scholarly journals Successful Determination of Larval Dispersal Distances and Subsequent Settlement for Long-Lived Pelagic Larvae

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e32788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelayo Salinas-de-León ◽  
Timothy Jones ◽  
James J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Pelagic Larvae ◽  
Dispersal Distances

scholarly journals Stock structure and connectivity of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence: Do benthic movements matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2096-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan L. Morse ◽  
Brady K. Quinn ◽  
Michel Comeau ◽  
Rémy Rochette
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Location Management ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Stock Structure ◽  
Pelagic Larvae ◽  
Upstream Direction ◽  
Dispersal Distances

The long-range dispersal of pelagic larvae is often assumed to be the dominant force behind connectivity in the marine environment, with little consideration given to benthic movements. We analyzed data from an American lobster (Homarus americanus) tagging study (1980–1996) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during which 37 579 adults from 14 locations were tagged and 6296 were recaptured after 1–6 years at large. The 10th percentile greatest distance moved by tagged lobsters after 1 year at large contributed to demographic connectivity between neighbouring statistical districts, fishing ports, and (in one location) management areas. Considering the incremental dispersal of lobsters after 2 versus 1 year at large, we estimated that the 10th percentile greatest benthic dispersal distances after 1, 2, and 5 years at large represented, respectively, 7%, 14%, and 35% of larval dispersal in the “downstream” direction and 75%, 111%, and 220% of larval dispersal in the “upstream” direction (similar results obtained based on mean dispersal values). We conclude that more attention should be given to benthic movements in estimating connectivity and stock structure in American lobster.

Larval dispersal of Pocillopora damicornis at high latitude coral communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Hanny Tioho
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Scleractinian Coral ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Latitudinal Range ◽  
Outer Area

In order to elucidate the patterns of dispersal in scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis near the northern limit of its latitudinal range, a total of 50 colonies (15-25 cm in diameter) of this coral were collected from Ooshima Island, Japan, and transplanted within one hour to the area of Satsuki, where they were not present before. Three concentric areas were established such as; the parental area (PA), intermediate area (IA) and outer area (OA). A total of 831 new corals were found in 1997 while 54.3% of these occurred in PA, 30.5% in IA and 15.1% in OA. In 1998, 52.3% of recruits settled in PA, 30.5% in IA and 17.2% in OA. A significant difference in the density of recruits was found among three areas, but recruit density was not significantly different between years and there was no interaction between area and year. There was no significant difference in the number of recruits among different directions, indicating no tendency for larvae to be concentrated in one particular direction. The present study suggests that the planulae of P. damicornis have limited dispersal distances at high-latitudes© Untuk menjelaskan pola penyebaran karang scleractinia Pocillopora damicornis yang berada di batas Utara penyebarannya, total 50 koloni (15-25 cm) dari karang ini dikumpulkan dari Pulau Ooshima, Jepang, dan di transplantasikan dalam waktu satu jam ke daerah Satsuki yang tidak ditemukan jenis ini. Tiga daerah ditetapkan yaitu, Daerah Induk (PA), Daerah Tengah (IA), dan Daerah Luar (OA). Sebanyak 831 karang baru ditemukan pada tahun 1997, sementara 54,3% ditemukan di PA, 30,5% di IA dan 15,1% di OA. Pada tahun 1998, 52,3% ditemukan di PA, 30,5% di IA, dan 17,2% di OA. Ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan untuk kepadatan antara ketiga daerah tersebut, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antar tahun dan tidak ada interaksi antara daerah dan tahun. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam jumlah pada arah yang berbeda sehingga hal ini menunjukkan tidak ada kecenderungan bagi larva untuk terkonsentrasi pada satu arah tertentu. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa planula P.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Larval Dispersal, Gene Flow, and Connectivity

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Marine Connectivity ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Long Timescales ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Planktonic Larval Duration

Does the dispersal of planktonic larvae promote strong connections between marine populations? Here we describe some of the most commonly used population- and individual-based genetic methods that have enhanced our understanding of larval dispersal and marine connectivity. Both approaches have strengths and weaknesses. Choosing between them depends on whether researchers want to know about average effective rates of connectivity over long timescales (over hundreds to thousands of generations) or recent patterns of connectivity on shorter timescales (one to two generations). The use of both approaches has improved our understanding of larval dispersal distances, the relationship between realized dispersal (from genetics) and dispersal potential (from planktonic larval duration), and the crucial distinction between genetic and demographic connectivity. Although rarely used together, combining population- and individual-based inferences from genetic data will likely further enrich our understanding of the scope and scale of larval dispersal in marine systems.

scholarly journals Probability of successful larval dispersal declines fivefold over 1 km in a coral reef fish

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1735) ◽  
pp. 1883-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Buston ◽  
Geoffrey P. Jones ◽  
Serge Planes ◽  
Simon R. Thorrold
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Marine Population ◽  
Amphiprion Percula ◽  
Distance Distributions ◽  
Dispersal Distances

A central question of marine ecology is, how far do larvae disperse? Coupled biophysical models predict that the probability of successful dispersal declines as a function of distance between populations. Estimates of genetic isolation-by-distance and self-recruitment provide indirect support for this prediction. Here, we conduct the first direct test of this prediction, using data from the well-studied system of clown anemonefish ( Amphiprion percula ) at Kimbe Island, in Papua New Guinea. Amphiprion percula live in small breeding groups that inhabit sea anemones. These groups can be thought of as populations within a metapopulation. We use the x- and y -coordinates of each anemone to determine the expected distribution of dispersal distances (the distribution of distances between each and every population in the metapopulation). We use parentage analyses to trace recruits back to parents and determine the observed distribution of dispersal distances. Then, we employ a logistic model to (i) compare the observed and expected dispersal distance distributions and (ii) determine the relationship between the probability of successful dispersal and the distance between populations. The observed and expected dispersal distance distributions are significantly different ( p < 0.0001). Remarkably, the probability of successful dispersal between populations decreases fivefold over 1 km. This study provides a framework for quantitative investigations of larval dispersal that can be applied to other species. Further, the approach facilitates testing biological and physical hypotheses for the factors influencing larval dispersal in unison, which will advance our understanding of marine population connectivity.

Evidence of genetic differentiation in cigar wrasse Cheilio inermis (Labridae) within the western Indian Ocean

Genome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 493-502
Author(s):  
Sisanda Mayekiso ◽  
Gavin Gouws ◽  
Monica Mwale ◽  
Ofer Gon
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Pelagic Larvae ◽  
Atpase 6

Patterns of genetic structure and connectivity of the monotypic cigar wrasse Cheilio inermis within western Indian Ocean (WIO) are poorly understood. Whether the species exists as a single panmictic population across the WIO is unclear. Sequence data were generated from two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and ATPase 6) and one nuclear intron (S7 intron I). High levels of haplotype and allelic diversity (h = 0.88–0.98; A = 0.95–0.98), along with low nucleotide diversities were observed across all markers. The pairwise ΦST values indicated differentiation of Tanga from the four WIO localities (Inhaca, Nosy Bé, Gazi, and Shimoni), as well as differentiation between the northernmost WIO localities. AMOVAs indicated high differentiation among defined locality groups, whereas nuclear gene analysis found little differentiation among groups. The observed genetic differentiation in C. inermis could be caused by oceanic barriers, and by limited larval dispersal with the pelagic larvae possibly settling near their parental origin and promoting differentiation.

Modeling no-take marine reserves in regulated fisheries: assessing the role of larval dispersal

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2509-2523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey R. McGilliard ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
The Impact

We explored the effects of larval dispersal distance on the impact of no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) implemented in fisheries with catch regulations. NTMRs exist in many fisheries with harvest regulated by annual catch limits. In these fisheries, catch is taken from outside NTMRs, potentially resulting in reduced abundance outside NTMRs and an overall reduction in catch. We used a spatial model with two life stages (larvae and adults) to evaluate the effects of larval dispersal distance for fisheries managed by a total allowable catch (TAC) and an NTMR. We examined effects of the timing of density-dependent mortality in relation to larval movement. Abundance reached similar values for populations with long and short larval dispersal distances. Catch declined substantially for stocks with short larval dispersal distances. When larval dispersal distances were long, catch declined to values below maximum sustainable yield (MSY), but stabilized. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) declined to 9% of CPUE at MSY for stocks with short distance larval dispersal after the implementation of an NTMR; with long distance larval dispersal, CPUE declined to approximately 50% or less of the CPUE at MSY. The CPUE did not reflect trends in abundance after the implementation of an NTMR.

Evidence for limited larval dispersal in black rockfish (Sebastes melanops): implications for population structure and marine-reserve design

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1723-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Miller ◽  
A L Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Reserve Design ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Sebastes Melanops ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Few Data

Although dispersal distances of marine larvae influence gene flow and the establishment of population structure, few data on realized dispersal distances exist for marine species. We combined otolith microstructure and micro chemistry of black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) to assess their potential to provide relative estimates of larval dispersal distance. In 2001 and 2002 we measured trace elements at discrete otolith regions, representing the (i) egg/early-larval, (ii) pelagic larval, and (iii) late-larval/early-juvenile periods of fish collected at three locations 120–460 km apart. Discriminant-function analyses based on geochemical signatures at each otolith region accurately grouped an average of 85% (jackknife =  67%) and 87% (jackknife = 81%) of the fish to collection location in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Age at collection ranged from 83 to 174 days and parturition dates within each site were spread over a 22- to 66-day period. Therefore, individuals within sites were not released at similar times. A probable explanation of these data is that larvae from different geographic locations did not mix during ontogeny and possibly did not disperse long distances alongshore. Larval dispersal distances may be appreciably shorter, <120 km, than previously assumed based on models of passive dispersal.

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