the non-satisfaction of basic needs in the cities of the region. At the end of the day, it is clear that there have always been two basic types of urban environmental activism in Latin America: on the one side, a kind of environmental activism (and ecological discourse) that masks contradictions and class struggle, as it adopts a strict “preservationist” perspective that reveals itself to be insensitive to human needs and rights; on the other side, however, there are radical social struggles that are at the same time environmental struggles, particularly those explicitly or implicitly related to environmental justice. This diversity demonstrates both the richness and the contradictions of a contested sociopolitical landscape, where terms like sustainability and environmental protection have been instrumentalized for different, sometimes mutually incompatible, purposes.

scholarly journals The Dragon and the Condor: China’s rise and Latin America’s developmental anxieties

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-51
Author(s):  
Henrique Brenner Gasperin ◽  
Lucas Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
World Order ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
China’S Rise ◽  
Pacific World ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
China's Rise

In the present article, we aim to present a critical analysis of China’s rise to the position of global power in the international scenario focused on some related political inflexions in Latin America. Holding on a qualitative methodology, based on the analysis of primary and secondary sources, we argue that China’s rise and its growing presence in Latin America, mostly regarding commercial and financial flows and also infrastructural project, is reinforcing a neo-extractivist paradigm the new hegemonic model of development for the region. This process has been generating a series of social and environmental conflicts, providing us a space to discuss the ambivalence and the contradictions presented in Chinese discourse, which alludes to the establishment of a pacific world order that is committed to ecologic sustainability, win-win relations, and the harmonious development of the actors in the international scenario. This work will be critically oriented by some concepts presented in contemporary Latin American developmental thought. Some examples are neoextractivism, com-modity consensus and reprimarization. For us to better situate the discussion, some illustrative cases will be brought to the fore

scholarly journals Buen Vivir en América Latina Naturaleza, Comunidad y Conflictos Ambientales

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Karla Díaz Martínez ◽  
Pablo Chacón Cancino
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Buen Vivir ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Common ◽  
America Latina

Resumen:El Buen Vivir como paradigma civilizatorio y su materialización en el constitucionalismo latinoamericano marca una ruptura con el concepto tradicional de derecho ampliando su alcance más allá del ser humano. Los conceptos de “Buen Vivir” y “Comunidad” vinculan el respeto al medio ambiente, el buen uso de los recursos naturales, la no valorización monetaria de las actividades tradicionales, el uso del territorio y la autodeterminación. Paralelamente, los conflictos socioambientales son el denominador común de comunidades territoriales que pueden tener regímenes políticos distintos. Este artículo presenta un acercamiento al desarrollo teórico de la naturaleza como sujeto de derecho y muestra cómo a través de distintas trayectorias de conflictos ambientales, en realidades sociopolíticas diversas en Chile, Bolivia y Ecuador, Buen Vivir y Comunidad tienen expresiones de posibilidad y confrontan las tensiones fundamentales de las crisis del capitalismo. Palabras Clave: Buen vivir, derechos de la naturaleza, constitucionalismo, comunidad, conflictos socioambientales, América Latina.**************************************************************** Goodlife in Latin America. Nature, Community and environmental conflictsAbstractGoodlife as a civilizatory paradigm ant its materiarialism in the latinoamerican constitutionalism marks a rupture with the traditional concept of Right spreading its range beyond human beings. The concept of “Goodlife” and “Community” link the environment respect, the correct use of natural resources, the Non-monetary valoration of traditional activities, the use of the territory and theautodetermination. Concurrently, the socioenviromental conflicts are the common denominator of territorial communities which could have different political regimes. This article shows an approach to the theory development of nature as a right subject and shows how among divers trajectories of environmental conflicts, in several sociopolitics realities in Chile, Bolivia and Equator, Goodlife and Community have expressions of possibility and get confronted to fundamental crisis of capitalism. Keywords: Goodlife. Nature rights. Constitucionalism. Community. Socioenviromental conflicts. Latin America.************************************************************ Bom viver na América Latina. Natureza, Comunidade e conflitos ambientaisResumoO Bom Viver como paradigma civilizatório e sua materialização no constitucionalismo latino-americano marca uma ruptura com o conceito tradicional do direito ampliando seu alcance além do ser humano. Os conceitos de “Bom Viver” e “Comunidade” vinculam o respeito ao meio ambiente, o uso adequado dos recursos naturais, a não valorização monetária das atividades tradicionais, o uso do território e da autodeterminação. Paralelamente, os conflitos socioambientais são o denominador comum de comunidades territoriais que podem ter regimes políticos distintos. Este artigo apresenta uma aproximação ao desenvolvimento teórico da natureza como sujeito do direito e mostra como através das distintas trajetórias de conflitos ambientais, em realidades sociopolíticas diversas no Chile, Bolívia e Equador. Bom Viver e Comunidade têm expressões de possibilidade e confrontam as tensões fundamentais das crises do capitalismo.Palavras-chave:Bom Viver; Direitos da Natureza; Constitucionalismo; Comunidade; Conflitos socioambientais; América Latina.

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