scholarly journals Oligopaint DNA FISH reveals telomere-based meiotic pairing dynamics in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. e1009700
Author(s):  
Leah F. Rosin ◽  
Jose Gil ◽  
Ines A. Drinnenberg ◽  
Elissa P. Lei
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homolog Pairing ◽  
Bivalent Formation ◽  
High Flexibility

Accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis is essential for reproductive success. Yet, many fundamental aspects of meiosis remain unclear, including the mechanisms regulating homolog pairing across species. This gap is partially due to our inability to visualize individual chromosomes during meiosis. Here, we employ Oligopaint FISH to investigate homolog pairing and compaction of meiotic chromosomes and resurrect a classical model system, the silkworm Bombyx mori. Our Oligopaint design combines multiplexed barcoding with secondary oligo labeling for high flexibility and low cost. These studies illustrate that Oligopaints are highly specific in whole-mount gonads and on meiotic squashes. We show that meiotic pairing is robust in both males and females and that pairing can occur through numerous partially paired intermediate structures. We also show that pairing in male meiosis occurs asynchronously and seemingly in a transcription-biased manner. Further, we reveal that meiotic bivalent formation in B. mori males is highly similar to bivalent formation in C. elegans, with both of these pathways ultimately resulting in the pairing of chromosome ends with non-paired ends facing the spindle pole. Additionally, microtubule recruitment in both C. elegans and B. mori is likely dependent on kinetochore proteins but independent of the centromere-specifying histone CENP-A. Finally, using super-resolution microscopy in the female germline, we show that homologous chromosomes remain associated at telomere domains in the absence of chiasma and after breakdown and modification to the synaptonemal complex in pachytene. These studies reveal novel insights into mechanisms of meiotic homolog pairing both with or without recombination.

scholarly journals Oligopaint DNA FISH as a tool for investigating meiotic chromosome dynamics in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah F Rosin ◽  
Jose Gil ◽  
Ines Anna Drinnenberg ◽  
Elissa P Lei
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homolog Pairing ◽  
Bivalent Formation ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

Accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis is essential for reproductive success. Yet, many fundamental aspects of meiosis remain unclear, including the mechanisms regulating homolog pairing across species. This gap is partially due to our inability to visualize individual chromosomes during meiosis. Here, we employ Oligopaint FISH to investigate homolog pairing and compaction of meiotic chromosomes in a classical model system, the silkworm Bombyx mori. Our Oligopaint design combines multiplexed barcoding with secondary oligo labeling for high flexibility and low cost. These studies illustrate that Oligopaints are highly specific in whole-mount gonads and on meiotic chromosome spreads. We show that meiotic pairing is robust in both males and female meiosis. Additionally, we show that meiotic bivalent formation in B. mori males is highly similar to bivalent formation in C. elegans, with both of these pathways ultimately resulting in the pairing of chromosome ends with non-paired ends facing the spindle pole and microtubule recruitment independent of the centromere-specifying factor CENP-A.

scholarly journals Process Emulation System for High-Power Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Actuators

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Igor Ille ◽  
Sebastian Mojrzisch ◽  
Jens Twiefel
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Present System ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
High Flexibility

Abstract Ultrasonic actuators are used for a wide field of applications. The vibration energy can be used to realize many processes like ultrasonic welding or bonding. Furthermore there are many processes which run more efficient and faster combined with ultrasonic vibration like ultrasonic-assisted turning or drilling. Piezoelectric transducers are the main part of those applications. Most of the applications have a time-variant load behavior and need an amplitude feedback control to guarantee a stable process. To ensure correct function tests of the feedback control systems have to be done. In this case the processes have to be executed in association with a high number of cycles. To emulate the behavior of the environment the automotive and aerospace industries use hardware in the loop systems since a long time but there is no such a method for ultrasonic systems. This paper presents a method to realize high dynamic load emulation for different ultrasonic applications. Using a piezoelectric transformer it is possible to reproduce load curves by active damping on the secondary side of the transformer using a current proportional digital feedback circuit. A theoretical and experimental study of hardware in the loop system for ultrasonic applications is given by this paper. The present system allows testing a wide field of feedback control algorithms with high flexibility and a high number of cycles by utilization of low-cost components. This proceeding decreases design periods in association with feedback control.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of Mg–Zn ferrite based flexible microwave composites and its application as SNG metamaterial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam ◽  
Mandeep Singh Jit Singh ◽  
Md Samsuzzaman ◽  
Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Flexible Composites ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Zn Ferrite ◽  
High Flexibility

AbstractIn this article, we propose SNG (single negative) metamaterial fabricated on Mg–Zn ferrite-based flexible microwave composites. Firstly, the flexible composites are synthesized by the sol-gel method having four different molecular compositions of MgxZn(1−x)Fe2O4, which are denoted as Mg20, Mg40, Mg60, and Mg80. The structural, morphological, and microwave properties of the synthesized flexible composites are analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and conventional dielectric assessment kit (DAK) to justify their possible application as dielectric substrate at microwave frequency regime. Thus the average grain size is found from 20 to 24 nm, and the dielectric constants are 6.01, 5.10, 4.19, and 3.28, as well as loss tangents, are 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, and 0.008 for the prepared Mg–Zn ferrites, i.e., Mg20, Mg40, Mg60, and Mg80 respectively. Besides, the prepared low-cost Mg–Zn ferrite composites exhibit high flexibility and lightweight, which makes them a potential candidate as a metamaterial substrate. Furthermore, a single negative (SNG) metamaterial unit cell is fabricated on the prepared, flexible microwave composites, and their essential electromagnetic behaviors are observed. Very good effective medium ratios (EMR) vales are obtained from 14.65 to 18.47, which ensure the compactness of the fabricated prototypes with a physical dimension of 8 × 6.5 mm2. Also, the proposed materials have shown better performances comparing with conventional FR4 and RO4533 materials, and they have covered S-, C-, X-, Ku-, and K-band of microwave frequency region. Thus, the prepared, flexible SNG metamaterials on MgxZn(1−x)Fe2O4 composites are suitable for microwave and flexible technologies.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Implementation of Bilinear and Bicubic Image Interpolation for Real-Time Image Super-Resolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donya Khaledyan ◽  
Abdolah Amirany ◽  
Kian Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri ◽  
Abolfazl Zargari Khuzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Image Interpolation ◽  
Real Time Image ◽  
Image Super Resolution ◽  
Time Image

scholarly journals Molecular Engineering for High-Performance Fullerene Broadband Photodetector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Su ◽  
Yajing Hu ◽  
Ao Yu ◽  
Zhiyao Peng ◽  
Wangtao Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Photoinduced Electron Transfer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Temperature Requirement ◽  
High Flexibility

Broadband photodetectors fabricated with organic molecules have the advantages of low cost, high flexibility, easy processing and low-temperature requirement. Fullerene molecules, due to the electron acceptor and photoinduced electron transfer...

Unorthodox male meiosis in Trichosia pubescens (Sciaridae). Chromosome elimination involves polar organelle degeneration and monocentric spindles in first and second division

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fuge
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Division ◽  
Metaphase Plate ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Late Prophase ◽  
Section Electron ◽  
The One ◽  
Polar Organelle

Male meiosis in Trichosia pubescens (Sciaridae) was investigated by means of serial section electron microscopy and immunofluorescence light microscopy. From earlier studies of another sciarid fly, Sciara coprophila (Phillips (1967) J. Cell. Biol. 33, 73–92), it is known that the spindle poles in sciarid spermatogonia are characterized by pairs of ‘giant centrioles’, ring-shaped organelles composed of large numbers of singlet microtubules. In the present study spermatocytes in early prophase of Trichosia were found to possess single giant centrioles at opposite sides of the nucleus. The obvious reduction in centriole number from the spermatogonial to the spermatocyte stage is suggested to be the result of a suppression of daughter centriole formation. In late prophase, a large aster is developed around the centriole at one pole. At the opposite pole no comparable aster is formed. Instead, a number of irregular centriolar components appear in this region, a process that is understood to be a degeneration of the polar organelle. The components of the degenerate pole migrate into a cytoplasmic protrusion (‘bud’), which later is also utilized for the elimination of paternal chromosomes. The existence of only one functional polar centre is the reason for the formation of a monopolar monocentric spindle in first meiotic division, which in turn is one of the prerequisites for the elimination of paternal chromosomes. While the set of maternal and L chromosomes orientates and probably moves towards the pole, paternal chromosomes seem to be unable to contact the pole, possibly due to an inactivation of their kinetochores. Retrograde (‘away from the pole’) chromosome motion not involving kinetochores is assumed. Eventually, paternal chromosomes move into the pole-distal bud and are eliminated by casting off, together with the components of the degenerate polar organelle. Chromosome elimination can be delayed until the second meiotic division. The spindle of the second meiotic division is bipolar and monocentric. One spindle pole is marked by the polar centre of first division. The opposite spindle apex is devoid of a polar centre. It is assumed that spindle bipolarity in the second division is induced by the amphi-orientated chromosomes themselves. The maternal and L chromosome set (except the non-disjunctional X chromosome, which is found near the polar centre) congress in a metaphase plate, divide and segregate. Of the two daughter nuclei resulting from the second meiotic division, the one containing the X chromatids is retained as the nucleus of the future spermatozoon. The other nucleus becomes again eliminated within a second cytoplasmic bud.

Low Cost Super-Resolution Scaling for Images with Over-Exposed and Saturated Scenes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Tse Cheng ◽  
Chung-Hsun Huang ◽  
Yuan-Sun Chu ◽  
Bo-Chao Cheng ◽  
Pin-Sheng Cheng Chou
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Super Resolution

Broadcast Quality Video Contribution in Mobility

2011 ◽  
pp. 1199-1212
Author(s):  
José Ramón Cerquides Bueno ◽  
Antonio Foncubierta Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Video Coding ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
3G Networks ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Quality Video ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Mobile Phone Networks ◽  
High Flexibility

The continuous growth of the available throughput, specially in the uplink of mobile phone networks is opening the doors to new services and business opportunities without references in the past. In more concrete, new standards HSDPA/HSUPA, introduced to complement and enhance 3G networks, together with the advances in audio and specially video coding, like those adopted by the standard H.264 AVC have boosted the appearance of a new service: exploiting the mobile telephony networks for contributing broadcast quality videos. This new service is offering just now a low cost, high flexibility alternative that, in a brief period of time, will substitute the current Electronic News Gathering (ENG) Units, giving rise to what is being to be called Wireless Journalism (WENG1 or WiNG2). This chapter discusses both the technologies involved and the business opportunities offered by this sector. Once reviewed the state of the art, different solutions will be compared, some of them recently appeared as commercial solutions, like QuickLink 3.5G Live Encoder3 or AirNow!4 and others still in research and development processes.

Efficient, Low-Cost, Real-Time Video Super-Resolution Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 200-211
Author(s):  
Guanqun Liu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Daren Zha ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Lin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Super Resolution

scholarly journals Effective sericin-fibroin separation from Bombyx mori silkworms fibers and low-cost salt removal from fibroin solution

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Estefanía Echeverri-Correa ◽  
David Orlando Grajales-Lopera ◽  
Santiago Gutiérrez-Restrepo ◽  
Claudia Patricia Ossa-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Sodium Carbonate Solution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Carbonate Solution ◽  
Cellulose Membrane

Silk from Bombyx mori has two main proteins: fibroin and sericin. Fibroin is a protein that exhibits good biocompatibility and high surface reactivity, desirable properties for many biomedical applications. Sericin is related with adverse immune response in some medical uses. Therefore, its removal (degumming) is desirable in almost all fields, including the textile industry and biological applications. In this study, three degumming methods (distilled water, liquid neutral detergent and sodium carbonate solution) were evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. Degummed silk treated with sodium carbonate solution exhibits a pattern consistent with previous studies for sericin-free fibroin, and significant differences with the untreated silk pattern. Also, degummed fibroin fibers were dissolved in a calcium chloride solution, in pursuit of a more versatile material. Additionally, different porous membranes of dialysis tubes were tested to remove residual salts, and were compared by conductivity measurements and EDS analysis, identifying good performance for an affordable food cellulose membrane. The results showed that it is possible to obtain fibroin with adequate chemical properties, using low-cost process and membrane of dialysis tubes. 

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