scholarly journals Protein Malnutrition Impairs the Immune Response and Influences the Severity of Infection in a Hamster Model of Chronic Visceral Leishmaniasis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e89412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Carrillo ◽  
Mª Angeles Jimenez ◽  
Carmen Sanchez ◽  
Joana Cunha ◽  
Camila Marinelli Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
Hamster Model

Experimental mixed infection ofLeishmania(Leishmania)amazonensisandLeishmania(L.)infantumin hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1191-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORDANNA LUÍZA DE LIMA CELESTE ◽  
ANA PAULA VENUTO MOURA ◽  
JOÃO CARLOS FRANÇA-SILVA ◽  
GABRIELA MATOS DE SOUSA ◽  
SORAIA OLIVEIRA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
South America ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Masses

SUMMARYIn South America, visceral leishmaniasis is frequently caused byLeishmania infantumand, at an unknown frequency, byLeishmania amazonensis. Therefore, mixed infections with these organisms are possible. Mixed infections might affect the clinical course, immune response, diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology of the disease. Here we describe the clinical course of mixed infections withL. amazonensisandL. infantumin a hamster model. We show that mixed infections are associated with more severe clinical disease than infection withL. amazonensisorL. infantumalone. In spleens with mixed infections,L. infantumoutcompetedL. amazonensisin the tissue, but not in culture from tissue. We found increased levels of IgG in animals infected withL. infantum.Although more than 30 bands were revealed in a Western blot, the highest immunogenicity was observed with proteins having molecular masses of 95 and 90 kDa, whereas proteins with molecular masses of lower than 50 kDa were reactive frequently with serum from hamsters infected withL. amazonensis, and proteins with molecular masses of 80 and 70 kDa were reactive only with serum from hamsters infected withL. infantum. This finding has important implications regarding the biology ofLeishmaniaand humoral immune responses to infections with these organisms.

Immunochemotherapy for visceral leishmaniasis: Combinatorial action of Miltefosine plus LBSapMPL vaccine improves adaptative Th1 immune response with control of splenic parasitism in experimental hamster model

Parasitology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Lívia Mendes Carvalho ◽  
Miriã Rodrigues Gusmão ◽  
Ana Flávia Pereira Costa ◽  
Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito ◽  
Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar-Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Th1 Immune Response

Oral combination of eugenol oleate and miltefosine induce immune response during experimental visceral leishmaniasis through nitric oxide generation with advanced cytokine demand

Cytokine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 155623
Author(s):  
Amrita Kar ◽  
Mamilla R. Charan Raja ◽  
Adithyan Jayaraman ◽  
Sujatha Srinivasan ◽  
Joy Debnath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Cytokine expression in the duodenal mucosa of patients with visceral leishmaniasis

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kleber Giovanni Luz ◽  
Felipe Francisco Tuon ◽  
Maria Irma Seixas Duarte ◽  
Guilherme Mariz Maia ◽  
Paulo Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Ifn Γ

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease with a complex immune response in different organs. This pattern of organ-specific immune response has never been evaluated in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the in situ immune response in duodenal biopsies on patients with VL. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 13 patients with VL in comparison with nine controls. The immune response was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, for CD4, CD8, CD68, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10. Histological findings from the villi, crypts and inflammatory process were analyzed. RESULTS: All the cases of VL presented Leishmania antigens. No antigen was detected in the control group. The villus size was greater in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CD68 (macrophages) and CD4 levels were higher in the VL patients (p < 0.05). No differences in the expression of CD8, TNF-α, IL-10 or IL-4 were demonstrated. The number of cells expressing IFN-γ was lower in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of cytokines were found in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with VL. This pattern was not found in other organs affected by the disease. Immunotolerance of this tissue against Leishmania could explain these findings, as occurs with intestinal bacteria.

scholarly journals Defect in the tissue cellular immune response: experimental visceral leishmaniasis in euthymic C57BL/6 ep/ep mice.

1990 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 3893-3898 ◽  
Author(s):  
K E Squires ◽  
M Kirsch ◽  
S C Silverstein ◽  
A Acosta ◽  
M J McElrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Increased levels of cortisol are associated with the severity of experimental visceral leishmaniasis in a Leishmania (L.) infantum-hamster model

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0009987
Author(s):  
Tayany de D. Barros-Gonçalves ◽  
Andrea F. Saavedra ◽  
Luzinei da Silva-Couto ◽  
Raquel P. Ribeiro-Romão ◽  
Milla Bezerra-Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation

Background Several infectious diseases are associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disorders by elevating circulating glucocorticoids (GCs), which are known to have an immunosuppressive potential. We conducted this study in golden hamsters, a suitable model human visceral leishmaniasis (VL), to investigate the relationship of Leishmania (L.) infantum infection on cortisol production and VL severity. Methods L. infantum-infected (n = 42) and uninfected hamsters (n = 30) were followed-up at 30, 120, and 180 days post-infection (dpi). Plasma cortisol was analyzed by radioimmunoassay and cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and arginase by RT-qPCR. Results All hamsters showed splenomegaly at 180 dpi. Increased parasite burden was associated with higher arginase expression and lower iNOS induction. Cortisol levels were elevated in infected animals in all-time points evaluated. Except for monocytes, all other leucocytes showed a strong negative correlation with cortisol, while transaminases were positively correlated. Immunological markers as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and transforming growth-factor-β (TGF-β) were positively correlated to cortisol production, while interferon-γ (IFN-γ) presented a negative correlation. A network analysis showed cortisol as an important knot linking clinical status and immunological parameters. Conclusions These results suggest that L. infantum increases the systemic levels of cortisol, which showed to be associated with hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters associated to VL severity.

scholarly journals Protection against Lethal Leptospirosis after Vaccination with LipL32 Coupled or Coadministered with the B Subunit of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
André A. Grassmann ◽  
Samuel R. Félix ◽  
Carolina Ximendes dos Santos ◽  
Marta G. Amaral ◽  
Amilton C. P. Seixas Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
A Subunit

ABSTRACTLeptospirosis, a worldwide zoonosis, lacks an effective, safe, and cross-protective vaccine. LipL32, the most abundant, immunogenic, and conserved surface lipoprotein present in all pathogenic species ofLeptospira, is a promising antigen candidate for a recombinant vaccine. However, several studies have reported a lack of protection when this protein is used as a subunit vaccine. In an attempt to enhance the immune response, we used LipL32 coupled to or coadministered with the B subunit of theEscherichia coliheat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) in a hamster model of leptospirosis. After homologous challenge with 5× the 50% lethal dose (LD50) ofLeptospira interrogans, animals vaccinated with LipL32 coadministered with LTB and LTB::LipL32 had significantly higher survival rates (P< 0.05) than animals from the control group. This is the first report of a protective immune response afforded by a subunit vaccine using LipL32 and represents an important contribution toward the development of improved leptospirosis vaccines.

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