Effect of Lipopolysaccharide on Glucocorticoid Receptor Function in Control Nasal Mucosa Fibroblasts and in Fibroblasts from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Asthma

Chronic rhinosinusitis of the nasal mucosa is an inflammatory disease of paranasal sinuses, which causes rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and hyposmia, and in some cases, it can result in the development of nasal polyposis. Nasal polyps are benign lobular-shaped growths that project in the nasal cavities; they originate from inflammation in the paranasal mucous membrane and are associated with a high expression of interleukins (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IgE. Polyps derive from the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of the nasal epithelium resulting in a nasal tissue remodeling. Nasal polyps from three patients with chronic rhinosinusitis as well as control non-polyp nasal mucosa were used to isolate and cultivate mesenchymal stem cells characterized as CD73+, CD90+, CD105+/CD14−, CD34−, and CD45−. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultures were induced to differentiate toward adipocytes, where lipid droplets and adipocyte genes PPARγ2, ADIPO-Q, and FABP4 were observed in control non-polyp nasal mucosa-derived mesenchymal cells but were scarcely present in the cultures derived from the nasal polyps, where apoptosis was evident. The modulation of the response to adipogenic stimulus in polyps represents a change in the molecular response that controls the cascade required for differentiation as well as possible means to specifically target these cells, sparing the normal mucosa of the nasal sinuses.

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Different effects of allergic rhinitis on nasal mucosa remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology ◽

10.1007/s00405-018-5195-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 276 (1) ◽

pp. 115-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rong Xiang ◽

Qing-ping Zhang ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Yong-gang Kong ◽

Lu Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Nasal Polyps

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Respiratory Nasal Mucosa in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps versus COVID-19: Histopathology, Electron Microscopy Analysis and Assessing of Tissue Interleukin-33

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10184110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 4110

Author(s):

Ionuț Isaia Jeican ◽

Dan Gheban ◽

Lucian Barbu-Tudoran ◽

Patricia Inișca ◽

Camelia Albu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Total Protein ◽

Nasal Polyps ◽

Mucous Cell ◽

Cell Hyperplasia ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Inflammatory Pattern

(1) Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is one of the most studied rhinological disorders. Modifications of the respiratory nasal mucosa in COVID-19 patients are so far unknown. This paper presents a comparative morphological characterization of the respiratory nasal mucosa in CRSwNP versus COVID-19 and tissue interleukin (IL)-33 concentration. (2) Methods: We analyzed CRSwNP and COVID-19 samples through histopathology, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and performed proteomic determination of IL-33. (3) Results: Histopathologically, stromal edema (p < 0.0001) and basal membrane thickening (p = 0.0768) were found more frequently in CRSwNP than in COVID-19. Inflammatory infiltrate was mainly eosinophil-dominant in CRSwNP and lymphocyte-dominant in COVID-19 (p = 0.3666). A viral cytopathic effect was identified in COVID-19. Scanning electron microscopy detected biofilms only in CRSwNP, while most COVID-19 samples showed microbial aggregates (p = 0.0148) and immune cells (p = 0.1452). Transmission electron microscopy of CRSwNP samples identified biofilms, mucous cell hyperplasia (p = 0.0011), eosinophils, fibrocytes, mastocytes, and collagen fibers. Extracellular suggestive structures for SARS-CoV-2 and multiple Golgi apparatus in epithelial cells were detected in COVID-19 samples. The tissue IL-33 concentration in CRSwNP (210.0 pg/7 μg total protein) was higher than in COVID-19 (52.77 pg/7 μg total protein) (p < 0.0001), also suggesting a different inflammatory pattern. (4) Conclusions: The inflammatory pattern is different in each of these disorders. Results suggested the presence of nasal dysbiosis in both conditions, which could be a determining factor in CRSwNP and a secondary factor in COVID-19.

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Inflammatory markers in the nasal mucosa and polyp-modified tissues in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MORPHOLOGY ◽

10.31088/cem2021.10.3.29-38 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 29-38

Author(s):

D.G. Pavlush ◽

◽

I.V. Dyuizen ◽

Keyword(s):

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Nasal Polyps ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Molecular Rearrangement ◽

Clinical Prognosis ◽

Neurokinin Receptors

Introduction. To date, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has not yet been extensively studied: the molecular factors and mechanisms involved in the initiation of polypous transformations in nasal mucosa (NM) and sustaining their recurrence probability are still to be determined. Simultaneously, it is necessary to understand the molecular rearrangement in NM tissues to make clinical prognosis and choose an adequate therapeutic or surgical strategy for CRSwNP treatment. The aim of the study was to identify the features of how inflammatory markers localize and are distributed in the NM and polyps in various morphological CRSwNP types. Materials and methods. We studied morphological and chemical structure of nasal polyps and mucosa of the inferior turbinates. The material was obtained during surgical management of patients diagnosed with CRSwNP. The comparison group involved the patients with a deviated septum who underwent septorhi-noplasty and had neither polyposis nor concomitant inflammatory/allergic pathology. The NM removed in surgeries was used to compare morphological and chemical changes. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine the localization and distribution of SP, NK1, nNOS, iNOS, and IL1b in the tissues. Results. The formation of nasal polyps was found to be accompanied by morphological and chemical altera-tions in the mucous membrane of the inferior turbinates. In polyps of different morphological types, the changes in the activity of inflammatory markers were specific. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that changes in the NM of the inferior turbinates, which accompany polyposis development, give certain pathological causes that induce and maintain the pathological process. We have revealed the features of the specific signaling microenvironment in the nasal cavity, which provide special conditions for the formation of polyps of various types. The specificity of the activity and distribu-tion of inflammatory markers in the polyps of different morphological types may serve as a prerequisite for the development of personalized therapy for the disease. Keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, inflammation, neurokinin receptors, substance P, nitric oxide

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Glucocorticoid receptor expression and glucocorticoid therapeutic effect in nasal polyps

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v33i3.13724 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 181 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Peng Li ◽

Yuan Li ◽

Yong-Qi Li ◽

Qin-Tai Yang ◽

Ge-Hua Zhang

Keyword(s):

Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Nasal Polyps ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Sensitive Group

Purpose: To investigate the expression and quantity of glucocorticoid receptor-α and -β in polyp tissues taken from the patients treated were subsequently treated with topical glucocorticoid (GC). Methods: Eighty patients with nasal polyps were initially enrolled in the study. All polyp specimens were obtained prior to treatment. Patients then received daily topical GC spray treatment for one month. Polyp specimens were tested for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) GR-α and GR-β mRNA expression using fluorescent quantitative-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR). Thirty healthy nasal mucosa tissue samples were tested at the same time. Results: Forty patients finished the study and were divided into two groups: GC-sensitive (n=26) and GC-insensitive (n=14), according to treatment results. GR-β mRNA expression in the nasal polyp tissues of the GC-insensitive group (5.72±0.58×102 copies/μg) was higher than that in the GC-sensitive group (4.82±0.28×102 copies/μg, P < 0.05) and in the normal nasal mucosa group (4.44±0.35×102 copies/μg, P < 0.01). There was also a difference in the relative expression of GR-α and GR-β between the GC-sensitive group (GR-α/GR-β= 829.42±67.36) and the GC-insensitive group (535.7±89) (P < 0.01). Conclusion: GR-β mRNA was highly expressed in patients with nasal polyps. Down- regulation of GR-α mRNA suggests the existence of glucocorticoid insensitivity. Expression of GR-β may plays an important role in the evaluation of the glucocorticoid therapeutic effect in patients with nasal polyps.

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Fascin overexpression in nasal mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps

Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial ◽

10.5935/1676-2444.20200007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anton S. Tkachenko ◽

Galina I. Gubina-Vakulyck ◽

Anatolii I. Onishchenko ◽

Iulii M. Kalashnyk ◽

Yaroslava O. Butko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Nasal Polyps

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