scholarly journals High resolution photoacoustic imaging for characterising vascular anatomy and function

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Beard
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals In vivo three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging of the renal vasculature in preclinical rodent models

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (6) ◽  
pp. F1145-F1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide Ogunlade ◽  
John J. Connell ◽  
Jennifer L. Huang ◽  
Edward Zhang ◽  
Mark F. Lythgoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Renal Vasculature ◽  
Preclinical Imaging ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
And Function ◽  
Renal Vascular

Noninvasive imaging of the kidney vasculature in preclinical murine models is important for the assessment of renal development, studying diseases and evaluating new therapies but is challenging to achieve using existing imaging modalities. Photoacoustic imaging is a promising new technique that is particularly well suited to visualizing the vasculature and could provide an alternative to existing preclinical imaging methods for studying renal vascular anatomy and function. To investigate this, an all-optical Fabry-Perot-based photoacoustic scanner was used to image the abdominal region of mice. High-resolution three-dimensional, noninvasive, label-free photoacoustic images of the mouse kidney and renal vasculature were acquired in vivo. The scanner was also used to visualize and quantify differences in the vascular architecture of the kidney in vivo due to polycystic kidney disease. This study suggests that photoacoustic imaging could be utilized as a novel preclinical imaging tool for studying the biology of renal disease.

Crystal Structures of Fragments D and Double-D from Fibrinogen and Fibrin

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (08) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Spraggon ◽  
Stephen Everse ◽  
Russell Doolittle
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
And Function

IntroductionAfter a long period of anticipation,1 the last two years have witnessed the first high-resolution x-ray structures of fragments from fibrinogen and fibrin.2-7 The results confirmed many aspects of fibrinogen structure and function that had previously been inferred from electron microscopy and biochemistry and revealed some unexpected features. Several matters have remained stubbornly unsettled, however, and much more work remains to be done. Here, we review several of the most significant findings that have accompanied the new x-ray structures and discuss some of the problems of the fibrinogen-fibrin conversion that remain unresolved. * Abbreviations: GPR—Gly-Pro-Arg-derivatives; GPRPam—Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-amide; GHRPam—Gly-His-Arg-Pro-amide

The functional vascular anatomy of the swine for research

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812199650
Author(s):  
Joseph Edwards ◽  
Hossam Abdou ◽  
Neerav Patel ◽  
Marta J Madurska ◽  
Kelly Poe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Translational Research ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Translational Research Program ◽  
And Function

Objectives Swine ( Sus Scrofa) are utilized broadly in research settings, given similarities to human vessel size and function; however, there are some important differences for clinicians to understand in order to interpret and perform translational research. This review article uses angiograms acquired in the course of a translational research program to present a description of the functional anatomy of the swine. Methods Digital subtraction angiography and computed tomography angiography were obtained throughout the course of multiple studies utilizing power injection with iodinated contrast. Subtracted two-dimensional images and three-dimensional multiplanar reformations were utilized post image acquisition to create maximal intensity projections and three-dimensional renderings of using open-source software (OsiriX). These imaging data are presented along with vessel measurements for reference. Results An atlas highlighting swine vascular anatomy, with an emphasis on inter-species differences that may influence how studies are conducted and interpreted, was compiled. Conclusions Swine are utilized in broad-reaching fields for preclinical research. While many similarities between human and swine vasculature exist, there are important differences to consider when conducting and interpreting research. This review article highlights these differences and presents accompanying images to inform clinicians gaining experience in swine research.

scholarly journals The structure of the yeast Ctf3 complex

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M Hinshaw ◽  
Andrew N Dates ◽  
Stephen C Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Atomic Model ◽  
Kinetochore Assembly ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Interpretation ◽  
Spindle Microtubules ◽  
And Function ◽  
Assembly Site

Kinetochores are the chromosomal attachment points for spindle microtubules. They are also signaling hubs that control major cell cycle transitions and coordinate chromosome folding. Most well-studied eukaryotes rely on a conserved set of factors, which are divided among two loosely-defined groups, for these functions. Outer kinetochore proteins contact microtubules or regulate this contact directly. Inner kinetochore proteins designate the kinetochore assembly site by recognizing a specialized nucleosome containing the H3 variant Cse4/CENP-A. We previously determined the structure, resolved by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), of the yeast Ctf19 complex (Ctf19c, homologous to the vertebrate CCAN), providing a high-resolution view of inner kinetochore architecture (Hinshaw and Harrison, 2019). We now extend these observations by reporting a near-atomic model of the Ctf3 complex, the outermost Ctf19c sub-assembly seen in our original cryo-EM density. The model is sufficiently well-determined by the new data to enable molecular interpretation of Ctf3 recruitment and function.

scholarly journals Formaldehyde Reacts with Amino Acids and Peptides with a Potential Role in Acute Methanol Intoxication

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 880-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sýkora ◽  
Jindřich Jindřich ◽  
Vladimír Král ◽  
Milan Jakubek ◽  
Ameneh Tatar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Mass Shift ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Igg1 Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Human Igg1 ◽  
And Function

Abstract Methanol, an aliphatic alcohol widely used in the industry, causes acute and chronic intoxications associated with severe long-term health damage, including permanent visual impairment, brain damage, mainly necrosis of the basal ganglia and high mortality due to cancer. However, the role of formaldehyde, an intermediate metabolite of methanol oxidation, in methanol toxicity remains unclear. Thus, we studied the reactivity of several amino acids and peptides in the presence of formaldehyde by identifying products by direct infusion electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization MS. Cysteine, homocysteine and two peptides, CG and CGAG, provided cyclic products with a +12 amu mass shift with respect to the original compounds. The proposed structures of the products were confirmed by high-resolution tandem MS. Moreover, the formation of the products with +12 amu mass shift was also shown for two biologically relevant peptides, fragments of ipilimumab, which is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. Overall, our experimental results indicate that formaldehyde reacts with some amino acids and peptides, yielding covalently modified structures. Such chemical modifications may induce undesirable changes in the properties and function of vital biomolecules (e.g., hormones, enzymes) and consequently pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Automatic Segmentation of the Dorsal Claustrum in Humans Using in vivo High-Resolution MRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Berman ◽  
Roey Schurr ◽  
Gal Atlan ◽  
Ami Citri ◽  
Aviv A Mezer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
High Resolution Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Function

Abstract The claustrum is a thin sheet of neurons enclosed by white matter and situated between the insula and the putamen. It is highly interconnected with sensory, frontal, and subcortical regions. The deep location of the claustrum, with its fine structure, has limited the degree to which it could be studied in vivo. Particularly in humans, identifying the claustrum using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extremely challenging, even manually. Therefore, automatic segmentation of the claustrum is an invaluable step toward enabling extensive and reproducible research of the anatomy and function of the human claustrum. In this study, we developed an automatic algorithm for segmenting the human dorsal claustrum in vivo using high-resolution MRI. Using this algorithm, we segmented the dorsal claustrum bilaterally in 1068 subjects of the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset, a publicly available high-resolution MRI dataset. We found good agreement between the automatic and manual segmentations performed by 2 observers in 10 subjects. We demonstrate the use of the segmentation in analyzing the covariation of the dorsal claustrum with other brain regions, in terms of macro- and microstructure. We identified several covariance networks associated with the dorsal claustrum. We provide an online repository of 1068 bilateral dorsal claustrum segmentations.

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