Functional Adaptation to Loading of a Single Bone Is Neuronally Regulated and Involves Multiple Bones

The problem of research is very current for several reasons. Namely, the dominant approach on the basis of which are based all have developed and established theories of European integration, developing modern theories of international relations is a realistic basis. Neo-functionalism, inter-guvernmentalism, neo-liberalism, institutionalism (in most of its variants) as the most developed branches of the theory of European integration, despite differences in their settings to keep the basic premise that states are rational, unitary actors, whose interest stems from the assessment of their position in the system of states. For our study caused a special interest model of constructivism using Habermas theory of communicative action according to which entities in mutual interaction is open to other arguments and their validity appreciate having regard to the outgoing reasons and norms on which they are based, thereby seeking consensus as a common goal. Apply to the European Union, this approach allows European institutions were perceived as a place of discussion to reach consensus on solving common problems, rather than just the arena for bargaining. Functional adaptation to the numerous petitions which sets the European Union, requires thorough and integrated activities in the economic, institutional, administrative and legislative spheres. This process should be understood as a continuous, painstaking and long process, not a single radical surgery. Republic of Macedonia, as countries aspiring for membership in the European family must meet the political and economic criteria and to adapt political institutions in the country with those of the European Union and their needs and requirements. The aim of this paper is to perceive the key features and trends in the politics of enlargement and to make a comparison between the policy of expansion applied in the process of accession Central and Eastern Europe and the policy of expansion in the process of stabilization and association, with special emphasis on the Republic of Macedonia. Of course, previously been necessary to develop theoretical and practical approach to the concept of policy integration, development and its major elements and modalities.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Barrier-tissue macrophages: functional adaptation to environmental challenges.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.732083739.793541159 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Stuart Tobet ◽

Luke Schwerdtfeger

Keyword(s):

Functional Adaptation ◽

Environmental Challenges

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Relationship Between Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity and Inflammatory Response in Lichen Planus

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.3.6189 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 739-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Madalina Irina Mitran ◽

Ilinca Nicolae ◽

Corina Daniela Ene ◽

Cristina Iulia Mitran ◽

Clara Matei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Inflammatory Process ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Functional Adaptation ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Gamma Glutamyl ◽

Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Chemicals used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers have been associated with undesirable side effects such as itching or skin lesions and it seems that they are involved in the induction of pathological processes such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Lichen planus (LP) can be regarded as an inflammatory disorder, chemical and physical factors playing an important role in the perpetuation of the inflammatory process. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an important role in the preservation of skin architecture and modulation of skin inflammation. In this study, we found that GGT activity is increased in LP patients with mild inflammation, whilst GGT is inactivated under conditions of severe inflammation. Therefore, GGT is involved in the inflammatory process, but there is no a positive correlation between its activity and the intensity of the inflammatory response. This functional adaptation of the enzyme may be due to down-regulation of its synthesis under free radical overload conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of intracellular redox homeostasis is an important step in the pharmacological management of patients with LP.

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Morphometric Studies on The Tarsal Bones of Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.v12i2.3734 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sanjay Kumar Bharti ◽

Ishwer Singh ◽

Balwinder Singh Dhote ◽

Om Prakash Choudhary ◽

Meena Mrigesh

Keyword(s):

Average Height ◽

Internal Part ◽

Tarsal Bones ◽

Single Bone

A study was carried out on the tarsal bones of blue bull. The tarsus of blue bull consisted of five bones i.e., tibial tarsal (Astragalus), fibular tarsal (Oscalcis), fused central and fourth tarsal (Scaphocuboid), first tarsal (Cunciformparvum) and second and third tarsal fused (Cuseiform magnum).The average height and breadth of tibial tarsal was 6.81±0.01 cm and 3.84±0.01 cm, respectively. The fibular tarsal was the longest, elongated bone of the tarsus and flattened from side to side with an average height and breadth 12.00±0.01 cm and 3.72±0.01 cm, respectively. The central and the fourth tarsalswere fused together to form a large single bone. The average height and breadth for central and fourth fused tarsal was 2.54±0.01 cm and 5.11±0.01 cm, respectively. The first tarsal was a quadrilateral piece of bone placed at the postero-internal part of the tarsus. The length and maximum breadth of first tarsal was 2.14±0.01 cm and 3.32±0.01 cm, respectively. The second and third fused tarsal was a small plate of bone having length and breadth of second and third fused tarsal 1.68±0.01 cm and 3.34±0.01 cm, respectively.

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Single-bone versus both-bone plating of unstable paediatric both-bone forearm fractures. A randomized controlled clinical trial

International Orthopaedics ◽

10.1007/s00264-021-05097-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Khaled ◽

Amr A. Fadle ◽

Ahmed Khalil Attia ◽

Andrew Sami ◽

Abdelkhalek Hafez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Operative Time ◽

Forearm Fractures ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Fracture Union ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Bone Fixation ◽

Fixation Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Single Bone

Abstract Purpose This clinical trial compares the functional and radiological outcomes of single-bone fixation to both-bone fixation of unstable paediatric both-bone forearm fractures. Methods This individually randomized two-group parallel clinical trial was performed following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement at a single academic tertiary medical centre with an established paediatric orthopaedics unit. All children aged between nine and 15 years who presented to the emergency department at Assiut university with unstable diaphyseal, both-bone forearm fractures requiring surgical intervention between November 1, 2018, and February 28, 2020, were screened for eligibility against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were diaphyseal unstable fractures defined as shaft fractures between the distal and proximal metaphyses with an angulation of > 10°, and/or malrotation of > 30°, and/or displacement > 10 mm after attempted closed reduction. Exclusion criteria included open fractures, Galeazzi fractures, Monteggia fractures, radial head fractures, and associated neurovascular injuries. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized to either the single-bone fixation group (intervention) or the both-bone fixation group (control). Primary outcomes were forearm range of motion and fracture union, while secondary outcomes were forearm function (price criteria), radius re-angulation, wrist and elbow range of motion, and surgical time Results A total of 50 children were included. Out of these 50 children, 25 were randomized to either arm of the study. All children in either group received the treatment assigned by randomization. Fifty (100%) children were available for final follow-up at six months post-operatively. The mean age of single-bone and both-bone fixation groups was 11.48 ± 1.93 and 13 ± 1.75 years, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.006). There were no statistically significant differences in gender, laterality, affection of the dominant hand, or mode of trauma between single-bone and both-bone fixation groups. All patients in both groups achieved fracture union. There mean radius re-angulation of the single-bone fixation groups was 5.36 ± 4.39 (0–20) degrees, while there was no radius re-angulation in the both-bone fixation group, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The time to union in the single-bone group was 6.28 ± 1.51 weeks, while the time to union in the both-bone fixation group was 6.64 ± 1.75 weeks, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.44). There were no infections or refractures in either group. In the single-bone fixation group, 24 (96%) patients have regained their full forearm ROM (loss of ROM < 15°), while only one (4%) patient lost between 15 and 30° of ROM. In the both-bone fixation group, 23 (92%) patients have regained their full forearm ROM (loss of ROM < 15°), while only two (8%) patients lost between 15 and 30° of ROM. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in loss of forearm ROM (p = 0.55). All patients in both groups regained full ROM of their elbow and wrist joints. On price grading, 24 (96%) and 23 (92%) patients who underwent single bone fixation and both-bone fixation scored excellent, respectively. Only one (4%) patient in the single-bone fixation group and two (8%) patients in the both-bone fixation group scored good, with no statistically significant difference in price score between groups (p = 0.49). The majority of the patients from both groups had no pain on the numerical pain scale; 22 (88%) patients in the single-bone fixation group and 21 (84%) patients in the both-bone fixation groups, with no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.38). The single-bone fixation group had a significantly shorter mean operative time in comparison to both-bones plating (43.60 ± 6.21 vs. 88.60 ± 10.56 (min); p < 0.001). Conclusion Single-bone ulna open reduction and plate fixation and casting are safe and had a significantly shorter operative time than both-bone fixation. However, single-bone ORIF had a higher risk radius re-angulation, alas clinically acceptable. Both groups had equally excellent functional outcomes, forearm ROM, and union rates with no complications or refractures. Long-term studies are required.

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Sex-specific functional adaptation of the femoral diaphysis to body composition

American Journal of Human Biology ◽

10.1002/ajhb.23123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. e23123 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alizé Lacoste Jeanson ◽

Frédéric Santos ◽

Ján Dupej ◽

Jana Velemínská ◽

Jaroslav Brůžek

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Functional Adaptation ◽

Femoral Diaphysis

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Exercise-mitigated gender-based differences in aging: From genetic alterations to heart performance

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00643.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Denise Börzsei ◽

Daniel Priksz ◽

Renáta Szabó ◽

Mariann Bombicz ◽

Zoltán Karácsonyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Function ◽

Protein A ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Functional Adaptation ◽

Voluntary Exercise ◽

Female Rats ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Calcium Balance ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Heart Performance

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases dramatically increases with age, therefore striving to maintain a physiological heart function became particularly important. We aimed to study the voluntary exercise evoked cardioprotective effects in aged male and female rats, from genetic alterations to changes in heart performance. We divided 20-month-old female and male Wistar rats to control and running groups. After the 12-week-long experimental period, echocardiographic measurements were performed. Afterwards, hearts were either removed for biochemical measurements or mounted into a Langendorff-perfusion system to detect infarct size. The following genes and their proteins were analyzed from heart: catechol-O-methyltransferase (Comt), endothelin-1 (Esm1), Purkinje cell protein-4 (Pcp4), and osteoglycin (Ogn). Recreational exercise caused functional improvements; however, changes were more prominent in males. Cardiac expression of Comt and Ogn were reduced as a result of exercise in aged males, while Pcp4 and Esm1 showed a marked overexpression, along with a markedly improved diastolic function. The key result of this study is that exercise enhanced the expression of the Pcp4 gene and protein, a recently described regulator of calcium balance in cardiomyocytes, and suppressed Comt and Ogn gene expression, that has been associated with impaired cardiac function. In addition, as a result of exercise, a significant improvement was observed in the size of infarct elicited by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Our results clearly show that age and sex-dependent changes were both apparent in key proteins linked to cardiovascular physiology. Exercise-moderated fundamental genetic alterations may have contributed to the functional adaptation of the heart.

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