Place, Power, and Premature Mortality: A Rapid Scoping Review on the Health of Women in Appalachia

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110113
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Thompson ◽  
Lauren R. Risser ◽  
Madeline N. Dunfee ◽  
Nancy E. Schoenberg ◽  
Jessica G. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Appalachian Women ◽  
Social Ecological

Objective: Appalachian women continue to die younger than in other US regions. We performed a rapid scoping review to summarize women’s health research in Appalachia from 2000 to 2019, including health topics, study populations, theoretical frameworks, methods, and findings. Data Source: We searched bibliographic databases (eg, PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar) for literature focusing on women’s health in Appalachia. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Included articles were: (1) on women’s health in Appalachia; (2) published January 2000 to June 2019; (3) peer-reviewed; and (4) written in English. We excluded studies without reported data findings. Data Extraction: Two coders reviewed articles for descriptive information to create summary tables comparing variables of interest. Data Synthesis: Two coders co-reviewed a sub-sample to ensure consensus and refine data charting categories. We categorized major findings across the social-ecological framework. Results: A search of nearly 2 decades of literature revealed 81 articles, which primarily focused on cancer disparities (49.4%) and prenatal/pregnancy outcomes (23.5%). Many of these research studies took place in Central Appalachia (eg, 42.0% in Kentucky) with reproductive or middle-aged women (82.7%). Half of the studies employed quantitative methods, and half used qualitative methods, with few mixed method or community-engaged approaches (3.7%). Nearly half (40.7%) did not specify a theoretical framework. Findings included complex multi-level factors with few articles exploring the co-occurrence of factors across multiple levels. Conclusions: Future studies should: 1) systematically include Appalachian women at various life stages from under-represented sub-regions; 2) expand the use of rigorous methods and specified theoretical frameworks to account for complex interactions of social-ecological factors; and 3) build upon existing community assets to improve health in this vulnerable population.

Virtual Reality in Medical Students’ Education: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Jiang ◽  
Sunitha Vimalesvaran ◽  
Jeremy King Wang ◽  
Kee Boon Lim ◽  
Sreenivasulu Reddy Mogali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Group Setting

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) is a digital education modality that produces a virtual manifestation of the real world and it has been increasingly used in medical education. As VR encompasses different modalities, tools and applications, there is a need to explore how VR has been employed in medical education. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to map existing research on the use of VR in undergraduate medical education and to identify areas of future research METHODS We performed a search of 4 bibliographic databases in December 2020, with data extracted using a standardized data extraction form. The data was narratively synthesized and reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. RESULTS Of 114 included studies, 69 studies (61%) reported the use of commercially available surgical VR simulators. Other VR modalities included 3D models (15 [14%]) and virtual worlds (20 [18%]), mainly used for anatomy education. Most of the VR modalities included were semi-immersive (68 [60%]) and of high interactivity (79 [70%]). There is limited evidence on the use of more novel VR modalities such as mobile VR and virtual dissection tables (8 [7%]), as well as the use of VR for training of non-surgical and non-psychomotor skills (20 [18%]) or in group setting (16 [14%]). Only 3 studies reported the use conceptual frameworks or theories in the design of VR. CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive research available on VR in medical education, there continues to be important gaps in the evidence. Future studies should explore the use of VR for the development of non-psychomotor skills and in areas other than surgery and anatomy.

scholarly journals A Protocol of Scoping Review of Peak Point Prediction Methods for Epidemic Diseases: Applicable to Coronavirus 2019 Prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Elham Nazari ◽  
Zahra Ebnehoseini ◽  
Hamed Tabesh
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Protocol Study

Introduction: Given, widespread COVID-19 across the world a comprehensive literature review can be used to forecast COVID-19 peak in the countries. The present protocol study aimed to explore epidemic peak prediction models in communicable diseases.Material and Methods: This protocol study was conducted based on Arksey and O'Malley's. This framework encompasses purpose and hypothesis, modeling, model achievements aspects. A systematic search of English in PubMed was conducted to identify relevant studies. In the pilot step, two reviewers independently extracted the variables from 10 eligible studies to develop a primary list of variables and a data extraction form. In the second step, all eligible studies were assessed by researchers. In the third step, two data extraction forms were combined. The data were extracted and categories were created based on frequency. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to synthesize the extracted data.Results: The current study were focused on forecasting the epidemic peak time that is a worlds’ concern issue. The results of current scoping review on prediction methods for epidemic disease can provide foundational knowledge, and have important value for the prediction model studies of COVID-19.Conclusion: Our findings will help researchers by a summary of evidence to present new ideas and further research especially for studies were focused on COVID-19. Our results can improve the understanding of prediction methods for COVID-19.

Resilience of sub-Saharan children and adolescents: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
pp. 136346152093891
Author(s):  
Linda Theron
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mental Health Practitioners ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Sub Saharan

The population of sub-Saharan children and adolescents is substantial and growing. Even though most of this population is vulnerable, there is no comprehensive understanding of the social-ecological factors that could be leveraged by mental health practitioners to support their resilience. The present study undertakes a narrative scoping review of empirical research (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed) on the resilience of children and adolescents living in sub-Saharan Africa to determine what enables their resilience and what may be distinctive about African pathways of child and adolescent resilience. Online databases were used to identify full-text, peer-reviewed papers published 2000–2018, from which we selected 59 publications detailing the resilience of children and/or adolescents living in 18 sub-Saharan countries. Studies show that the resilience of sub-Saharan children and adolescents is a complex, social-ecological process supported by relational, personal, structural, cultural, and/or spiritual resilience-enablers, as well as disregard for values or practices that could constrain resilience. The results support two insights that have implications for how mental health practitioners facilitate the resilience of sub-Saharan children and adolescents: (i) relational and personal supports matter more-or-less equally; and (ii) the capacity for positive adjustment is complexly interwoven with African ways-of-being and -doing.

Women's health inequities during covid-19: a rapid scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Ai-Lien Le ◽  
Sarah Visintini ◽  
Peter Tugwell ◽  
Jennifer Petkovic ◽  
Beverley Shea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Inequities

scholarly journals Use of behavioural activation to manage pain: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e041036
Author(s):  
Sandra Walsh ◽  
Martin Jones ◽  
Richard John Gray ◽  
Marianne Gillam ◽  
Kate M Gunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Behavioural Activation ◽  
Clinician Training ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Clinical Trial Registries

IntroductionChronic pain is a distressing condition and often poorly treated and managed. Psychological therapies are considered first-line intervention for people with chronic pain. Common psychological therapies require extensive clinician training and specialist qualifications. One approach that does not need lengthy training nor specialist qualification, but has empirical support in other health domains, is behavioural activation (BA). BA seeks to increase engagement in behaviours that are valued by the person and progress through behaviours that can increase mood and develop skills that build satisfying routines. BA can help people to manage their condition through scheduling behaviours, promoting routine and mastery over their condition. The extent to which BA has been used to support people living with chronic pain is not clear.Methods and analysisThis scoping review aims to identify published studies describing the application of BA to support people living with chronic pain. To map the evidence regarding BA and chronic pain, including the study type and the associated evidence, a scoping review was adopted. The search will be conducted in bibliographic databases, clinical trial registries and grey literature. No date limits will be applied to the search strategy. Screening of titles and abstracts, and full-text screening, will be independently undertaken by two investigators using Covidence software. Any disagreement between investigators will be resolved by a third investigator. Data from included publications will be extracted using a customised data extraction tool.Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review is an analysis of existing data and therefore ethics approval is not required. The findings of this scoping review will further our understanding of how BA has been used to support people living with chronic pain and inform future training and education programmes in this area.

scholarly journals Current state of the evidence on community treatments for people with complex emotional needs: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ledden ◽  
Luke Sheridan Rains ◽  
Merle Schlief ◽  
Phoebe Barnett ◽  
Brian Chi Fung Ching ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Current State ◽  
Testing Stage

AbstractBackgroundImproving the quality of care in community settings for people with ‘Complex Emotional Needs’ (CEN - our preferred working term for services for people with a “personality disorder” diagnosis or comparable needs) is recognised internationally as a priority. Plans to improve care should be rooted as far as possible in evidence. We aimed to take stock of the current state of such evidence, and identify significant gaps through a scoping review of published investigations of outcomes of community-based psychosocial interventions designed for CEN.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review with systematic searches. We searched six bibliographic databases, including forward and backward citation searching, and reference searching of relevant systematic reviews. We included studies using quantitative methods to test for effects on any clinical, social, and functioning outcomes from community-based interventions for people with CEN.ResultsWe included 226 papers in all (209 studies). Little relevant literature was published before 2000. Since then, publications per year and sample sizes have gradually increased, but most studies are relatively small, including many pilot or uncontrolled studies. Most studies focus on symptom and self-harm outcomes of various forms of specialist psychotherapy: most result in outcomes better than from inactive controls and similar to other specialist psychotherapies. We found large evidence gaps.Adaptation and testing of therapies for significant groups (e.g. people with comorbid psychosis, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder or substance misuse; older and younger groups; parents) have for the most part only reached a feasibility testing stage. We found little evidence regarding interventions to improve social aspects of people’s lives, peer support or ways of designing effective services.ConclusionsCompared with other longer term mental health problems that significantly impair functioning, the evidence base on how to provide high quality care for people with CEN is very limited. There is good evidence that people with CEN can be effectively helped when specialist therapies are available and they are able to engage with them. However, a much more methodologically robust and substantial literature addressing a much wider range of research questions is urgently needed to optimise treatment and support across this group.

scholarly journals Scoping Review of the Person-Centered Literature in Adult Physical Rehabilitation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Jesus ◽  
Felicity AS Bright ◽  
Cátia S Pinho ◽  
Christina Papadimitriou ◽  
Nicola M Kayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Physical Rehabilitation ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Review Protocol

Objective: To map the literature pertaining to adult Person-Centered Rehabilitation (PCR).Data Sources:  Following our previously published scoping review protocol, data were identified through: three major databases, snowball searches and expert consultation.Study Selection: Two independent reviewers identified English-language papers which addressed adult physical rehabilitation and met one or more of the six pre-defined inclusion categories for PCR content. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted key characteristics of included papers (e.g. aims, methods, participants). Quantitative methods (descriptive statistics, regression analysis) and qualitative content analyses were used to synthesize the results.  Data synthesis: Of 5084 unique records initially screened, 145 papers were included: 111 empirical, including 11 systematic reviews. Empirical papers had data from 13498 clients and 3849 providers, in total. Yearly publications grew exponentially from 2000 to 2017 (r²= 0.65; p<0.01). Publications were unevenly distributed by countries (e.g. United States’ publications per population size was 45 times lower than New Zealand’s). Most papers focused in more than one profession, setting-type or health conditions, respectively 57.2%, 66.2%, and 60.7%. Finally, more than half of the empirical papers (53.2%) studied implementation of PCR approaches, including its effect. Conclusion: This scoping review synthesizes key characteristics and publication trends in the PCR literature, which is mainly empirical and growing exponentially over time. Stakeholders can use the identified trends, gaps, and literature map to guide further PCR research, and both clinical and organizational practices. The high prevalence of papers focused on multiple professions, settings-type, or health conditions reinforces the need for developing a transdisciplinary, trans-service model of PCR, which will be derived from a thematic analysis of this body of literature.

scholarly journals Community health workers involvement in preventative care in primary healthcare: a systematic scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e031666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nila Sharma ◽  
Elizabeth Harris ◽  
Jane Lloyd ◽  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry ◽  
Mark Harris
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Original Research

ObjectivesTo review effective models of community health worker (CHW) involvement in preventive care for disadvantaged culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) patients in primary healthcare (PHC) that may be applicable to the Australian context.DesignSystematic scoping review.Data sourcesThe studies were gathered through searching Medline, EMBASE, EMCARE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and online portals of relevant organisations.Eligibility criteriaAll selected studies were original research studies which essentially evaluated preventive intervention undertake by CHWs in PHC. The intervened population were adults with or without diagnosed chronic health disease, culturally and linguistically diverse, or vulnerable due to geographic, economic and/or cultural characteristics that impede or compromise their access to healthcare.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction was undertaken systematically in an excel spreadsheet while the findings were synthesised in a narrative manner. The quality appraisal of the selected studies was performed using effective public health practice project quality assessment tool.ResultsA total of 1066 articles were identified during the initial search of six bibliographic databases. After screening the title, abstract and full text, 37 articles met the selection and methodological criteria and underwent data extraction. A high-quality evidence-base supporting the positive impact of CHWs supporting patients’ access to healthcare and influencing positive behaviour change was found. Positive impacts of CHW interventions included improvements in clinical disease indicators, screening rates and behavioural change. Education-focused interventions were more effective in improving patient behaviour, whereas navigation interventions were most effective in improving access to services. Implementation was enhanced by cultural and linguistic congruence and specific training of CHWs in the intervention but reduced by short duration interventions, dropouts and poor adherence of patients.ConclusionThe evidence generated from this systematic scoping review demonstrates the contribution of CHWs to improving access to preventive care for patients from CALD and disadvantaged backgrounds by providing both education and navigational interventions. More research is needed on CHW training and the incorporation of CHWs into primary health care (PHC) teams.

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