scholarly journals A lexical approach for identifying behavioural action sequences

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e1009672
Author(s):  
Gautam Reddy ◽  
Laura Desban ◽  
Hidenori Tanaka ◽  
Julian Roussel ◽  
Olivier Mirat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Angle ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Chemotaxis Assay ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Lexical Approach ◽  
Low Dimensional

Animals display characteristic behavioural patterns when performing a task, such as the spiraling of a soaring bird or the surge-and-cast of a male moth searching for a female. Identifying such recurring sequences occurring rarely in noisy behavioural data is key to understanding the behavioural response to a distributed stimulus in unrestrained animals. Existing models seek to describe the dynamics of behaviour or segment individual locomotor episodes rather than to identify the rare and transient sequences of locomotor episodes that make up the behavioural response. To fill this gap, we develop a lexical, hierarchical model of behaviour. We designed an unsupervised algorithm called “BASS” to efficiently identify and segment recurring behavioural action sequences transiently occurring in long behavioural recordings. When applied to navigating larval zebrafish, BASS extracts a dictionary of remarkably long, non-Markovian sequences consisting of repeats and mixtures of slow forward and turn bouts. Applied to a novel chemotaxis assay, BASS uncovers chemotactic strategies deployed by zebrafish to avoid aversive cues consisting of sequences of fast large-angle turns and burst swims. In a simulated dataset of soaring gliders climbing thermals, BASS finds the spiraling patterns characteristic of soaring behaviour. In both cases, BASS succeeds in identifying rare action sequences in the behaviour deployed by freely moving animals. BASS can be easily incorporated into the pipelines of existing behavioural analyses across diverse species, and even more broadly used as a generic algorithm for pattern recognition in low-dimensional sequential data.

scholarly journals A lexical approach for identifying behavioral action sequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Reddy ◽  
Laura Desban ◽  
Hidenori Tanaka ◽  
Julian Roussel ◽  
Olivier Mirat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Chemotaxis Assay ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Behavioral Action ◽  
Lexical Approach ◽  
Low Dimensional

AbstractAnimals display characteristic behavioral patterns when performing a task, such as the spiraling of a soaring bird or the surge-and-cast of a male moth searching for a female. Identifying such conserved patterns occurring rarely in noisy behavioral data is key to understanding the behavioral response to a distributed stimulus in unrestrained animals. Existing models seek to describe the dynamics of behavior or segment individual locomotor episodes rather than to identify occasional, transient irregularities that make up the behavioral response. To fill this gap, we develop a lexical, hierarchical model of behavior. We designed an unsupervised algorithm called “BASS” to efficiently identify and segment conserved behavioral action sequences transiently occurring in long behavioral recordings. When applied to navigating larval zebrafish, BASS extracts a dictionary of remarkably long, non-Markovian sequences consisting of repeats and mixtures of slow forward and turn bouts. Applied to a novel chemotaxis assay, BASS uncovers conserved chemotactic strategies deployed by zebrafish to avoid aversive cues consisting of sequences of fast large-angle turns and burst swims. In a simulated dataset of soaring gliders climbing thermals, BASS finds the spiralling patterns characteristic of soaring behavior. In both cases, BASS succeeds in identifying action sequences that are highly conserved but transient in the behavior deployed by freely moving animals. BASS can be easily incorporated into the pipelines of existing behavioral analyses across diverse species, and even more broadly used as a generic algorithm for pattern recognition in low-dimensional sequential data.

scholarly journals On the flow of air behind an inclined flat plate of infinite span

1927 ◽  
Vol 116 (773) ◽  
pp. 170-197 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Vortex System ◽  
Water Region ◽  
Infinite Extent ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moving Fluid ◽  
Dead Water

The general form of the flow behind an infinitely long thin flat plate inclined at a large angle to a fluid stream of infinite extent has been known for many years past. The essential features of the motion are illustrated in the smoke photograph given in fig. 1, Plate 6. At the edges, thin bands of vorticity are generated, which separate the freely-moving fluid from the “dead-water” region at the back of the plate; and at some distance behind, these vortex bands on account of their lack of stability roll up and form what is now commonly known as a vortex street (see fig. 2). Various theories for calculating the resistance of the plate have also been advanced from time to time. One of the earliest is the theory of “discontinuous” motion due to Kirchhoff and Rayleigh, who obtained the expression π sin α/4 + π sin α ρV 0 2 b (see symbols) for the normal force per unit length of the plate. More recently Kármán has obtained a formula for the resistance of a plate normal to the general flow, in terms of the dimensions of the vortex system at some distance behind the plate. In spite, however, of these and other important investigations, much more remains to be discovered before it can be said that the phenomenon of the flow is completely understood. No attempt has hitherto been made, as far as the writers are aware, to determine experimentally, at incidences below 90°, the frequency and speed with which the vortices pass downstream; the dimensions of the vortex system; the average strength of the individual vortices; or the rate at which vorticity is leaving the edges of the plate. The present investigation has been undertaken to furnish information on these features of the flow.

scholarly journals Conserved structures of neural activity in sensorimotor cortex of freely moving rats allow cross-subject decoding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Melbaum ◽  
David Eriksson ◽  
Thomas Brox ◽  
Ilka Diester
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Primary Sensory Cortex ◽  
Behavioral Paradigm ◽  
Structure Of Population ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Neuronal Code

Our knowledge about neuronal activity in the sensorimotor cortex relies primarily on stereotyped movements which are strictly controlled via the experimental settings. It remains unclear how results can be carried over to less constrained behavior, i.e. freely moving subjects. Towards this goal, we developed a self-paced behavioral paradigm which encouraged rats to conduct different types of movements. Via bilateral electrophysiological recordings across the entire sensorimotor cortex and simultaneous paw tracking, we identified behavioral coupling of neurons with lateralization and an anterior-posterior gradient from premotor to primary sensory cortex. The structure of population activity patterns was conserved across animals, in spite of severe undersampling of the total number of neurons and variations of electrode positions across individuals. Via alignments of low-dimensional neural manifolds, we demonstrate cross-subject and cross-session generalization in a decoding task arguing for a conserved neuronal code.

Behavioural response patterns: an investigation of the early stages of major incidents

foresight ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Hanna Sawalha
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Major Incidents ◽  
Original Classification

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the different patterns of organizational behavioural responses to major incidents and develop an original classification of these patterns. Design/methodology/approach An extensive literature review was made to investigate the different patterns of behavioural responses to major incidents and then to develop an original classification of these patterns. Several sources of information, such as case studies, technical reports, academic journal articles and organizational internal reports were used. Findings Organizations respond differently to major incidents. This was clear from the different behavioural patterns investigated and identified. Behavioural patterns determine levels of resilience and ability of organizations to overcome and ultimately survive major incidents. Practical implications To promote effective and organized behavioural response patterns to major incidents and improve consistency of responses across the organization, relevant authorities should demonstrate to all private and public enterprises the significance of effective behavioural responses, thus enabling them to better respond to various potential emergencies. Originality/value A number of models of human behaviour have been introduced in the literature to understand how people respond to emergency situations. They each take a different perspective on human behaviour but no single theory has emerged as the leading paradigm. This highlights the complexity of understanding human behaviour in such situations and the need for a better classification of behavioural patterns. To the author’s knowledge, this is one of very few studies to investigate, identify and categorize behavioural response patterns to major incidents. This research is expected to be of a substantial value for those interested in improving organizational behaviour during major incidents, as well as those interested in improving organizational resilience.

scholarly journals AVATAR: AI Vision Analysis for Three-dimensional Action in Real-time

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daesoo Kim ◽  
Dae-Gun Kim ◽  
Anna Shin ◽  
Yong-Cheol Jeong ◽  
Seahyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Behavioural Analysis ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Behavioural Experiments

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging tool for high-resolution behavioural analysis and conduction of human-free behavioural experiments. Here, we applied an AI-based system, AVATAR, which automatically virtualises 3D motions from the detection of 9 body parts. This allows quantification, classification and detection of specific action sequences in real-time and facilitates closed-loop manipulation, triggered by the onset of specific behaviours, in freely moving mice.

Locomotor repertoire of the larval zebrafish: swimming, turning and prey capture

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (17) ◽  
pp. 2565-2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Budick ◽  
D.M. O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Larval Zebrafish

Larval zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) are a popular model system because of their genetic attributes, transparency and relative simplicity. They have approximately 200 neurons that project from the brainstem into the spinal cord. Many of these neurons can be individually identified and laser-ablated in intact larvae. This should facilitate cellular-level characterization of the descending control of larval behavior patterns. Towards this end, we attempt to describe the range of locomotor behavior patterns exhibited by zebrafish larvae. Using high-speed digital imaging, a variety of swimming and turning behaviors were analyzed in 6- to 9-day-old larval fish. Swimming episodes appeared to fall into two categories, with the point of maximal bending of the larva's body occurring either near the mid-body (burst swims) or closer to the tail (slow swims). Burst swims also involved larger-amplitude bending, faster speeds and greater yaw than slow swims. Turning behaviors clearly fell into two distinct categories: fast, large-angle escape turns characteristic of escape responses, and much slower routine turns lacking the large counterbend that often accompanies escape turns. Prey-capture behaviors were also recorded. They were made up of simpler locomotor components that appeared to be similar to routine turns and slow swims. The different behaviors observed were analyzed with regard to possible underlying neural control systems. Our analysis suggests the existence of discrete sets of controlling neurons and helps to explain the need for the roughly 200 spinal-projecting nerve cells in the brainstem of the larval zebrafish.

scholarly journals Intention Nets: Psychology-Inspired User Choice Behavior Modeling for Next-Basket Prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 6259-6266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoujin Wang ◽  
Liang Hu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Quan Z. Sheng ◽  
Mehmet Orgun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Action Sequence ◽  
User Choice ◽  
User Behaviors ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
User Actions ◽  
Goal Intentions

Human behaviors are complex, which are often observed as a sequence of heterogeneous actions. In this paper, we take user choices for shopping baskets as a typical case to study the complexity of user behaviors. Most of existing approaches often model user behaviors in a mechanical way, namely treating a user action sequence as homogeneous sequential data, such as hourly temperatures, which fails to consider the complexity in user behaviors. In fact, users' choices are driven by certain underlying intentions (e.g., feeding the baby or relieving pain) according to Psychological theories. Moreover, the durations of intentions to drive user actions are quite different; some of them may be persistent while others may be transient. According to Psychological theories, we develop a hierarchical framework to describe the goal, intentions and action sequences, based on which, we design Intention Nets (IntNet). In IntNet, multiple Action Chain Nets are constructed to model the user actions driven by different intentions, and a specially designed Persistent-Transient Intention Unit models the different intention durations. We apply the IntNet to next-basket prediction, a recent challenging task in recommender systems. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets show the superiority of our Psychology-inspired model IntNet over the state-of-the-art approaches.

scholarly journals Dopamine D1 receptor signalling differentially regulates action sequences and turning behaviour in freely moving Drosophila

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kottler ◽  
Richard Faville ◽  
Jessika Bridi ◽  
Frank Hirth
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Receptor Signalling ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Turning Behaviour ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Motor Actions

AbstractHere, we introduce a novel behavioural paradigm to study neural circuits and mechanisms underlying action selection and decision-making in freely moving Drosophila. We first validate our approach by studying FoxP mutants and show that normally invariant patterns of motor activity and turning behaviour are altered in these flies, reminiscent of indecision. Then, focusing on central complex (CX) circuits known to integrate different sensory modalities and controlling premotor regions, we show that action sequences and turning behaviour are regulated by dopamine D1 (Dop1R1) receptor signalling. Dop1R1 inputs onto CX columnar wedge and ellipsoid body R2/R4m ring neuron circuits both negatively gate motor activity but inversely control turning behaviour. While flies deficient of D1 receptor signalling present normal turning behaviour despite decreased activity, restoring Dop1R1 level in R2/R4m-specific circuitry affects the temporal organisation of motor actions and turning. These findings suggest that columnar wedge and ring neuron circuits of the CX differentially modulate patterns of motor action sequences and turning behaviour by comparative Dop1R1 signalling for goal-directed locomotion.

scholarly journals A pretectal command system controls hunting behaviour

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paride Antinucci ◽  
Mónica Folgueira ◽  
Isaac H. Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
List Type ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Hunting Behaviour ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Innate Behaviour ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractFor many species, hunting is an innate behaviour that is crucial for survival, yet the circuits that control predatory action sequences are poorly understood. We used larval zebrafish to identify a command system that controls hunting. By combining calcium imaging with a virtual hunting assay, we identified a discrete pretectal region that is selectively active when animals initiate hunting. Targeted genetic labelling allowed us to examine the function and morphology of individual cells and identify two classes of pretectal neuron that project to ipsilateral optic tectum or the contralateral tegmentum. Optogenetic stimulation of single neurons of either class was able to induce sustained hunting sequences, in the absence of prey. Furthermore, laser ablation of these neurons impaired prey-catching and prevented induction of hunting by optogenetic stimulation of the anterior-ventral tectum. In sum, we define a specific population of pretectal neurons that functions as a command system to drive predatory behaviour.Key findingsPretectal neurons are recruited during hunting initiationOptogenetic stimulation of single pretectal neurons can induce predatory behaviourAblation of pretectal neurons impairs huntingPretectal cells comprise a command system controlling hunting behaviour

scholarly journals Pretectal neurons control hunting behaviour

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paride Antinucci ◽  
Mónica Folgueira ◽  
Isaac H Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Hunting Behaviour ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Innate Behaviour ◽  
Stimulation Of

For many species, hunting is an innate behaviour that is crucial for survival, yet the circuits that control predatory action sequences are poorly understood. We used larval zebrafish to identify a population of pretectal neurons that control hunting. By combining calcium imaging with a virtual hunting assay, we identified a discrete pretectal region that is selectively active when animals initiate hunting. Targeted genetic labelling allowed us to examine the function and morphology of individual cells and identify two classes of pretectal neuron that project to ipsilateral optic tectum or the contralateral tegmentum. Optogenetic stimulation of single neurons of either class was able to induce sustained hunting sequences, in the absence of prey. Furthermore, laser ablation of these neurons impaired prey-catching and prevented induction of hunting by optogenetic stimulation of the anterior-ventral tectum. We propose that this specific population of pretectal neurons functions as a command system to induce predatory behaviour.

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