scholarly journals Leishmaniasis: A new method for confirming cure and detecting asymptomatic infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment for autoimmune disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0009662
Author(s):  
Laura Botana ◽  
Ana Victoria Ibarra-Meneses ◽  
Carmen Sanchez ◽  
Belen Matia ◽  
Juan Victor San Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Th1 Immune Response ◽  
Risk Of Relapse ◽  
Stimulation Of

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in patients receiving immunosuppressant drugs for autoimmune disease has been on the rise. It is important—but difficult—to know when cure has been achieved in these patients since the withdrawal of immunosuppressants during antileishmania treatment is commonly required, and there is a risk of relapse when immunosuppression is restored. The prevalence of asymptomatic infection among those immunosuppressed for autoimmune disease is also uncertain. The present work describes how cytokine release assays can be used to confirm the cure of VL, and to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic infection, in such patients. After collection of blood from volunteers (n = 108), SLA-stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and of whole blood was found to induce the production of different combinations of cytokines that served to confirm recovery from VL, and asymptomatic Leishmania infection. Indeed, cure was confirmed in 14 patients, all of whom showed a specific Th1 immune response against Leishmania, and the prevalence of asymptomatic infection was determined as 21.27%. Cytokine profiles could be used to manage VL in patients with autoimmune disease, and to identify and better protect those with asymptomatic infection who are at risk of developing this disease.

scholarly journals 9-O-Acetylated Sialoglycoproteins Are Important Immunomodulators in Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angana Ghoshal ◽  
Sumi Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Bibhuti Saha ◽  
Chitra Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Response ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

ABSTRACT Overexpression of disease-associated 9-O-acetylated sialoglycoproteins (9-O-AcSGPs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients (PBMCVL) compared to their levels of expression in healthy individuals has been demonstrated using a lectin, achatinin-H, with specificity toward 9-O-acetylated sialic acid derivatives α2-6 linkage with subterminal N-acetylgalactosamine (9-O-AcSAα2-6GalNAc). The decreased presence of disease-associated 9-O-AcSGPs on different immune cells of parasitologically cured individuals after successful treatment relative to the levels in patients with active VL prior to treatment was demonstrated. However, their contributory role as immunomodulatory determinants on PBMCVL remained unexplored. Accordingly, 9-O-AcSGPs on PBMCVL were sensitized with achatinin-H, leading to their enhanced proliferation compared to that observed with different known mitogens or parasite antigen. This lymphoproliferative response was characterized by evaluation of the TH1/TH2 response by intracellular staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for secreted cytokines, and the results were corroborated by their genetic expression. Sensitized PBMCVL evidenced a mixed TH1/TH2 cellular response with a predominance of the TH1 response, indicating the ability of 9-O-AcSGPs to modulate the host cell toward a favorable response. Interestingly, the humoral and cellular responses showed a good correlation. Further, high levels of anti-9-O-AcSGP antibodies with an order of distribution of immunoglobulin M (IgM) > IgG1 = IgG3 > IgG4 > IgG2 > IgE could be explained by a mixed TH1/TH2 response. A good correlation of enhanced 9-O-AcSGPs with both the cell-mediated (r = 0.98) and humoral (r = 0.99) response was observed. In summary, it may be concluded that sensitization of 9-O-AcSGPs on PBMCVL may provide a basis for the modulation of the host's immune response by their controlled expression, leading to a beneficial immune response and influencing the disease pathology.

MicroRNA-21 Deficiency Promotes the Early Th1 Immune Response and Resistance toward Visceral Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
pp. ji2001099
Author(s):  
Sanjay Varikuti ◽  
Chaitenya Verma ◽  
Erin Holcomb ◽  
Bijay Kumar Jha ◽  
Agostinho Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Th1 Immune Response

Stepping out of the shadow: STIM2 promotes IL-3–induced cytokine release

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (576) ◽  
pp. eaax0210
Author(s):  
Dalia Alansary ◽  
Barbara A. Niemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Efficient Immune Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

Basophils are a small population of innate immune cells, but their release of the cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) is important for mounting an efficient immune response against distinct parasites. Yoshikawa et al. (in the 9 April 2019 issue) showed that whereas STIM1 is essential for IL-4 release after stimulation of FcεRI, STIM2 mediates a delayed IL-3/IL-33–induced IL-4 release independent of STIM1.

Immunochemotherapy for visceral leishmaniasis: Combinatorial action of Miltefosine plus LBSapMPL vaccine improves adaptative Th1 immune response with control of splenic parasitism in experimental hamster model

Parasitology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Lívia Mendes Carvalho ◽  
Miriã Rodrigues Gusmão ◽  
Ana Flávia Pereira Costa ◽  
Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito ◽  
Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar-Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Th1 Immune Response

DETECTION OF LEISHMANIA INFECTION IN STRAY DOGS IN HUMAN LEISHMANIASIS ENDEMIC AREA IN MYMENSINGH DISTRICT WITH ITS POSSIBLE PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hossen
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Strip Test

Background: Leishmaniasis is primarily caused by two species of Leishmania (L. donovani and L. infantum) of which clinical infection with L. infantum has been recognized in both humans and dogs as zoonotic disease with dogs as the main reservoir hosts in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Asia and South America. Although L. donovani has been associated with both clinical and asymptomatic infection in humans but it is still associated with asymptomatic infection in dogs in Indian sub-continent without any evidence of zoonotic infection. Objectives: The objective of this research was to investigate the potentiality of dog as reservoir host for visceral leishmaniasis in the human leishmaniasis endemic regions in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 stray dogs in the human VL endemic areas of Mymensingh district were captured for the detection VL during the period of November 2010 to May 2011. The dipstick test rK39 (Bios International; n = 20), Giemsa’s stained impression smears of liver and spleen (n = 6) and PCR with the tissue of liver and spleen (n = 6) were tested as per manufacturer instructions and conventional standard methods. Results: Out of 20 stray dogs examined, 4 (20.0%) were positive for L. donovani infection with rK39 strip test. Of the six randomly selected dogs tested with Modified Giemsa’s stained of impression smears of spleen and liver showed 2 (33.33%) positive whereas PCR technique detected 5 (83.33%) positive for L. donovani. Results of PCR showed 145bp amplicon, specific for L. donovani infection in 83.33% stray dogs. Conclusions: This study reveals that a high percentage of L. donovani asymptomatic carrier infections occur in dogs and evidence indicates that dogs and humans may potentially serve as a source of infection to sand fly vectors and accordingly dogs can be recognized as a probable animal reservoir for the Leishmania infection in the endemic region in Bangladesh. However, further studies are required to determine the ability of dogs to transmit the L. donovani to the vector sand fly in nature and its evidence on ‘One Health’ perspectives. Keywords: Visceral leishmaniasis, Endemic region, Stray dogs, rK39 strip test, Giemsa’s stained liver and spleen impression smears, PCR, Reservoir host, Mymensingh

scholarly journals H-Ras gene takes part to the host immune response to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Sciacchitano ◽  
Andrea Sacconi ◽  
Claudia De Vitis ◽  
Giovanni Blandino ◽  
Giulia Piaggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Ras Gene ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Ras Genes

AbstractRas gene family members play a relevant role in cancer, especially when they are mutated. However, they may play additional roles in other conditions beside cancer. We performed gene expression analysis using the NanoString PanCancer IO 360 panel in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of six COVID-19 patients and we found that H-Ras gene was significantly upregulated, while both K-Ras and N-Ras genes were downregulated. In particular, H-Ras gene upregulation was more evident in COVID-19 patients with a more severe disease. We compared our results with those obtained by analyzing two different and independent datasets, including a total of 53 COVID-19 patients, in which the gene expression analysis was performed using the Immunology_V2 panel. Comparative analysis of the H-Ras gene expression in these patients confirmed our preliminary results. In both of them, in fact, we were able to confirm the upregulation of the expression of the H-Ras gene. The exact role of this specific upregulation of the H-Ras gene in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its possible role in cancer still remains to be elucidated. In conclusion, H-Ras gene participates to the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, especially in patients affected by the most severe form of the COVID-19.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document