Host Use Patterns by the European Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in Its Native and Invaded Range

AbstractSirex noctilioFabricius (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) is rare and rarely studied where it is native in Eurasia, but is a widespread pest of pines in the Southern Hemisphere. Here we report on the abundance, basic biology, host use patterns and natural enemies of nativeS. noctilioin Galicia, Spain. Most trees attacked byS. noctiliofailed to produce any adult progeny: >90% of emergences came from <20% of the attacked trees. The highest reproduction was inPinus pinaster, followed byPinus sylvestrisandPinus radiata.The proportions ofS. noctiliorequiring 1, 2 or 3 years for development were 0.72: 0.24: 0.04. Delayed development could be an adaptation to avoid parasitic nematodes, which sterilized 41.5% adults with one year generation time but only 19% of adults with 2 years generation time. Hymenoptera parasitoids accounted for 20% mortality. Sex ratios were male biased at 1: 2.9. Body size and fecundity were highly variable and lower than previously reported from the Southern Hemisphere. On attacked trees, there were 5–20 attacks per standard log (18 dm2), with usually 1–3 drills per attack. Attack densities and drills per attack were higher in trees that subsequently died. The production ofS. noctilioper log was positively related to total attacks, and negatively related to: (1) attack density, (2) incidence of blue stain fromOphiostomafungi and (3) frequency of lesions in plant tissue around points of attack. A preliminary life table for S.noctilioin Galicia estimated effects on potential population growth rate from (in decreasing order of importance) host suitability, unequal sex ratio, parasitic nematodes and Hymenoptera parasitoids.

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Composition and Host-Use Patterns of a Scarab Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Community Inhabiting the Canopy of a Lowland Tropical Rainforest in Southern Venezuela

The Coleopterists Bulletin ◽

10.1649/0010-065x-73.1.149 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 149 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Susan Kirmse ◽

Brett C. Ratcliffe

Keyword(s):

Tropical Rainforest ◽

Host Use ◽

Scarab Beetle ◽

Use Patterns

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Host-use Patterns ofEriotremex formosanus(Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in South Carolina, U.S.A.

Entomological News ◽

10.3157/021.121.0118 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 97-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael D. Ulyshen ◽

James L. Hanula

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Host Use ◽

Use Patterns

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Geography and major host evolutionary transitions shape the resource use of plant parasites

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1608381113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (35) ◽

pp. 9840-9845 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Joaquín Calatayud ◽

José Luis Hórreo ◽

Jaime Madrigal-González ◽

Alain Migeon ◽

Miguel Á. Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resource Use ◽

Phylogenetic Signal ◽

Host Use ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Evolutionary Transitions ◽

Use Patterns ◽

Parasite Communities ◽

Plant Parasites ◽

Theory Of Island Biogeography ◽

Globally Distributed

The evolution of resource use in herbivores has been conceptualized as an analog of the theory of island biogeography, assuming that plant species are islands separated by phylogenetic distances. Despite its usefulness, this analogy has paradoxically led to neglecting real biogeographical processes in the study of macroevolutionary patterns of herbivore–plant interactions. Here we show that host use is mostly determined by the geographical cooccurrence of hosts and parasites in spider mites (Tetranychidae), a globally distributed group of plant parasites. Strikingly, geography accounts for most of the phylogenetic signal in host use by these parasites. Beyond geography, only evolutionary transitions among major plant lineages (i.e., gymnosperms, commelinids, and eudicots) shape resource use patterns in these herbivores. Still, even these barriers have been repeatedly overcome in evolutionary time, resulting in phylogenetically diverse parasite communities feeding on similar hosts. Therefore, our results imply that patterns of apparent evolutionary conservatism may largely be a byproduct of the geographic cooccurrence of hosts and parasites.

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Host Associations of Culex (Melanoconion) atratus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex (Melanoconion) pilosus from Florida, USA

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10080239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lawrence E. Reeves ◽

Isaiah Hoyer ◽

Carolina Acevedo ◽

Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

The United States ◽

Host Use ◽

Use Patterns ◽

Mammalian Blood ◽

Southeastern Coastal Plain ◽

Southern Florida ◽

Invasive Exotic ◽

Blood Meals ◽

Host Associations

Characterizing the host-use patterns of mosquitoes is an essential component of understanding the transmission dynamics of mosquito-vectored pathogens. The host associations of two species of the medically important Culex subgenus Melanoconion, Culex atratus, and Culex pilosus are unknown or unclear, respectively. Both species have wide neotropical distributions. In the United States of America (USA), Culex pilosus occurs throughout the southeastern coastal plain, while Culex atratus is restricted to the southern Florida Peninsula. Using PCR-based blood meal analysis, we investigated the host associations of Culex atratus and Culex pilosus that were collected from Everglades National Park, Florida, USA We identified the host species of 208 Culex atratus and 168 Culex pilosus. Both species were narrowly associated with reptilian host species, particularly native and non-native lizards of the genus Anolis. Sampled Culex atratus exclusively fed on reptilian hosts, with >99% of blood meals derived from Anolis lizards. Culex pilosus fed predominantly from reptiles, but avian and mammalian blood meals were also detected. Of these, 92% of blood meals were derived from Anolis species. For both species, Anolis sagrei, an invasive exotic lizard in Florida, was the most frequently detected host species. These data indicate that Culex atratus and Culex pilosus are specialists of reptilian hosts, particularly Anolis lizards.

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Systematics of Nitidulinae (Coleoptera:Nitidulidae): phylogenetic relationships, convexity and the origin of phallalophagy

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/it98016 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 845 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Richard A. B.Leschen

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

A Priori ◽

Significant Shift ◽

Host Use ◽

Additional Species ◽

Character Analysis ◽

Adult Morphology ◽

Use Patterns

Nitiduline beetle genera of the Cyllodes complex arestudied in the context of a phylogenetic analysis of 19 ingroup and eightoutgroup taxa and 63 characters derived from adult morphology and hostrelationship. In this analysis, the Cyllodes complex isshown to be monophyletic. By eliminating the problematic taxonCamptodes and a priori weightingof the presence/absence of procoxal rests, two monophyletic taxa areobtained within the Cyllodes complex(Cyllodes and Oxycnemus groups). Aphylogenetic analysis of 13 terminal taxa represented by larval and adultsemaphoronts shows a monophyletic Cyllodes complex inone of two trees. The Cyllodes complex is formallyrecognised as Cyllodini Everts, containing two or more monophyletic groupsthat are recognised on an informal basis. The Oxycnemusgroup is well supported and may include the enigmatic genusCamptodes. Taxonomic actions include two synonymiesunder Apsectochilus Reitter (=Meoncerus Sharp, syn. nov.; =Lordyrops Reitter, syn. nov.) and type speciesdesignations for Neotropical genera described by David Sharp(Apsectochilus, Eusphaerius,Mecyllodes, and Somatoxus).Carinocyllodes, gen. nov. (type species:Eusphaerius lubricus Leschen & Carlton) is describedand includes two additional species (C. belli, sp. nov.and C. depressus, sp.nov.).Convexity is a character complex in nitidulids, and must be partitioned forphylogenetic reconstruction and character analysis. Two classes of charactervariation (dependent and independent) are discussed with regard to theevolution of convexity in the context of cladograms. A highly convex form withthe capability to roll into a ball by tucking the head beneath the prothoraxhas evolved at least one or more times in Nitidulidae and several times inunrelated beetle families.Fungal host-use patterns are highly concordant with the phylogenetic branchingpattern in Cyllodini. Most members are associated with large-bodiedBasidiomycetes, with the exception of Camptodes whichoccurs on flowers and develops in rotten vegetation. Most species of theOxycnemus group are restricted to Phallales, an obligatehost pattern that is old relative to those associations in the remainingCyllodini that occur on other fungi. Another significant shift occurred fromphallalophagy to phytophagy if the hypothesis is accepted thatCamptodes is a member of theOxycnemus group.

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Identification of Uranotaenia sapphirina as a specialist of annelids broadens known mosquito host use patterns

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-018-0096-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lawrence E. Reeves ◽

Chris J. Holderman ◽

Erik M. Blosser ◽

Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman ◽

Akito Y. Kawahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Use ◽

Use Patterns

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Behavioral traits and territoriality in the symbiotic scaleworm Ophthalmonoe pettiboneae

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91810-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Temir A. Britayev ◽

Daniel Martin

Keyword(s):

Uniform Distribution ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Territorial Behavior ◽

Host Use ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

Symbiotic Associations ◽

Behavioral Traits ◽

Aggressive Interactions ◽

Use Patterns ◽

Conspecific Recognition

AbstractAmong marine invertebrates, polychaete worms form symbiotic associations showing a wide variety of host use patterns. Most commonly, they live solitary on hosts, likely resulting from territorial behavior, yet little is known of the precise nature of the involved interactions. Based on field and laboratory observations, we described the symbiotic association between Ophthalmonoe pettibonae and Chaetopterus cf. appendiculatus from Nhatrang Bay (Vietnam). Then, by experimentally manipulating the competitor-to-resource ratio, we analyzed symbiont behavior and we assessed whether the 1:1 uniform distribution observed in nature could be driven by agonistic territorial behavior. Hosts and symbiont populations had low densities, lacked size relationships and showed higher prevalence when denser. Symbiont behavior included territoriality, expressed through conspecific recognition and intraspecific aggressive interactions (pursuit and escaping, hiding, choosing position, aggressive fighting, and targeting a specific bite zone). Our experiments proved that territoriality led to host monopolization by a single symbiont, provided the first empirical evidence that symbiont body injuries were caused during territorial contests, and allowed us to first suggest that a marine symbiotic invertebrate may control a territory extending beyond its host, even including neighboring hosts. Overall, this is the first report of such a complex symbiotic behavior for an annelid polychaete.

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