Digital Resolution Enhancer in PS-256QAM Transmission

Abstract. Interplanetary scintillation (IPS) remote-sensing observations provide a view of the solar wind covering a wide range of heliographic latitudes and heliocentric distances from the Sun between ~0.1 AU and 3.0 AU. Such observations are used to study the development of solar coronal transients and the solar wind while propagating out through interplanetary space. They can also be used to measure the inner-heliospheric response to the passage of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and co-rotating heliospheric structures. IPS observations can, in general, provide a speed estimate of the heliospheric material crossing the observing line of site; some radio antennas/arrays can also provide a radio scintillation level. We use a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction technique which obtains perspective views from outward-flowing solar wind and co-rotating structure as observed from Earth by iteratively fitting a kinematic solar wind model to these data. Using this 3-D modelling technique, we are able to reconstruct the velocity and density of CMEs as they travel through interplanetary space. For the time-dependent model used here with IPS data taken from the Ootacamund (Ooty) Radio Telescope (ORT) in India, the digital resolution of the tomography is 10° by 10° in both latitude and longitude with a half-day time cadence. Typically however, the resolutions range from 10° to 20° in latitude and longitude, with a half- to one-day time cadence for IPS data dependant upon how much data are used as input to the tomography. We compare reconstructed structures during early-November 2004 with in-situ measurements from the Wind spacecraft orbiting the Sun-Earth L1-Point to validate the 3-D tomographic reconstruction results and comment on how these improve upon prior reconstructions.

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Digital-resolution detection of microRNA with single-base selectivity by photonic resonator absorption microscopy

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1904770116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (39) ◽

pp. 19362-19367 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Taylor D. Canady ◽

Nantao Li ◽

Lucas D. Smith ◽

Yi Lu ◽

Manish Kohli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Resonant Wavelength ◽

High Signal ◽

Single Base ◽

Reflected Light ◽

Single Base Mismatch ◽

Base Mismatch ◽

Digital Resolution ◽

Target Probe

Circulating exosomal microRNA (miR) represents a new class of blood-based biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. The detection of miR at a very low concentration and with single-base discrimination without the need for sophisticated equipment, large volumes, or elaborate sample processing is a challenge. To address this, we present an approach that is highly specific for a target miR sequence and has the ability to provide “digital” resolution of individual target molecules with high signal-to-noise ratio. Gold nanoparticle tags are prepared with thermodynamically optimized nucleic acid toehold probes that, when binding to a target miR sequence, displace a probe-protecting oligonucleotide and reveal a capture sequence that is used to selectively pull down the target-probe–nanoparticle complex to a photonic crystal (PC) biosensor surface. By matching the surface plasmon-resonant wavelength of the nanoparticle tag to the resonant wavelength of the PC nanostructure, the reflected light intensity from the PC is dramatically and locally quenched by the presence of each individual nanoparticle, enabling a form of biosensor microscopy that we call Photonic Resonator Absorption Microscopy (PRAM). Dynamic PRAM imaging of nanoparticle tag capture enables direct 100-aM limit of detection and single-base mismatch selectivity in a 2-h kinetic discrimination assay. The PRAM assay demonstrates that ultrasensitivity (<1 pM) and high selectivity can be achieved on a direct readout diagnostic.

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Coping with Motion Artifacts by Analog Front-End ECG Microchips under Variable Digital Resolution and Gain

Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.3390/ecsa-7-08247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Daniel Cuevas-González ◽

Miguel Bravo-Zanoguera ◽

Eladio Altamira-Colado ◽

Roberto López-Avitia ◽

Juan Pablo García-Vázquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Mobile Health ◽

Motion Artifact ◽

Motion Artifacts ◽

Analog To Digital ◽

Cardiac Monitor ◽

Front End ◽

Analog Front End ◽

Amplitude Resolution ◽

Digital Resolution

The development of portable ECG technology has found growing markets, from wearable ECG sensors to ambulatory ECG recorders, encountering challenges of moderately complex to tightly regulated devices. This study investigated how a typical 0.5–40 Hz bandwidth ECG is affected by motion artifact when using analog front-end (AFE) integrated circuits such as the AD823X family. It is known that the typical amplitude resolution of current mobile health ECG devices is 10–12 bits, and sometimes 16-bits, which is enough for monitoring but might be insufficient to identify the small potential amplitudes useful in diagnoses. The interest now is on the interplay of how a digital resolution choice and variable gain can cope with motion artifacts inherent in mobile health devices. With our methodology for a rapid prototyping of an ECG device, and using the AFE AD8232 and Bluetooth communication, a specific cardiac monitor ECG configuration was evaluated under two microcontroller systems of different resolution: a generic Arduino Nano board which featured a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the 24-bit ADC of Silicon Labs C8051F350 board. The ECG cardiac monitor setup, recommended by Analog Devices, featuring two gain values under these two different microcontroller systems, was explored as to its ability to solve motion artifact problems.

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Experimental validation of clipping combined with digital resolution enhancer for high speed optical transmission

45th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2019) ◽

10.1049/cp.2019.0972 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

M. van den Hout ◽

S. van der Heide ◽

C. Okonkwo

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Optical Transmission ◽

Experimental Validation ◽

Digital Resolution

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Image Analysis—Turning Images Into Data

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600020419 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (S2) ◽

pp. 58-59

Author(s):

J. J. Friel ◽

E. B. Prestridge

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Image Analysis ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Automatic Image Analysis ◽

Point Counting ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Feature Descriptors ◽

Digital Resolution ◽

Contrast Mechanism ◽

Manual Methods

Image analysis is the process of quantifying some aspect of an image—its particle size distribution, for example. Manual methods were in use long before computers made image analysis much faster and more reproducible. Linear measurements of diameter, point counting to measure volume fraction, and intercept counting to determine grain size have been used for over 100 years. Automatic image analysis (AIA), however, can make more measurements, and even calculate derived measurements, such as aspect ratio or circularity. AIA of a specimen or micrograph, of course, is only as good as the contrast mechanism used, so the imaging signal must be chosen carefully to reveal to the computer what is to be measured. Obtaining sufficient contrast is often the limiting task.Once an imaging signal is chosen and the digital resolution set, the computer can analyze the image. The feature descriptors can be generic:

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