scholarly journals Development of a multiplex microsphere immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against highly pathogenic viruses in human and animal serum samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0008699
Author(s):  
Rebecca Surtees ◽  
Daniel Stern ◽  
Katharina Ahrens ◽  
Nicole Kromarek ◽  
Angelika Lander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Samples ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Microsphere Immunoassay

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Cellular Infection and Therapeutic Opportunities: Lessons Learned from Ebola Virus

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Jordana Muñoz-Basagoiti ◽  
Daniel Perez-Zsolt ◽  
Jorge Carrillo ◽  
Julià Blanco ◽  
Bonaventura Clotet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Cellular Machinery

Viruses rely on the cellular machinery to replicate and propagate within newly infected individuals. Thus, viral entry into the host cell sets up the stage for productive infection and disease progression. Different viruses exploit distinct cellular receptors for viral entry; however, numerous viral internalization mechanisms are shared by very diverse viral families. Such is the case of Ebola virus (EBOV), which belongs to the filoviridae family, and the recently emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. These two highly pathogenic viruses can exploit very similar endocytic routes to productively infect target cells. This convergence has sped up the experimental assessment of clinical therapies against SARS-CoV-2 previously found to be effective for EBOV, and facilitated their expedited clinical testing. Here we review how the viral entry processes and subsequent replication and egress strategies of EBOV and SARS-CoV-2 can overlap, and how our previous knowledge on antivirals, antibodies, and vaccines against EBOV has boosted the search for effective countermeasures against the new coronavirus. As preparedness is key to contain forthcoming pandemics, lessons learned over the years by combating life-threatening viruses should help us to quickly deploy effective tools against novel emerging viruses.

scholarly journals Antibodies to Highly Pathogenic A/H5Nx (Clade 2.3.4.4) Influenza Viruses in the Sera of Vietnamese Residents

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Tatyana Ilyicheva ◽  
Vasily Marchenko ◽  
Olga Pyankova ◽  
Anastasia Moiseeva ◽  
Tran Thi Nhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Virus Variant ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Hemagglutinin Inhibition

To cause a pandemic, an influenza virus has to overcome two main barriers. First, the virus has to be antigenically new to humans. Second, the virus has to be directly transmitted from humans to humans. Thus, if the avian influenza virus is able to pass the second barrier, it could cause a pandemic, since there is no immunity to avian influenza in the human population. To determine whether the adaptation process is ongoing, analyses of human sera could be conducted in populations inhabiting regions where pandemic virus variant emergence is highly possible. This study aimed to analyze the sera of Vietnamese residents using hemagglutinin inhibition reaction (HI) and microneutralization (MN) with A/H5Nx (clade 2.3.4.4) influenza viruses isolated in Vietnam and the Russian Federation in 2017–2018. In this study, we used sera from 295 residents of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam collected from three groups: 52 samples were collected from households in Nam Dinh province, where poultry deaths have been reported (2017); 96 (2017) and 147 (2018) samples were collected from patients with somatic but not infectious diseases in Hanoi. In all, 65 serum samples were positive for HI, at least to one H5 virus used in the study. In MN, 47 serum samples neutralizing one or two viruses at dilutions of 1/40 or higher were identified. We postulate that the rapidly evolving A/H5Nx (clade 2.3.4.4) influenza virus is possibly gradually adapting to the human host, insofar as healthy individuals have antibodies to a wide spectrum of variants of that subtype.

Antivirals with common targets against highly pathogenic viruses

Cell ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 184 (6) ◽  
pp. 1604-1620
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
Shan Su ◽  
Haitao Yang ◽  
Shibo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses

scholarly journals The virome of German bats: comparing virus discovery approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kohl ◽  
Annika Brinkmann ◽  
Aleksandar Radonić ◽  
Piotr Wojtek Dabrowski ◽  
Kristin Mühldorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Virus Discovery ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Viral Sequences

AbstractBats are known to be reservoirs of several highly pathogenic viruses. Hence, the interest in bat virus discovery has been increasing rapidly over the last decade. So far, most studies have focused on a single type of virus detection method, either PCR, virus isolation or virome sequencing. Here we present a comprehensive approach in virus discovery, using all three discovery methods on samples from the same bats. By family-specific PCR screening we found sequences of paramyxoviruses, adenoviruses, herpesviruses and one coronavirus. By cell culture we isolated a novel bat adenovirus and bat orthoreovirus. Virome sequencing revealed viral sequences of ten different virus families and orders: three bat nairoviruses, three phenuiviruses, one orbivirus, one rotavirus, one orthoreovirus, one mononegavirus, five parvoviruses, seven picornaviruses, three retroviruses, one totivirus and two thymoviruses were discovered. Of all viruses identified by family-specific PCR in the original samples, none was found by metagenomic sequencing. Vice versa, none of the viruses found by the metagenomic virome approach was detected by family-specific PCRs targeting the same family. The discrepancy of detected viruses by different detection approaches suggests that a combined approach using different detection methods is necessary for virus discovery studies.

scholarly journals Investigation of Various Diseases Occurred in Poultry and Management Strategies for Eradication

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Sunil Patil ◽  
Chhanwal I.L
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
The World ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Poultry Disease

Poultry plays a significant role in the Indian economy. Around 60 billion chickens are raised per annum as a basis of food for both their eggs and meat. Poultry meat is in significant source of minerals, protein and various vitamins to balance the diet of human. Broiler farming is an important source of family income depending on size of the farm. Chicken farming in Commercial way is the most fruitful business in India and all around the world. Proper farm management practice and care of birds will result in decent profit in a short span of time. In this paper, we are discussing various diseases caused to poultry hen and their preventing or treating methods. Our results shows that some of disease cannot be cured and only it can be prevented. Spreading of disease with the help of contaminated equipment and infected poultry trade is measured as foremost means of spreading of poultry disease. In some countries migratory birds have also been foremost means of spreading of poultry disease like highly pathogenic viruses. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multiplexed Fluorescent Microsphere Immunoassay for Detection of Autoantibodies to Nuclear Antigens

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1054-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Martins ◽  
Rufus Burlingame ◽  
Carlos A. von Mühlen ◽  
Troy D. Jaskowski ◽  
Christine M. Litwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Collagen Vascular Diseases ◽  
Fluorescent Microsphere ◽  
Nuclear Antigens ◽  
Multiplexed Fluorescent Microsphere Immunoassay ◽  
Microsphere Immunoassay

ABSTRACT Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) are found in a variety of collagen vascular diseases. Determining the individual specificities of these antibodies is extremely useful in establishing the disease diagnosis and in some cases the prognosis. With a multiplexed fluorescent microsphere immunoassay, reactivity to five of the most diagnostically useful ENA was measured in 249 serum samples, including samples from 56 patients previously documented to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Results of the multiplexed assay were compared to results from established ENA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and the agreement, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, for the five ENA evaluated were as follows: SSA, 99.1, 100.0, and 98.8%; SSB, 98.6, 88.9, and 99.5%; Sm, 97.6, 95.8, and 97.9%; RNP, 97.2, 92.7, and 98.8%; Scl-70, 93.6, 50.0, and 99.0%. In the 56 confirmed SLE patients, the frequency of significant concentrations of autoantibodies with the multiplexed assay was 21.4% for SSA, 7.1% for SSB, 10.7% for Sm, 32.1% for RNP, and 0% for Scl-70. The new flow cytometric bead-based multiplexed assay showed excellent correlation with the well-established single-analyte ELISA methods for four of five the ENA markers investigated in this study. The most notable discrepancies between the two assays were for the Scl-70 antigen, which was most often resolved in favor of the multiplexed assay. Our studies show that the multiplexed microsphere-based immunoassay is a sensitive and specific method for the detection and semiquantitation of ENA antibodies in human sera.

scholarly journals Effective screening of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in patient serum using lentivirus particles pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Tandon ◽  
Dipanwita Mitra ◽  
Poonam Sharma ◽  
Martin G. McCandless ◽  
Stephen J. Stray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Transduction Efficiency ◽  
Pseudotyped Virus ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

Abstract Pseuodotyped particles have significant importance and use in virology as tools for studying the biology of highly pathogenic viruses in a lower biosafety environment. The biological, chemical, and serological studies of the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 will be greatly aided by the development and optimization of a suitable pseudotyping system. Here, we pseudotyped the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein (SPG) on a traditional retroviral (MMLV) as well as a third generation lentiviral (pLV) vector and tested the transduction efficiency in several mammalian cell lines expressing SARS-CoV-2 receptor hACE2. While MMLV pseudotyped the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G) efficiently, it could not pseudotype the full-length SPG. In contrast, pLV pseudotyped both glycoproteins efficiently; however, much higher titers of pLV-G particles were produced. Among all the tested mammalian cells, 293Ts expressing hACE2 were most efficiently transduced using the pLV-S system. The pLV-S particles were efficiently neutralized by diluted serum (>:640) from recently recovered COVID-19 patients who showed high SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG levels. In summary, pLV-S pseudotyped virus provides a valid screening tool for the presence of anti SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies in convalescent patient serum.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Single-Dose Nucleoside-Modified Messenger RNA Vaccine Encoding Hendra Virus-Soluble Glycoprotein Against Lethal Nipah virus Challenge in Syrian Hamsters

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S493-S498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K Lo ◽  
Jessica R Spengler ◽  
Stephen R Welch ◽  
Jessica R Harmon ◽  
JoAnn D Coleman-McCray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Rna Vaccine

Abstract In the absence of approved vaccines and therapeutics for use in humans, Nipah virus (NiV) continues to cause fatal outbreaks of encephalitis and respiratory disease in Bangladesh and India on a near-annual basis. We determined that a single dose of a lipid nanoparticle nucleoside-modified messenger RNA vaccine encoding the soluble Hendra virus glycoprotein protected up to 70% of Syrian hamsters from lethal NiV challenge, despite animals having suboptimally primed immune responses before challenge. These data provide a foundation from which to optimize future messenger RNA vaccination studies against NiV and other highly pathogenic viruses.

Fully Packaged Portable Thin Film Biosensor for the Direct Detection of Highly Pathogenic Viruses from On-Site Samples

ACS Nano ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 812-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewon Choi ◽  
Minhong Jeun ◽  
Seong-Su Yuk ◽  
Sungwook Park ◽  
Jaebin Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Pathogenesis and Innate Immunomodulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Frieman ◽  
Ralph Baric
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Host Cell Signaling ◽  
Robust Model ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Reading Frames

SUMMARY The modulation of the immune response is a common practice of many highly pathogenic viruses. The emergence of the highly pathogenic coronavirus severe acute respiratory virus (SARS-CoV) serves as a robust model system to elucidate the virus-host interactions that mediate severe end-stage lung disease in humans and animals. Coronaviruses encode the largest positive-sense RNA genome of ∼30 kb, encode a variety of replicase and accessory open reading frames that are structurally unique, and encode novel enzymatic functions among RNA viruses. These viruses have broad or specific host ranges, suggesting the possibility of novel strategies for targeting and regulating host innate immune responses following virus infection. Using SARS-CoV as a model, we review the current literature on the ability of coronaviruses to interact with and modify the host intracellular environment during infection. These studies are revealing a rich set of novel viral proteins that engage, modify, and/or disrupt host cell signaling and nuclear import machinery for the benefit of virus replication.

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