scholarly journals Social-ecological factors and preventive actions decrease the risk of dengue infection at the household-level: Results from a prospective dengue surveillance study in Machala, Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0006150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Kenneson ◽  
Efraín Beltrán-Ayala ◽  
Mercy J. Borbor-Cordova ◽  
Mark E. Polhemus ◽  
Sadie J. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Preventive Actions

scholarly journals Exploring the utility of social-ecological and entomological risk factors for dengue infection as surveillance indicators in the dengue hyper-endemic city of Machala, Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Lippi ◽  
Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra ◽  
Timothy P. Endy ◽  
Mark Abbott ◽  
Cinthya Cueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Social Ecological

The management of mosquito-borne diseases is a challenge in southern coastal Ecuador, where dengue is hyper-endemic and co-circulates with other arboviral diseases. Prior work in the region has explored social-ecological factors, dengue case data, and entomological indices. In this study, we bring together entomological and epidemiological data to describe links between social-ecological factors associated with risk of dengue transmission at the household level in Machala, Ecuador. Households surveys were conducted from 2014-2016 to assess the presence of adult Aedes aegypti (collected via aspiration) and to enumerate housing conditions, demographics, and mosquito prevention behaviors. Household-level dengue infection status was determined by laboratory diagnostics in 2014-2015. Logistic models and multimodel selection were used to identify social-ecological variables associated with household presence of female Ae. aegypti and household dengue infection status, respectively. We identified significant risk factors for household-level dengue infection reflecting household condition, including bamboo cane construction material, shaded patios, and adjacency to abandoned properties, while housing structures in good condition were identified as protective against dengue infection. Aedes aegypti presence was associated with a greater than average number people per household and interrupted water supply, but was not associated with household level dengue infections. Models of Ae. aegypti presence were unstable, and not well resolved in ranking of competing models, suggesting that highly localized entomological surveillance indicators may not be indicative of risk in communities with hyperendemic dengue fever. These findings add to our understanding of the systems of mosquito-borne disease transmission in Machala, and in the larger region of southern Ecuador, aiding in the development of improved vector surveillance efforts, and targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Exploring the utility of social-ecological and entomological risk factors for dengue infection as surveillance indicators in the dengue hyper-endemic city of Machala, Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0009257
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Lippi ◽  
Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra ◽  
Timothy P. Endy ◽  
Mark Abbott ◽  
Cinthya Cueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Social Ecological

The management of mosquito-borne diseases is a challenge in southern coastal Ecuador, where dengue is hyper-endemic and co-circulates with other arboviral diseases. Prior work in the region has explored social-ecological factors, dengue case data, and entomological indices. In this study, we bring together entomological and epidemiological data to describe links between social-ecological factors associated with risk of dengue transmission at the household level in Machala, Ecuador. Households surveys were conducted from 2014–2017 to assess the presence of adult Aedes aegypti (collected via aspiration) and to enumerate housing conditions, demographics, and mosquito prevention behaviors. Household-level dengue infection status was determined by laboratory diagnostics in 2014–2015. Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify social-ecological variables associated with household presence of female Ae. aegypti and household dengue infection status, respectively. Aedes aegypti presence was associated with interruptions in water service and weekly trash collection, and household air conditioning was protective against mosquito presence. Presence of female Ae. aegypti was not associated with household dengue infections. We identified shaded patios and head of household employment status as risk factors for household-level dengue infection, while window screening in good condition was identified as protective against dengue infection. These findings add to our understanding of the systems of mosquito-borne disease transmission in Machala, and in the larger region of southern Ecuador, aiding in the development of improved vector surveillance efforts, and targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Social-ecological factors and preventive actions decrease the risk of dengue infection at the household-level: results from a prospective dengue surveillance study in Machala, Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Kenneson ◽  
Efraín Beltrán-Ayala ◽  
Mercy J. Borbor-Cordova ◽  
Mark E. Polhemus ◽  
Sadie J. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Abandoned Properties

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn Ecuador, dengue virus (DENV) infections transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito are among the greatest public health concerns in urban coastal communities. Community- and household-level vector control is the principal means of controlling disease outbreaks. This study aimed to assess the impact of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) and social-ecological factors on the presence or absence of DENV infections in the household..MethodsIn 2014 and 2015, individuals with DENV infections from sentinel clinics were invited to participate in the study, as well as members of their household and members of four neighboring households located within 200 meters. We conducted diagnostic testing for DENV on all study participants; we surveyed heads of households (HOHs) regarding demographics, housing conditions and KAPs. We compared KAPs and social-ecological factors between households with (n=139) versus without (n=80) DENV infections, using bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models with and without interactions.ResultsSignificant risk factors in multivariate models included proximity to abandoned properties, interruptions in piped water, and shaded patios (p<0.05). Significant protective factors included use of mosquito bed nets, fumigation inside the home, piped water inside the home (p<0.05). In bivariate analyses (but not multivariate modeling), DENV infections was positively associated with HOHs who were male, employed, and of younger age than households without infections (p<0.05). DENV infections were not associated with knowledgeattitude, or reported barriers to prevention activities.DiscussionSpecific actions that can be considered to decrease the risk of DENV infections in the household include targeting vector control in highly shaded properties, fumigating inside the home, and use of mosquito bed nets. Community-level interventions include clean-up of abandoned properties, daily trash pick-up, and reliable piped water inside houses. These findings can inform interventions to reduce the risk of other diseases transmitted by the Ae. aegypti mosquito, such as chikungunya and Zika fever.Author summaryDengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses are transmitted to people primarily by the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions. Diseases transmitted by the Ae. aegypti mosquito are a growing public health concern. Mosquito control is the principal means of preventing and controlling disease outbreaks. In this study, we compared the characteristics of households with and without DENV infections in the city of Machala, Ecuador. We found that risk factors for DENV infection included proximity to abandoned properties, interruptions in the piped water supply, and a highly shaded patio. Protective factors included the use of mosquito bed nets, fumigation inside the home, and piped water inside the home. These findings can be used to inform targeted vector control interventions by the public health sector at the household and community levels.

Place, Power, and Premature Mortality: A Rapid Scoping Review on the Health of Women in Appalachia

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110113
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Thompson ◽  
Lauren R. Risser ◽  
Madeline N. Dunfee ◽  
Nancy E. Schoenberg ◽  
Jessica G. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Appalachian Women ◽  
Social Ecological

Objective: Appalachian women continue to die younger than in other US regions. We performed a rapid scoping review to summarize women’s health research in Appalachia from 2000 to 2019, including health topics, study populations, theoretical frameworks, methods, and findings. Data Source: We searched bibliographic databases (eg, PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar) for literature focusing on women’s health in Appalachia. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Included articles were: (1) on women’s health in Appalachia; (2) published January 2000 to June 2019; (3) peer-reviewed; and (4) written in English. We excluded studies without reported data findings. Data Extraction: Two coders reviewed articles for descriptive information to create summary tables comparing variables of interest. Data Synthesis: Two coders co-reviewed a sub-sample to ensure consensus and refine data charting categories. We categorized major findings across the social-ecological framework. Results: A search of nearly 2 decades of literature revealed 81 articles, which primarily focused on cancer disparities (49.4%) and prenatal/pregnancy outcomes (23.5%). Many of these research studies took place in Central Appalachia (eg, 42.0% in Kentucky) with reproductive or middle-aged women (82.7%). Half of the studies employed quantitative methods, and half used qualitative methods, with few mixed method or community-engaged approaches (3.7%). Nearly half (40.7%) did not specify a theoretical framework. Findings included complex multi-level factors with few articles exploring the co-occurrence of factors across multiple levels. Conclusions: Future studies should: 1) systematically include Appalachian women at various life stages from under-represented sub-regions; 2) expand the use of rigorous methods and specified theoretical frameworks to account for complex interactions of social-ecological factors; and 3) build upon existing community assets to improve health in this vulnerable population.

A Longitudinal Examination of Building Demolitions On Neighbourhood Crime Rates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C Wo ◽  
Young-An Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Block Groups ◽  
Longitudinal Examination

Abstract Criminological research shows that vacant and dilapidated buildings contribute to higher neighbourhood crime rates. Therefore, the implication is that by physically removing these buildings from a neighbourhood, there will subsequently be a reduction in crime within that neighbourhood. In this study, we focus on the potential crime-reducing benefits of building demolitions—a change in the physical landscape, which may initiate or sustain neighbourhood revitalization. Accordingly, we examine the influence of building demolitions on crime within Philadelphia block groups from 2008 to 2018, controlling for a range of social-ecological factors known to be associated with crime rates. We also differentiate between city and private demolitions to examine the possibility that not all demolitions are created equal in relation to crime.

scholarly journals Social ecological factors associated with experiencing violence among urban refugee and displaced adolescent girls and young women in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen H. Logie ◽  
Moses Okumu ◽  
Simon Mwima ◽  
Robert Hakiza ◽  
Kibathi Peter Irungi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Sexual Relationship ◽  
Relationship Power ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Social Ecological

Abstract Background Research on violence targeting urban forcibly displaced adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) is limited, particularly regarding polyvictimization (exposure to multiple forms of violence). Yet there is a global trend of refugee urbanization, and urban AGYW are at the nexus of violence disparities among adolescents, forcibly displaced persons, and slum dwellers. This study explored factors associated with young adulthood violence (> 16 years) (YAV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) among forcibly displaced AGYW in Kampala, Uganda. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey with forcibly displaced AGYW aged 16–24 from five informal settlement (slum) communities across Kampala (Kabalagala, Rubaga, Kansanga, Katwe, Nsambya) using peer network sampling. We assessed YAV (experienced at age 16 or above) (sexual, physical, emotional violence) and recent (past 12-month) IPV (physical, sexual, control violence). We conducted descriptive statistics, followed by multinomial logistic regression analyses to explore social ecological factors (e.g., intrapersonal: depression; interpersonal: sexual relationship power, community: food insecurity) associated with experiencing YAV and YAV polyvictimization, and IPV and IPV polyvictimization. Results Over half of participants (n = 333; mean age = 19.31; SD = 2.56, range = 16–24) reported YAV (n = 179; 53.7%) and 9.3% (n = 41) reported YAV polyvictimization. Most participants that were in an intimate relationship in the last 12 months (n = 200; 85.8%) reported IPV, among these, 45.5% reported one form of IPV and 54.5% reported IPV polyvictimization. In adjusted analyses, experiencing any YAV was significantly associated with: adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) stigma; sexual relationship power; mobile app usage; depressive symptoms; childhood abuse; and childhood polyvictimization. In adjusted analyses YAV polyvictimization was associated with: depressive symptoms; childhood polyvictimization; sexual relationship power; and food insecurity. Recent IPV polyvictimization in adjusted analyses was associated with owning/using a mobile phone and depressive symptoms. Participants with higher sexual relationship power had lower odds of recent IPV polyvictimization. Conclusion Findings suggest that YAV and IPV polyvictimization require urgent attention among forcibly displaced AGYW in Kampala. Multi-level strategies are required to address intrapersonal e.g. (depression), interpersonal (e.g. childhood abuse, sexual relationship power) and community (e.g. adolescent SRH stigma, food insecurity) factors associated with experiencing violence. Future research can tailor approaches to advance health, agency and human rights among urban forcibly displaced AGYW.

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