Reframing the Intercultural Dialogue on Human Rights: A Philosophical Approach by Jeffrey Flynn

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-303
Author(s):  
Loubna El Amine
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Palazzani

L’articolo analizza, nella prospettiva filosofica, i percorsi intrapresi dalla bioetica in rapporto al pluralismo culturale, discutendo criticamente i principali orientamenti di pensiero del dibattito attuale. Il punto di partenza è l’imperialismo culturale, quale posizione etnocentrica che assolutizza la cultura (ritenuta, in modo unilaterale, la migliore) marginalizzando le altre. L’orientamento opposto è quello del relativismo culturale che considera la bioetica il prodotto storico-sociale della cultura di appartenenza, proponendo il principio di tolleranza inteso nel senso di sopportazione pragmatica di ogni cultura, ritenuta equivalente rispetto a qualsiasi altra. Alla luce delle incongruenze dell’imperialismo culturale (che finisce con imporre arbitrariamente la propria come la cultura dominante) e del relativismo culturale (che accettando acriticamente ogni cultura non evita anzi acuisce i conflitti e porta alla separazione delle culture), l’articolo cerca le linee argomentative per giustificare una prospettiva bioetica trans-culturale (nell’orizzonte dei diritti umani fondamentali) che consenta il dialogo interculturale in bioetica come ricerca costruttiva dell’integrazione tra le culture nella ricerca della verità comune nel riconoscimento della dignità umana. ---------- The article analyses, in a philosophical perspective, the bioethical theories as regards cultural pluralism, discussing in a critical way the must important trends of actual debate. It identifies cultural imperialism as the ethnocentrical perspective which makes one culture as absolute (considered the best one), marginalizing the other cultures. As opposite trend, the articles discusses cultural relativism which considers bioethics as an historical and social product of a culture, emphasizing tolerance as a pragmatic principle of acceptance of every culture, without condition. In the light of the objections to imperialism (which impose in an arbitrary way one culture as the best one) and cultural relativism (which accepts any culture without condition with conflicts and separation of cultures as consequences) the article looks for arguments able to justify a transcultural bioethics (in the perspective of fundamental human rights) which permits intercultural dialogue in bioethics as a constructive research of integration of cultures in search of a common truth recognized in respect of human dignity.


Author(s):  
Antonio Perez-Estevez

Which political and juridical foundation can justify the transit from the Western, particular, to the universal? John Rawls tries to answer this question in his article, "The Law of Peoples," proposing a kind of contract or agreement. A first agreement should be attained among liberal-democratic societies on a few political and social issues such as human rights. Then this agreement can be widened to non-liberal/democratic but well organized hierarchical societies or those that satisfy the requisites of being peaceful, of having a reasonably well organized legal system, of admitting a measure of freedom-political and religious-and of admitting the right of emigration. These two groups of nations would belong to a Society of Nations with the juridical and political duty of fulfilling the few political issues that have been previously accepted. But Rawls' proposal overcomes neither eurocentrism nor western-centrism. It seems that the first circle of liberal democratic nations would decide which peoples satisfy the requirements of the 'well organized hierarchical societies.' This second circle of nations are only invited peoples; they are not supposed to contribute new proposals, but only to accept the proposals of the liberal-democratic nations. I present a new effort to attain human rights through a true universal dialogue in which the representatives of all cultures and peoples can equally speak, make proposals, and listen or accept the proposals of others.


Author(s):  
Antônio Walber Matias Muniz ◽  
Bianca Viana Thomaz ◽  
Taís Vasconcelos Cidrão

Resumo: Através de um estudo predominantemente bibliográfico acerca da correlação entre os institutos dos direitos humanos, da interculturalidade e da diplomacia cultural, o propósito primordial do presente trabalho é apresentar esta última como um instrumento de promoção do diálogo intercultural entre os povos. A escolha do tema adveio da necessidade impreterível da promoção e da proteção eficaz dos direitos humanos sem, contudo, desconsiderar as especificidades culturais de cada Estado. Busca-se superar a polêmica acerca da dicotomia "universalismo x relativismo cultural", propondo-se no seu lugar a interculturalidade. Tendo em vista que a cultura não deve ser utilizada como um empecilho à preponderância dos direitos humanos, tampouco pode ser aceita como uma imposição de valores. Dessa forma, a diplomacia cultural representa um instrumento ideal para a efetivação desse diálogo intercultural a fim de se alcançar uma confluência de chegada, e não de partida. A diplomacia cultural, por sua vez, é capaz de promover a compreensão mútua, a confiança e o respeito entre os povos e, assim, construir um engajamento internacional favorável entre os Estados e um diálogo sobre direitos humanos pautado no respeito e, sobretudo, na diversidade cultural. Defende-se aqui que a interculturalidade, sistematizada na hermenêutica diatópica, no respeito e na valorização da diversidade cultural, é a melhor forma de se propagar os direitos humanos sem causar conflitos secundários e inoportunos, sendo a diplomacia cultural um ótimo instrumento para alcançar esse propósito.  Abstract: Through a predominantly bibliographical study on the correlation between human rights, intercultural and cultural diplomacy, the main purpose of this paper is to present the cultural diplomacy as an instrument to promote intercultural dialogue among people. The choice of theme stemmed from the urgent need for the promotion and effective protection of human rights without, however, disregarding the cultural specificities of each State. It seeks to overcome the polemic about the dichotomy "universalism vs. cultural relativism", proposing instead the interculturality. Given that culture should not be used as a hindrance to the preponderance of human rights, it cannot be accepted as an imposition of values. In this way, cultural diplomacy represents an ideal instrument for the realization of this intercultural dialogue in order to reach a confluence of arrival, not departure. Cultural diplomacy, in turn, is capable of promoting mutual understanding, trust and respect among people and thus building a favorable international engagement among States and a human rights dialogue based on respect and, above all, on the cultural diversity. It is argued here that interculturality, systematized in diatopic hermeneutics, respect for and appreciation of cultural diversity, is the best way to propagate human rights without causing secondary and inopportune conflicts, and cultural diplomacy is an excellent instrument to achieve this.


Author(s):  
Priscilla Gibson

The ally model of social justice is a philosophical approach that is congruent with social work’s values and emphasis on social justice and human rights. Using concepts from multiple identities and social justice, it directs those with privilege to act on behalf of those without privilege who belong to a different social group. It is developmental in nature and contains an extensive list of specific ally characteristics that inform social workers at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and system levels. Despites its limitations, the ally model of social justice is instructive for all social workers regardless of setting as they continue the profession’s mission to eliminate social injustice.


Author(s):  
Susannah Brown

In this paper, the author describes philosophical concepts of adult learning and their application as integrated with creative problem solving within the context of social justice and human rights. The context is framed by the work of the United Nations (1992) which emphasizes importance of women's roles and creativity in the process of forming a global community. Foundational theories (Gardner, 1999; Greene, 1995; Knowles, 1975; Lawrence, 2005; & Vygotsky, 1978) are connected to support this philosophical approach to adult learning. Creative application examples are shared featuring changes in women's education and subsequently their lives such as, a project guided by artist, Vic Muniz (Walker, Jardim, Harley, & Muniz, 2010) and an arts-based education program that changed the lives of incarcerated women in one female correctional facility (Mullen, 1999). The goal of this paper is to provide examples of how creativity and arts-based learning can be integrated within adult education promoting social justice and human rights.


2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Zaprulkhan Zaprulkhan

<p>Nowadays, Muslims are facing various contemporary problems related to the discourse of fiqh or Islamic law. In this case, the old tradition of Islamic jurisprudence is no longer sufficient to answer those problems due to the changes in the context of space, time, culture, and contemporary sciences. Any effort to renew the aspect of methodology must be done in the field of uṣul al-fiqh not only in Islamic jurisprudence. This is the reason that methodological reconstruction is needed in order to make it is able to accommodate the various problems that are disturbing Muslims today. One of Muslim scholars who tried to reconstruct at the level of the methodology of maqāṣid al-shariah is Jasser Auda. For the purpose of reconstructing maqāṣid al-shariah fundamentally, Auda uses a philosophical approach that is multidisciplinary as well as open with various other relevant disciplines as a methodological framework for reforming the study of uṣul al-fiqh and Islamic law. Applying philosophical and historical approach this study found that Auda reconstructs maqāṣid al-shariah by offering six features: cognitive nature, wholeness, openness, interrelated hierarchy, multidimensionality, and purposefulness. Furthermore, Auda gives contribution to the development of Islamic law and human rights. This paper will explore reconstruction as well as the contribution of maqāṣid al-shariah promoted by Auda through the approach of the philosophy of the system.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 357-373
Author(s):  
Narbal de Marsillac

If the universalization of human rights represents for some a glorious victory of the legal culture of the last century, for others, however, it mirrors failure and is linked to the last breaths of a type of legal rationality that had sought, albeit in a well-intentioned way, maximum expansion of the scope of these rights by the related search for ultimate and definitive foundations. The hypothesis that was raised here is that without realizing and allowing itself to be guided by supposedly universal and therefore arethorical moral criteria, it discredited intercultural dialogue and despised what is unique and endemic in minority cultures, legitimizing exclusion or subordinate inclusion. Cannibalizing, Thus, through rhetoric with apoditic pretensions (arhetorical rhetoric), the other countless grammars of dignity that still prevail in the plural world we inhabit. The objective here is, therefore, to denounce, using the method of rhetorical analysis, this process of cannibalization, subsumption and contempt for the understanding of a world that is extraneous to that kind of worldview that underlies the universal theories of human rights.


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