scholarly journals Neoextractivismo en América Latina y Colombia: una reflexión desde la ecología política

2017 ◽  
pp. 15-53
Author(s):  
Carolina Arias Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Social Environmental

En el artículo, se realiza una aproximación a la problemática del neoextractivismo en el siglo xxi desde la ecología política en el ámbito regional, nacional y local. En primer lugar, se presenta un panorama sobre las contradicciones del desarrollo neoextractivista en América Latina como expresión de la crisis multidimensional y la necesidad de búsqueda de alternativas. Enseguida, se examina la situación actual del neoextractivismo en Colombia, a partir del reconocimiento de los conflictos socioambientales y las luchas sociales por la justicia ambiental. Por último, se analiza el caso del municipio de Marmato (Colombia), lugar emblemático por la constante defensa del territorio como un patrimonio y un derecho.Palabras clave: neoextractivismo, ecología política, conflictos socioambientales, justicia ambiental. AbstractNeo-extractivism in Latin America and Colombia: a political ecology reflexion In this article an approach is performed to the problematic of neoextractivism in the 21st century at a regional, national and local level from the political ecology view. In the first place, it presents a panorama on the contradictions of the neo-extractivist development in Latin America, as an expression of the multidimensional crisis and the needing to search for alternatives. Next, it examines the current situation of neo-extractivism in Colombia from the * Estudiante del doctorado en Estudios del Desarrollo de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (México). Correo electrónico: [email protected] Controversia 207 abril 2018.indd 17 6/25/2018 8:20:18 PM 18 Controversia 208 recognition of the social-environmental conflicts and social struggles for environmental justice. Finally, the paper analyzes the case of the municipality of Marmato (Colombia), emblematic in the defense of the territory as a heritage and a right.Keywords: neo-extractivism, political ecology, social-environmental conflicts, environmental justice.

scholarly journals Conflitos Socioambientais envolvendo Projetos de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) na América Latina10.5773/rgsa.v3i3.182

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Andréa Ventura ◽  
José Célio Silveira Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Social Environmental

O Protocolo de Kyoto surge em 1997 como uma pretensa solução para o aquecimento global, Apenas um dos seus mecanismos permite a participação direta dos países em desenvolvimento: o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL). A proposta deste mecanismo é que os países em desenvolvimento possam contribuir para a redução de gases do efeito estufa usando financiamento dos países desenvolvidos e, ao mesmo tempo, promovam o desenvolvimento sustentável. No entanto, não há um consenso os atores sociais envolvidos sobre a eficácia dos projetos MDL. Um número crescente de ONGs os critica, argumentando que não há contribuição para o meio ambiente global e para o desenvolvimento sustentável com o MDL. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma investigação que analisou, através de um estudo de caso comparativo, dois diferentes projetos MDL na América Latina: o Projeto Plantar, no Brasil, e o Projeto Fray Bentos de Biomassa, no Uruguai. Os casos têm pelo menos um ponto comum: ambos envolvem conflitos socioambientais entre empresas privadas e ONGs sobre plantações de eucalipto em escala industrial. Através de revisão bibliográfica e documental, entrevistas com os principais atores envolvidos em cada caso, e da observação não participante, este artigo tenta analisar as principais semelhanças e diferenças entre estes conflitos. Observa-se que, não obstante as diferenças marcantes existentes, os casos são ligados em aspectos-chave, a exemplo da contestação ao modelo de desenvolvimento apoiado pelos projetos de MDL e da forma de contestação utilizada pelos integrantes do movimento social ambientalista de oposição. Palavras-chave: Conflitos socioambientais; Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL); América Latina. Abstract The Kyoto Protocol comes up in 1997 as a supposed solution to global warming. Only one of its mechanisms allows direct participation of developing countries: the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The purpose of this mechanism is that developing countries can contribute to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions using funding from developed countries and, at the same time, promote sustainable development. However, there is not a consensus on CDM projects effectiveness among the social actors involved. A growing number of NGOs criticize them, arguing that there is not any contribution to the global environment and sustainable development with the CDM. This paper presents the results of an investigation that examined, through a comparative case study, two different CDM projects in Latin America: Plantar Project in Brazil and the Project Biomass Fray Bentos in Uruguay. The cases have at least one point in common: both involve social and environmental conflicts between private companies and NGOs on eucalyptus plantations in industrial scale. Through literature and documentary review, interviews with key actors involved in each case, and non-participant observation, this article attempts to analyze the similarities and differences between these conflicts. It is observed that, despite marked differences, the cases are linked to key aspects, such as the challenge to the development model supported by the CDM projects and the contestation methods used by the social environmentalist movement of opposition. Keywords: Social Environmental Conflicts; Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM); Latin America.

scholarly journals Travessias para Educação Ambiental ‘Desde el sur’: uma agenda política critica comum em ‘zonas de sacrifício’ como o Brasil e América Latina

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-30
Author(s):  
Patrícia De Oliveira Plácido ◽  
Elza Maria Neffa Vieira de Castro ◽  
Mauro Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Poor ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Critical Policy

Neste ensaio a abordagem dos conflitos ambientais em ‘zonas de sacrifício’ expressa o alinhamento conceitual e epistemológico de educação ambiental com o pensamento freireano e com o “ecologismo dos pobres” apoiados na Ecologia Política. A América Latina e o Brasil são territórios que tem em seu processo histórico a exploração da natureza e do ser humano, e consequentemente a emergência dos conflitos socioambientais. Objetivamos apontar algumas possíveis propostas para pensar qual agenda política pode ser comum em práticas de educação ambiental realizadas em zonas de sacrifícios. Consideramos que o campo crítico é o que melhor legitima as abordagens para a educação ambiental ‘desde del Sur’ comprometida com o enfrentamento das desigualdades e com a travessia para novas relações mais justas e emancipatórias do Bem Viver. Travels for environmental education 'from the south': one Common critical policy agenda in 'sacrifice zones' as Brazil and latin america In this test the approach of the environmental conflicts in „zones of sacrifice‟expresses the conceptual alignment and epistemológico of environmental education with the thought freireano and with “ecologismo of the poor persons” supported in the Political Ecology. The Latin America and Brazil are territories that there has in his historical process the exploration of the nature and of the human being, and consequently the emergence of the conflicts socioambientais. We aim to point to some possible proposals to think which political diary can be common in practices of environmental education carried out in zones of sacrifices. We think that the critical field is what better legitim the approaches for the environmental education „from del Sur‟ compromised with the enfrentamento of the unequalities and with the journey for more just new relations and emancipatórias of the Good to Live.

scholarly journals PALEONTOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: MAKING CONNECTIONS THROUGH POLITICAL ECOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Neves Silva ◽  
Angélica Cosenza
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Participatory Management ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Science

Abstract Far from studying only beings from the past, Paleontology is a current science which can situate human existence in the context of the global environmental crisis before inequalities and socio-environmental conflicts which occur in Brazilian paleontological sites. Aiming to discuss possible connections between Paleontology and Environmental Justice, this essay arises from a survey on environmental conflicts existing in the paleontological sites in Minas Gerais. Stemming from the issues found and the contribution of the Political Ecology theoretical framework, the struggle for territory and decoloniality is discussed as crucial dimensions for a view that seeks to restore the populations’ right to their (paleo) territories. The connections between these fields are presented here as references for the fight against the social inequalities found in paleontological sites, such as those in Minas Gerais, and for the inclusion of their communities in participatory management.

scholarly journals La violencia y lo político. Una reflexión sobre la violencia como productora de subjetividades políticas

2020 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ernesto Treviño Ronzón
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
The Political ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Political Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Sciences Sociales

Este ensayo se basa en los resultados de dos proyectos de investigación sobre violencia, política y políticas en México, que han aportado material para discutir la función politizante de la violencia desde el ángulo de lo político. Se trata de una reflexión conceptual que en la actualidad cruza diferentes ámbitos de las ciencias sociales y las humanidades. El argumento a desarrollar es que en algunas sociedades donde la agresión, la victimización y la delincuencia alcanzan niveles altos y constantes, la violencia hace patente su función en la disolución y constitución tanto de estructuras, relaciones, identidades y sujetos, como en la inclusión y exclusión social. En esta lógica, es posible afirmar que, en ciertos contextos, la violencia tiene una función ontológica y política. Para explorar esta tesis, el texto recorre, en primera instancia, las preocupaciones de algunos filósofos interesados en la violencia; en segundo término y a manera de focalización, recupera algunos estudios contemporáneos sobre la violencia dirigida a la población joven en México y América Latina, que sirven como referencia para el debate de la politización a partir de elementos conceptuales desarrollados por pensadores contemporáneos.Palabras clave: Violencia, Lo político, Politización, Subjetividad, VíctimasViolence and the political. A reflection on violence as a producer of political subjectivitiesAbstractThis article is based on the results of two research projects on violence, politics and public policies in México, which have provided material to discuss the politicizing function of violence from the political angle. It is a conceptual reflection that currently crosses different areas of the social sciences and the humanities. The argument to be developed is that in some societies where aggression, victimization and delinquency reach high and constant levels, violence makes clear its role in the dissolution and constitution of structures, relationships, identities and subjects, as well as in inclusion and social exclusion. In this sense, it is possible to say that, in certain contexts, violence has an ontological and political function. To explore this thesis, the text covers, in the first place, the concerns of some philosophers interested in violence; secondly, and as a focus, it recovers some contemporary studies on violence directed at the young population in Mexico and Latin America, which serve as a reference for the debate on politicization based on conceptual elements developed by contemporary thinkers.Key words: Violence, The political, Politicization, Subjectivity, VictimsLa violence et le politique. Une réflexion sur la violence comme productrice de subjectivités politiquesCet essai est basé dans des résultats de deux projets de recherche sur violence et politique et politiques au Mexique, qui ont apporté du matériel pour discuter la fonction politisante de la violence depuis l’angle du politique. Il s’agit d’une réflexion conceptuelle qui actuellement croise différents domaines des sciences sociales et des humanités.L’argument à développer est que dans quelques sociétés où l’agression, la victimisation et la délinquance atteignent des hauts et constants niveaux, la violence manifeste sa fonction dans la dissolution et constitution aussi de structures, de  relations, d’identités et de sujets que d’inclusion et d’exclusion sociale.Dans cette logique, il est possible d’affirmer que, dans certains contextes, la violence a une fonction ontologique et politique. Pour explorer cette thèse, le texte parcourt, premièrement, les préoccupations de quelques philosophes intéressés dans la violence ; en deuxième terme et comme focalisation, il récupère quelques études contemporaines sur la violence dirigée à la population jeune au Mexique et en Amérique Latine, qui servent comme référence pour le débat de la politisation à partir d’éléments conceptuels développés par des penseurs contemporains.Mots Clé: Violence, Le politique, Politisation, Subjectivité, Victimes

scholarly journals CONTAMINAÇÃO DO SOLO E CONFLITOS: O CASO DA EMPRESA CENTRESDOI: 10.5773/rgsa.v4i3.332

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Finamore
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The City

Problemas de contaminação ambiental do solo, quando socialmente percebidos, geralmente suscitam conflitos socioambientais, tendo em vista as incertezas quanto aos seus possíveis riscos e impactos na saúde humana e nos ecossistemas. Além disso, tais problemas também evidenciam a distribuição desigual de riscos e impactos ambientais pela sociedade – sobrecarregando grupos sociais mais vulneráveis –, conforme articulado pela noção de (in)justiça ambiental. Desta forma, o presente artigo contextualiza a problemática da contaminação do solo no âmbito da gestão ambiental, ao mesmo tempo em que a relaciona com a ocorrência de conflitos socioambientais. Para tanto, utiliza-se como estudo de caso principal o evento de contaminação por resíduos industriais decorrente das ações da empresa CENTRES no município de Queimados, RJ. Ao final, ressalta-se a importância do reconhecimento da dimensão do conflito socioambiental inerente aos problemas de contaminação do solo, de maneira a estimular processos democráticos e participativos de gestão dos mesmos, incorporando os grupos sociais afetados em todas as etapas destes processos, e, assim, deslocar o problema do domínio meramente técnico-científico para um mais ampliado, que leve em consideração a perspectiva social. Palavras-chave: Contaminação do Solo; Conflitos Socioambientais; Gestão Ambiental; Justiça Ambiental. ABSTRACT Soil contamination is an environmental issue which often raises social environmental conflicts, mainly because of the uncertainties related to the risks and impacts to human health and the ecosystems. Besides, it also demonstrates the unequal distribution of risks and impacts through the society – affecting mainly certain social groups which are more vulnerable –, as shown by the notion of environmental justice. Therefore, the present paper gives us an overview of the soil contamination issue and its implications to the environmental management and, at the same time, it highlights the social environmental conflicts related. In this way, a case study is analyzed, the event of soil contamination by the CENTRES enterprise in the city of Queimados, RJ, Brazil. At the end, special emphasis is given to the necessity of recognizing the dimension of social environmental conflict which is inherent to the cases of soil contamination, in order to stimulate social participative approaches of management, incorporating the affected people in all of the stages. By doing so, the problem will be dislocated from the technical and scientific domain to an extended one, which takes into account social issues. Keywords:Soil Contamination; Social Environmental Conflicts; Environmental Management; Environmental Justice.

scholarly journals Conflictos socio-ambientales en la sociedad moderna: aportes de la ecología política Latinoamericana y la teoría de la acción comunicativa

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Felipe Cárcamo ◽  
Rodrigo Mena
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Theory Of Communicative Action ◽  
Multiple Causes

Modern society's socio-environmental conflicts result from multiple causes, and responding to them is a complex, multidisciplinary venture. This article contributes to the understanding of that complexity, with a discussion of the main analytical keys that political ecology has used for the study of socio-environmental conflicts in Latin America. The article shows the important role that communication takes in this process, and argues that the Theory of Communicative Action can contribute to the political ecological analysis of socio-environmental conflicts in modern society, and can identify paths that allow the establishment of new alternative projects.Palabras clave: Socio-environmental conflicts, political ecology, Latin America, communicative action, modern society, alternative projects 

Memorias de Sostenibilidad en América Latina: instrumento de información de la Responsabilidad Social de las Empresas

Oikos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (32) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ma. Angélica Garza Arroyo ◽  
María Aurelia Bocanegra Noriega
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Data Base ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Sustainability Report

RESUMENEl desarrollo sostenible es manejado como uno de los puntos importantes en las agendas del siglo XXI, es un concepto que las empresas deben contemplar en las actividades que realizan para cumplir con la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. El presente trabajo pretende abordar los aspectos teóricos sobre las Memorias de Sostenibilidad así como mostrar que pueden ser consideradas como un instrumento de información de la Responsabilidad Social de las Empresas. Se hace un estudio en la base de datos de la Corporate Register del 2006 al 2011 respecto de la presentación de las Memorias de Sostenibilidad en América Latina; el reporte es de corte cualitativo de carácter descriptivo, con un análisis deductivo. Se puede percibir en el estudio que es de carácter exploratorio que las empresas de América Latina han incrementado de manera significativa la presentación de Memorias de Sostenibilidad así como un incremento en el número de empresas que las realizan, además de contemplar a la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial como parte de su misión y visión.Palabras clave: memorias de sostenibilidad, Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, América Latina. Memories of Sustainability in Latin America: instrument of information of the Social Responsibility of the CompaniesABSTRACTThe sustainable development is managed to be one of the important aspects in the planners of 21th century, it is a concept that companies have to contemplate in the activities they realize to achieve corporate social responsibility. this work pretends to raise the teoric aspects about sustainability report, and to show that they can be considered as an information instrument of social responsibility of the companies. a study has to be done in the data base of corporate register from 2006 to 2011 about the presentation of the sustainability report in Latin America; the report is qualitative and descriptive kind, with deductive analysis. in the study it can be perceived that is explorative that companies in Latin America have increased in a significative way the presentation of sustainability report, just as an increase in the number of companies that realize them, besides contemplating corporate social responsibility as part of their mission and vision.Keywords: sustainability report, Corporate Social Responsibility, Latin America.

scholarly journals Dialogues between social and natural sciences: contribution to the debate on socio-environmental conflicts

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2335-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Milanez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mining Projects ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Social Environmental

ABSTRACT In this article, I argue that attempting to solve real problems is a possible approach to bring social and natural sciences together, and suggest that - as Environmental Impact Assessment necessarily brings together social and environmental issues - this debate is a strong candidate for such a task. The argument is based on a general discussion about the possibilities and limitations of Environmental Impact Assessments, the social-environmental impacts of mining activities and three case studies. The analysis of the cases indicates possibilities and limitations of the dialogue between scientists from various areas - and of the collaboration with social movements and affected communities - in avoiding negative impacts of mining projects and, eventually, increasing their sustainability.

Devbans, Caste, Gender and the State:Political Ecology of a Sacred Grove of Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 239448112110203
Author(s):  
Supriya Rani ◽  
Neera Agnimitra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
The Social

Devbans are the parts of forest territory that have been traditionally conserved in reverence to the local deities in various parts of Himachal Pradesh. Today, they stand at the intersection of tradition and modernity. This paper endeavours to study the political ecology of a Devban in the contemporary times by looking at the power dynamics between various stakeholders with respect to their relative decision making power in the realm of managing the Devban of Parashar Rishi Devta. It further looks at howcertain political and administrative factors can contribute towards the growth or even decline of any Devban. The study argues that in the contemporary times when the capitalist doctrines have infiltrated every sphere of the social institutions including the religion, Devbans have a greater probability of survival when both the state and the community have shared conservatory idealsand powers to preserve them.

scholarly journals Importancia de la educación ambiental en la gestión del riesgo socio-natural en cinco países de América Latina y el Caribe

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Martha Melizza Ordóñez-Díaz ◽  
Luisa María Montes-Arias ◽  
Giovanna Del Pilar Garzón-Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Legislative Organization ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Post Disaster

Considering environmental education as a social tool allowing individuals to achieve a significant knowledge of the inhabited environment, to reduce the probability of occurrence of a disaster, and to respond to the presence of natural phenomena to which people are vulnerable, this article aims to generate a space for reflection on the importance of environmental education in the management of the social and natural risk in five countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. For this purpose, the paper presents a descriptive review of primary and secondary bibliographical sources referring to the performance of the management of social and natural risks related to environmental education in Colombia, Nicaragua, Mexico, Chile, and Jamaica between 1994 and 2015. In this period, a solid administrative and legislative organization of this management and environmental education is evident, but these two themes are clearly separated when implementing citizen projects: a situation that has generated shortcomings in the management of natural disasters, specifically under the principles of precaution and prevention. For this reason, this article offers a series of recommendations that include the dissemination of information, the creation of centers for the management of risk reduction, the strengthening of communication strategies, and the establishment of response plans and post-disaster recovery. 

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