scholarly journals Exercise-mitigated gender-based differences in aging: From genetic alterations to heart performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Börzsei ◽  
Daniel Priksz ◽  
Renáta Szabó ◽  
Mariann Bombicz ◽  
Zoltán Karácsonyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Function ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Heart Performance

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases dramatically increases with age, therefore striving to maintain a physiological heart function became particularly important. We aimed to study the voluntary exercise evoked cardioprotective effects in aged male and female rats, from genetic alterations to changes in heart performance. We divided 20-month-old female and male Wistar rats to control and running groups. After the 12-week-long experimental period, echocardiographic measurements were performed. Afterwards, hearts were either removed for biochemical measurements or mounted into a Langendorff-perfusion system to detect infarct size. The following genes and their proteins were analyzed from heart: catechol-O-methyltransferase (Comt), endothelin-1 (Esm1), Purkinje cell protein-4 (Pcp4), and osteoglycin (Ogn). Recreational exercise caused functional improvements; however, changes were more prominent in males. Cardiac expression of Comt and Ogn were reduced as a result of exercise in aged males, while Pcp4 and Esm1 showed a marked overexpression, along with a markedly improved diastolic function. The key result of this study is that exercise enhanced the expression of the Pcp4 gene and protein, a recently described regulator of calcium balance in cardiomyocytes, and suppressed Comt and Ogn gene expression, that has been associated with impaired cardiac function. In addition, as a result of exercise, a significant improvement was observed in the size of infarct elicited by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Our results clearly show that age and sex-dependent changes were both apparent in key proteins linked to cardiovascular physiology. Exercise-moderated fundamental genetic alterations may have contributed to the functional adaptation of the heart.

scholarly journals Chronic Stress During Adolescence Blunts the Exercise-Induced Expression of Thyroid Hormone-Target Genes in Metabolically Active Tissues of Male and Female Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A974-A974
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Parra-Montes de Oca ◽  
Karen Lissette Garduño-Morales ◽  
Patricia Joseph-Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Hpt Axis

Abstract Voluntary exercise activates HPT axis1, that contributes to energy mobilization and energy expenditure. Chronic stress in adulthood inhibits HPT response to voluntary wheel running in a sex dependent manner, inhibiting lipolysis of WAT2. We evaluated the effect of chronic stress during adolescence on HPT axis response to voluntary exercise in adulthood3, with emphasis on metabolic response in skeletal muscle and WAT. Wistar male and female rats (N=36 per sex) were divided in an undisturbed group (Control, C; n=18) and one chronic variable stress during adolescence group (CVS; n=18) (males: PND 30-70; females: PND 30-60). As adults (males: PND 84; females: PND: 74) rats were divided in: 1) exercise group: rats placed individually in a cage with a running wheel per 14 nights, 2) sedentary group with ad libitum feeding, 3) sedentary pair-fed group offered the same amount of food consumed by the exercised group, and kept in individual cages during 14 nights (6 rats/group). WAT weight was determined at sacrifice, hormones quantified by RIA and ELISA, gene expression by RT-PCR. Exercise-induced loss of fat mass was not detected in CVS rats. Exercise decreased corticosterone levels in C males and females of both treatments, supporting sex difference on HPA axis reprogramming by CVS. HPT axis response to voluntary exercise is attenuated by CVS also in a sex dimorphic manner: CVS decreased Trh expression in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and no changes in thyroid hormones concentration in males, whereas in females, slightly increased TSH, T4 and T3 levels. Sex also influenced the response of skeletal muscle and WAT to CVS. Dio2 and Pgc1a slightly increased expression in skeletal muscle of males, not of females. Adrb3 expression in WAT increased in females, but not in males; exercise-induced stimulation of Hsl expression was not observed in either sex after CVS. These results suggest that CVS imposed during rat adolescence inhibits the responses to voluntary exercise of HPT axis activity of thyroid hormone-targets in WAT and skeletal muscle in sex dependent manner. These changes could lead to reduced mobilization and the utilization of energy fuels coincident with the fatigue observed after exercise in patients with subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism. (Funded: CONACYT 284883, DGAPA IN213419)1Uribe, Endocrinology 155:2020-2030, 2014.2Parra, Front Endocrinol 10(418):1-13, 2019.3Parra, J Endocr Soc 4(Abstract Supp) Abstract SAT-451, 2020.

Comparison of heart function in male and female rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. F. Schaible ◽  
J. Scheuer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Effects of voluntary exercise and sex on multiply-triggered heroin reinstatement in male and female rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 237 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-463
Author(s):  
J. R. Smethells ◽  
A. Greer ◽  
B. Dougen ◽  
M. E. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Estrogen Differentially Affects Expression of Calcium Handling Genes in Female and Male Adult Cardiomyocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Mu ◽  
Pamela Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Heart Function ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Developing Heart ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Premenopausal women have a lower risk of developing heart disease compared with postmenopausal women and age-matched men. However, the debate about whether estrogen is cardioprotective is ongoing due to conflicting results from basic science and clinical trials as well as signaling pathways that make interpretation of effects difficult. Calcium handling in the contracting cells of the heart, the cardiomyocytes, is one of the most important pathways involved in heart function. We sought to determine if calcium-handling genes are regulated by estrogen in a sexually dimorphic manner to explain differences in heart health between men and women.  Cardiomyocytes were isolated from the hearts of healthy male and female rats and were treated with different doses of estrogen (300pM, 10nM). Expression of a set of calcium handling genes was then measured to determine the effect of estrogen. Our results demonstrate that estrogen differentially regulates calcium-handling genes in female and male cells, an effect that is also dose-dependent. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine expression of this comprehensive set of calcium-handling genes in response to estrogen and to consider its effects separately on cardiomyocytes isolated from males and females.

Monosodium glutamate administration early in life alters pineal melatonin nocturnal profile in adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Janaína B Garcia ◽  
Fernanda G Do Amaral ◽  
Daniela C Buonfiglio ◽  
Rafaela FA Vendrame ◽  
Patrícia L Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pineal Melatonin ◽  
Melatonin Synthesis ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Melatonin Production

The pineal gland synthesizes melatonin exclusively at night, which gives melatonin the characteristic of a temporal synchronizer of the physiological systems. Melatonin is a regulator of insulin activities centrally and also peripherally and its synthesis is reduced in diabetes.  Since monosodium glutamate (MSG) is often used to induce the type 2 diabetic and metabolic syndrome in animal models, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the potential effects of MSG given to neonates on the pineal melatonin synthesis in different aged male and female rats. Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with MSG (4mg/g/day) or saline solution (0.9%) from the second to eighth post-natal day. The circadian profiles both melatonin levels and AANAT activity were monitored at different ages. Body weight, naso-anal length, adipose tissues weight, GTT, ITT and serum insulin levels were also evaluated. Typical obesity with the neonatal MSG treatment was observed, indicated by a great increase in adipose depots without a concurrent increase in body weight. MSG treatment did not cause hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance, but induced insulin resistance. An increase of melatonin synthesis at ZT 15 with phase advance was observed in in some animals. The AANAT activity was positively parallel to the melatonin circadian profile. It seems that MSG causes hypothalamic obesity which may increase AANAT activity and melatonin production in pineal gland. These effects were not temporally correlated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia indicating the hypothalamic lesions, particularly in arcuate nucleus induced by MSG in early age, as the principal cause of the increase in melatonin production.

THE PITUITARY AND ADRENAL RESPONSES TO ADMINISTRATION OF OESTRIOL IN GONADECTOMIZED RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Borglin ◽  
L. Bjersing
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT Oestriol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol) is a weakly oestrogenic substance which, however, in contrast to what was formerly believed, is of physiological significance. Its effect is localized largely to the uterine cervix and vagina. Clinical experience argues both for and against an effect on the pituitary gland. This investigation is concerned with the morphological changes in the pituitary gland and adrenal cortex of gonadectomized male and female rats after the injection of oestriol. It was found that oestriol has the same type of action on these glands as other oestrogens, but under the experimental conditions used, this effect proved much weaker than that produced by oestradiol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol).

INDUCTION OF GOITRE BY PTU OR KClO4 IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS. EFFECT OF GONADECTOMY

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jolín ◽  
M. J. Tarin ◽  
M. D. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Content ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Tsh Levels

ABSTRACT Male and female rats of varying ages were placad on a low iodine diet (LID) plus KClO4 or 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) or on the same diet supplemented with I (control rats). Goitrogenesis was also induced with LID plus PTU in gonadectomized animals of both sexes. The weight of the control and goitrogen treated animals, and the weight and iodine content of their thyroids were determined, as well as the plasma PBI, TSH, insulin and glucose levels. The pituitary GH-like protein content was assessed by disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. If goitrogenesis was induced in young rats of both sexes starting with rats of the same age, body weight (B.W.) and pituitary growth hormone (GH) content, it was found that both the males and females developed goitres of the same size. On the contrary, when goitrogenesis was induced in adult animals, it was found that male rats, that had larger B.W. and pituitary GH content than age-paired females, developed larger goitres. However, both male and female rats were in a hypothyroid condition of comparable degree as judged by the thyroidal iodine content and the plasma PBI and TSH levels. When all the data on the PTU or KClO4-treated male and female rats of varying age and B.W. were considered together, it was observed that the weights of the thyroids increased proportionally to B.W. However, a difference in the slope of the regression of the thyroid weight over B.W. was found between male and female rats, due to the fact that adult male rats develop larger goitres than female animals. In addition, in the male rats treated with PTU, gonadectomy decreased the B.W., pituitary content of GH-like protein and, concomitantly, the size of the goitre decreased; an opposite effect was induced by ovariectomy on the female animals. However, when goitrogenesis was induced in weight-paired adult rats of both sexes, the male animals still developed larger goitres than the females. Among all the parameters studied here, the only ones which appeared to bear a consistent relationship with the size of the goitres in rats of different sexes, treated with a given goitrogen, were the rate of body growth and the amount of a pituitary GH-like protein found before the onset of the goitrogen treatment. Moreover, though the pituitary content of the GH-like protein decreased as a consequence of goitrogen treatment, it was still somewhat higher in male that in female animals. The present results suggest that GH may somehow be involved in the mechanism by which male and female rats on goitrogens develop goitres of different sizes, despite equally high plasma TSH levels.

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