“We Cubans Are Obligated Like Cats to Have a Clean Face”: Malaria, Quarantine, and Race in Neocolonial Cuba, 1898-1940

In a paper presented to the Academy of Medical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Havana on December 14, 1923, Dr. Jorge LeRoy y Cassá identified the “unsanitary immigration” to Cuba of Haitians and British West Indians as his country's most pressing health problem. “Those undesirable elements,” he contended, had introduced malaria, smallpox, typhoid fever, and intestinal parasites into eastern Cuba, maladies which then spread to the rest of the island. Through their “vices,” “violent crimes,” and “nefarious practices of brujerí;a [witchcraft],” in fact, Afro-Caribbean immigrants constituted a “double threat”—moral as well as physical—to the health of the Cuban nation. Somewhat surprisingly, the man who was later hailed as the “Father of Cuban Sanitary Statistics” mustered no direct evidence to support his condemnation of West Indian immigration on medical grounds. But such proof was hardly necessary for his esteemed audience. Although the medical doctors and public health officials assembled before LeRoy y Cassa at the Academy of Sciences may have differed on the issue of prohibiting.

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EYE ON CHINA

Asia-Pacific Biotech News ◽

10.1142/s0219030316000409 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (06) ◽

pp. 4-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Strategic Partnership ◽

Xi Jinping ◽

Manufacturing Facility ◽

Global Science ◽

Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽

Research Findings ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

Commercialisation Of Research

JHL Biotech Opens Innovative Biosimilars Manufacturing Facility in China Chinese Researchers Find Direct Evidence that Zika Causes Microcephaly in Mice President Xi Jinping Stresses Science and Technology Intertek CEO Visits China and Signs Strategic Partnership with CCIC and CQC to Promote Technical Innovation and Quality Assurance Chinese Academy of Sciences Tops Global Science Institutions Gene Decides How Young We Look China Makes Plan to Accelerate Commercialisation of Research Findings HONG KONG NEWS – Prenetics Launches iGenes Test with Quality HealthCares HONG KONG NEWS – ORI Healthcare Fund Invests in Pillar Biosciences

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Archaeoparasitology — a new source of reconstruction of migrations of ancient populations: opportunities, results, and prospects

VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII ◽

10.20874/2071-0437-2021-54-3-12 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147-162

Author(s):

S.M. Slepchenko

Keyword(s):

Direct Evidence ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Head Louse ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

American Continent ◽

Modern Times ◽

In The Beginning ◽

The Impact ◽

Source Of Information ◽

Visual Light

The resilience of intestinal parasite ova to harsh environmental conditions and possibility of identification of many of them down to genus/species with the aid of conventional visual light microscopy make parasites an im-portant source of information on different aspects of life of ancient populations. Of special interest is the study of the phenomenon of parasitoidism aimed at reconstruction of ancient human migrations. Ectoparasites (the head louse) and a range of intestinal parasites of such groups as the helminths, tapeworms, and trematodes can be used as a marker of contacts and/or migration of people. Finding helminth ova in ancient samples collected in territories outside the endemic pockets can be direct evidence of contacts and/or migrations of the ancient popu-lation. An example of reconstruction of such migrations is given by, for instance, finding ova of the ascarids and whipworm on the territories of the Far North, mountainous Altai, deserts of the Central Asia etc. A remarkable example of migrations, according to the archaeoparasitology data, is the use of the helminths as a marker of an-cient human migrations, with the example of population of the American continent. It is noteworthy that almost a century old archaeoparasitology data find confirmation in the results of modern paleogenetic studies. In the recent decades, there have been review publications concerned with the finds of ova of various parasitic organisms in archaeological sites, many of which consolidated archaeoparasitology materials dealing with specific intestinal parasites, the impact of the parasites on the human evolution and their (viz., parasites and human) coevolution, and spread of the parasitic diseases as a result of climate changes both in ancient and modern times. All the works, without exception, emphasize the importance of archaeoparasitology data for the deeper understanding of these processes. However, although the first works on the reconstruction of migrations from parasitological data were published back in the beginning of the last century, the research works substantiating this approach and demonstrating its viability appeared only early in this century and elucidated biological pre-requisites for the re-construction of migrations. Therefore, new broad consolidation of the materials on the reconstruction of migrations from the data of archaeoparasitology is motivated not only by the need of reconsideration of already existing and new data, but also by the need of examination and verification of the archaeoparasitology facts in the context of the genetic data, archaeology, anthropology etc.

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INTESTINAL PARASITES IN EASTERN CUBA

Southern Medical Journal ◽

10.1097/00007611-192112000-00005 ◽

1921 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 971-973 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. NEDERGAARD

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Eastern Cuba

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The Immuno-Electron Microscopic Localization of the Mo-Fe Protein Component of Nitrogenase in Cells of Azotobacter Vinelandii

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100073313 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 574-575

Author(s):

J. T. Stasny ◽

R. C. Burns ◽

R. W. F. Hardy

Keyword(s):

Cellular Localization ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽

Intracellular Localization ◽

Protein Component ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Fe Protein ◽

Intracytoplasmic Membranes

Structure-functlon studies of biological N2-fixation have correlated the presence of the enzyme nitrogenase with increased numbers of intracytoplasmic membranes in Azotobacter. However no direct evidence has been provided for the internal cellular localization of any nitrogenase. Recent advances concerned with the crystallizatiorTand the electron microscopic characterization of the Mo-Fe protein component of Azotobacter nitrogenase, prompted the use of this purified protein to obtain antibodies (Ab) to be conjugated to electron dense markers for the intracellular localization of the protein by electron microscopy. The present study describes the use of ferritin conjugated to goat antitMo-Fe protein immunoglobulin (IgG) and the observations following its topical application to thin sections of N2-grown Azotobacter.

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Structural similarity of ribosomes from E. coli and A. salina

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082078 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 242-243

Author(s):

M. Boublik ◽

R.M. Wydro ◽

W. Hellmann ◽

F. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Carbon Support ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Biological Assays ◽

E Coli ◽

And Function ◽

Fine Carbon

Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein particles necessary for processing the genetic information of mRNA into proteins. Analogy in composition and function of ribosomes from diverse species, established by biochemical and biological assays, implies their structural similarity. Direct evidence obtained by electron microscopy seems to be of increasing relevance in understanding the structure of ribosomes and the mechanism of their role in protein synthesis.The extent of the structural homology between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes has been studied on ribosomes of Escherichia coli (E.c.) and Artemia salina (A.s.). Despite the established differences in size and in the amount and proportion of ribosomal proteins and RNAs both types of ribosomes show an overall similarity. The monosomes (stained with 0.5% aqueous uranyl acetate and deposited on a fine carbon support) appear in the electron micrographs as round particles with a diameter of approximately 225Å for the 70S E.c. (Fig. 1) and 260Å for the 80S A.s. monosome (Fig. 2).

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Stress Relaxation and the Formation of Silicides in the Process of the Crystallization of NI-NB Films on SI

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100088804 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 898-899

Author(s):

N. Rozhanski ◽

V. Lifshitz

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Stress Relaxation ◽

Integrated Circuits ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Alloy Film ◽

Diffusion Barriers ◽

Effective Barrier

Thin films of amorphous Ni-Nb alloys are of interest since they can be used as diffusion barriers for integrated circuits on Si. A native SiO2 layer is an effective barrier for Ni diffusion but it deformation during the crystallization of the alloy film lead to the appearence of diffusion fluxes through it and the following formation of silicides. This study concerns the direct evidence of the action of stresses in the process of the crystallization of Ni-Nb films on Si and the structure of forming NiSi2 islands.

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Point and planar defects in the iron sulfide compounds Fe1-xS

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011221x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 434-435

Author(s):

Thao A. Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Iron Sulfide ◽

Planar Defects ◽

Selective Area ◽

Vacancy Ordering ◽

Different Types ◽

Lattice Images ◽

The Subject ◽

Beam Lattice

It is well known that the large deviations from stoichiometry in iron sulfide compounds, Fe1-xS (0≤x≤0.125), are accommodated by iron vacancies which order and form superstructures at low temperatures. Although the ordering of the iron vacancies has been well established, the modes of vacancy ordering, hence superstructures, as a function of composition and temperature are still the subject of much controversy. This investigation gives direct evidence from many-beam lattice images of Fe1-xS that the 4C superstructure transforms into the 3C superstructure (Fig. 1) rather than the MC phase as previously suggested. Also observed are an intrinsic stacking fault in the sulfur sublattice and two different types of vacancy-ordering antiphase boundaries. Evidence from selective area optical diffractograms suggests that these planar defects complicate the diffraction pattern greatly.

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Evidence for ordered Fe3Ni

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100125981 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 216-217

Author(s):

K.B. Reuter ◽

D.B. Williams ◽

J.I. Goldstein

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Martensitic Transformation ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Transformation Product ◽

Iron Meteorites ◽

X Ray ◽

Ni Content ◽

Temperature Transformation

In the Fe-Ni system, although ordered FeNi and ordered Ni3Fe are experimentally well established, direct evidence for ordered Fe3Ni is unconvincing. Little experimental data for Fe3Ni exists because diffusion is sluggish at temperatures below 400°C and because alloys containing less than 29 wt% Ni undergo a martensitic transformation at room temperature. Fe-Ni phases in iron meteorites were examined in this study because iron meteorites have cooled at slow rates of about 10°C/106 years, allowing phase transformations below 400°C to occur. One low temperature transformation product, called clear taenite 2 (CT2), was of particular interest because it contains less than 30 wtZ Ni and is not martensitic. Because CT2 is only a few microns in size, the structure and Ni content were determined through electron diffraction and x-ray microanalysis. A Philips EM400T operated at 120 kV, equipped with a Tracor Northern 2000 multichannel analyzer, was used.

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Incommensurate modulated phases of the NbxTa1-xTe4 charge density wave system

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100120692 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 58-59

Author(s):

S. Ritchie ◽

J. C. Bennett ◽

A. Prodan ◽

F.W. Boswell ◽

J.M. Corbett

Keyword(s):

Charge Density ◽

Charge Density Wave ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Density Wave ◽

Wave System ◽

Modulated Phases ◽

Metal Atoms ◽

Incommensurate Modulation ◽

End Members ◽

Modulation Wave Vector

A continuous sequence of compounds having composition NbxTa1-xTe4; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 have been studied by electron diffraction and microscopy. Previous studies have shown that the end members of the series, TaTε4 and NbTε4 possess a quasi-one-dimensional character and exhibit charge density wave (CDW) distortions. In these compounds, the subcell structure is tetragonal with axes (a × a × c) and consists of the metal atoms (Nb or Ta) centered within an extended antiprismatic cage of Te atoms. At room temperature, TaTε4 has a commensurate modulation structure with a 2a × 2a × 3c unit cell. In NbTε4, an incommensurate modulation with × ∼ 16c axes is observed. Preliminary studies of the mixed compounds NbxTα1-xTε4 showed a discontinuous jump of the modulation wave vector commensurate to incommensurate when the Nb dopant concentration x, exceeded x ≃ 0.3, In this paper, the nature of the compositional dependence of is studied in greater detail and evidence is presented for a stepwise variation of . This constitutes the first direct evidence for a Devil's staircase in CDW materials.

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