Effect of Neonatal Asphyxia on the Impairment of the Auditory Pathway by Recording Auditory Brainstem Responses in Newborn Piglets: A New Experimentation Model to Study the Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Damage on the Auditory System

Acoustic periodicity is an important factor for discriminating consonant and dissonant intervals. While previous studies have found that the periodicity of musical intervals is temporally encoded by neural phase locking throughout the auditory system, how the nonlinearities of the auditory pathway influence the encoding of periodicity and how this effect is related to sensory consonance has been underexplored. By measuring human auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to four diotically presented musical intervals with increasing degrees of dissonance, this study seeks to explicate how the subcortical auditory system transforms the neural representation of acoustic periodicity for consonant versus dissonant intervals. ABRs faithfully reflect neural activity in the brainstem synchronized to the stimulus while also capturing nonlinear aspects of auditory processing. Results show that for the most dissonant interval, which has a less periodic stimulus waveform than the most consonant interval, the aperiodicity of the stimulus is intensified in the subcortical response. The decreased periodicity of dissonant intervals is related to a larger number of nonlinearities (i.e., distortion products) in the response spectrum. Our findings suggest that the auditory system transforms the periodicity of dissonant intervals resulting in consonant and dissonant intervals becoming more distinct in the neural code than if they were to be processed by a linear auditory system.

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Elimination of peripheral auditory pathway activation does not affect motor responses from ultrasound neuromodulation

10.1101/428342 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Morteza Mohammadjavadi ◽

Patrick Peiyong Ye ◽

Anping Xia ◽

Julian Brown ◽

Gerald Popelka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Auditory System ◽

Focused Ultrasound ◽

Response Duration ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽

Motor Responses ◽

Peripheral Auditory System

AbstractRecent studies in a variety of animal models including rodents, monkeys, and humans suggest that transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has considerable promise for non-invasively modulating neural activity with the ability to target deep brain structures. However, concerns have been raised that motor responses evoked by tFUS may be due to indirect activation of the auditory pathway rather than direct activation of motor circuits. In this study, tFUS-induced electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded and analyzed in wild-type (WT) normal hearing mice and two strains of genetically deaf mice to examine the involvement of the peripheral auditory system in tFUS-stimulated motor responses. In addition, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were measured to elucidate the effect of the tFUS stimulus envelope on auditory and motor responses. We also varied the tFUS stimulation duration to measure its effect on motor response duration. We show, first, that the sharp edges in a tFUS rectangular envelope stimulus activate the peripheral afferent auditory pathway and, second, that smoothing these edges eliminates the auditory responses without affecting the motor responses in normal hearing WT mice. We further show that by eliminating peripheral auditory activity using two different strains of deaf knockout mice, motor responses are the same as in normal hearing WT mice. Finally, we demonstrate a high correlation between tFUS pulse duration and EMG response duration. These results support the concept that tFUS-evoked motor responses are not a result of stimulation of the peripheral auditory system.

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Audiological findings in glomus tumours

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100136953 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 111 (3) ◽

pp. 218-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

William W. Qiu ◽

Shengguang S. Yin ◽

Fred J. Stucker ◽

Mardjohan Hardjasudarma

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Auditory System ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Cerebellopontine Angle ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractGlomus tumours involving the middle ear and the cerebellopontine angle are reported with emphasis on audiological findings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), angiographic and pathological results are presented. Audiological tests, including impedance audiometry, evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses, are valuable in evaluation of the effect of glomus tumours on the auditory system as well as their pathological extent.

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Cochlear Synaptopathy: A Primary Factor Affecting Speech Recognition Performance in Presbycusis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6667531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Zhe Chen ◽

Yanmei Zhang ◽

Junbo Zhang ◽

Rui Zhou ◽

Zhen Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Speech Recognition ◽

Action Potential ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Recognition Performance ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽

Hearing Ability ◽

Summating Potential

The results of recent animal studies have suggested that cochlear synaptopathy may be an important factor involved in presbycusis. Therefore, here, we aimed to examine whether cochlear synaptopathy frequently exists in patients with presbycusis and to describe the effect of cochlear synaptopathy on speech recognition in noise. Based on the medical history and an audiological examination, 94 elderly patients with bilateral, symmetrical, sensorineural hearing loss were diagnosed as presbycusis. An electrocochleogram, auditory brainstem responses, auditory cortical evoked potentials, and speech audiometry were recorded to access the function of the auditory pathway. First, 65 ears with hearing levels of 41-50 dB HL were grouped based on the summating potential/action potential (SP/AP) ratio, and the amplitudes of AP and SP were compared between the two resulting groups. Second, 188 ears were divided into two groups: the normal SP/AP and abnormal SP/AP groups. The speech recognition abilities in the two groups were compared. Finally, the relationship between abnormal electrocochleogram and poor speech recognition (signal-to-noise ratio loss ≥7 dB) was analyzed in 188 ears. The results of the present study showed: (1) a remarkable reduction in the action potential amplitude was observed in patients with abnormal SP/AP ratios; this suggests that cochlear synaptopathy was involved in presbycusis. (2) There was a large proportion of patients with poor speech recognition in the abnormal SP/AP group. Furthermore, a larger number of cases with abnormal SP/AP ratios were confirmed among patients with presbycusis and poor speech recognition. We concluded that cochlear synaptopathy is not uncommon among elderly individuals who have hearing ability deficits, and it may have a more pronounced effect on ears with declining auditory performance in noisy environments.

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Auditory neuropathy in a patient exposed to xylene: case report

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215108002399 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 123 (4) ◽

pp. 462-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T H J Draper ◽

D-E Bamiou

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Auditory Neuropathy ◽

Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽

Test Results ◽

Solvent Exposure ◽

Complex Sounds ◽

Acoustic Reflexes

AbstractObjective:To report the case of an adult patient who developed auditory complaints following xylene exposure, and to review the literature on the effects of solvent exposure on hearing.Case report:The patient presented with a gradual deterioration in his ability to hear in difficult acoustic environments and also to hear complex sounds such as music, over a 40-year period. His symptoms began following exposure to the solvent xylene, and in the absence of any other risk factor. Our audiological investigations revealed normal otoacoustic emissions with absent auditory brainstem responses and absent acoustic reflexes in both ears, consistent with a diagnosis of bilateral auditory neuropathy. Central test results were also abnormal, indicating possible involvement of the central auditory pathway.Conclusions:To our knowledge, this is the first report of retrocochlear hearing loss following xylene exposure. The test results may provide some insight into the effect of xylene as an isolated agent on the human auditory pathway.

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Encoding of a binaural speech stimulus at the brainstem level in middle-aged adults

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215120002285 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

A K Neupane ◽

S K Sinha ◽

K Gururaj

Keyword(s):

Binaural Hearing ◽

Auditory Pathway ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Speech Stimulus ◽

Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Fast Fourier Transform Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Brainstem Response ◽

Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Objective Binaural hearing is facilitated by neural interactions in the auditory pathway. Ageing results in impairment of localisation and listening in noisy situations without any significant hearing loss. The present study focused on comparing the binaural encoding of a speech stimulus at the subcortical level in middle-aged versus younger adults, based on speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses. Methods Thirty participants (15 young adults and 15 middle-aged adults) with normal hearing sensitivity (less than 15 dB HL) participated in the study. The speech-evoked auditory brainstem response was recorded monaurally and binaurally with a 40-ms /da/ stimulus. Fast Fourier transform analysis was utilised. Results An independent sample t-test revealed a significant difference between the two groups in fundamental frequency (F0) amplitude recorded with binaural stimulation. Conclusion The present study suggested that ageing results in degradation of F0 encoding, which is essential for the perception of speech in noise.

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Electrophysiological Investigation of the Auditory System in Friedreich’s Ataxia

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100043821 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 131-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

M.J. Taylor ◽

J.B. McMenamin ◽

E. Andermann ◽

G.V. Watters

Keyword(s):

Auditory System ◽

Friedreich’S Ataxia ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Friedreich's Ataxia ◽

The Other ◽

Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽

Evoked Responses ◽

Electrophysiological Investigation ◽

Auditory Evoked Responses ◽

Normal Controls

ABSTRACT:Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and cortical auditory evoked responses (AERs) were studied in a series of 16 Friedreich’s ataxia patients who varied in age, degree of clinical involvement and duration of the disorder. The ABRs were markedly abnormal in all but the youngest patient, and the abnormalities reflected the severity and duration of the disease. The latencies of the AERs were significantly longer in the Friedreich’s ataxia patients compared to normal controls, suggesting cortical as well as peripheral involvement of the auditory system. These data are discussed in terms of the neuropathology of the disorder and the similarities with the other sensory systems in Friedreich’s ataxia patients.

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Differences in Responses from the Cochleae and Central Nervous Systems of Females with Low versus High Acceptable Noise Levels

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa.17.9.6 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (09) ◽

pp. 667-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ashley W. Harkrider ◽

Joanna W. Tampas

Keyword(s):

Auditory System ◽

Background Noise ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽

Intersubject Variability ◽

Hearing Sensitivity ◽

Central Regions ◽

Central Nervous Systems ◽

Medial Olivocochlear

Studies of acceptable noise level (ANL) consistently report large intersubject variability in acceptance of background noise while listening to speech. This variability is not related to age, gender, hearing sensitivity, type of background noise, speech perception in noise performance, or efferent activity of the medial olivocochlear pathway. An exploratory study was conducted to determine if differences in aggregate responses from the peripheral and central auditory system can account for intersubject variability in ANL. Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs), binaural auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), and middle latency responses (MLRs) were measured in females with normal hearing with low (n = 6) versus high (n = 7) ANLs. Results of this preliminary study indicate no differences between the groups for CEOAEs or waves I or III of the ABR. Differences between the two groups emerge for the amplitudes of wave V of the ABR and for the Na-Pa component of the MLR, suggesting that physiological variations arising from more central regions of the auditory system may mediate background noise acceptance.

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Effects of auditory pathway anatomy and deafness characteristics? (1): On electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses

Hearing Research ◽

10.1016/j.heares.2006.09.014 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 223 (1-2) ◽

pp. 48-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jeanne Guiraud ◽

Stéphane Gallego ◽

Laure Arnold ◽

Patrick Boyle ◽

Eric Truy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Auditory Pathway ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Auditory Brainstem Responses

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Physiological and anatomical investigation of the auditory brainstem in the Fat-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata)

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27783v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Garrett ◽

Virginia Lannigan ◽

Nathanael Yates ◽

Jennifer Rodger ◽

Wilhelmina Mulders

Keyword(s):

Auditory System ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽

Superior Olivary Complex ◽

Medial Superior Olive ◽

Superior Olive ◽

Medial Nucleus ◽

Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽

Nissl Stain

The fat-tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) is a small (10-20g) native marsupial endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Currently little is known about the auditory capabilities of the dunnart, and of marsupials in general. Consequently, this study sought to investigate several electrophysiological and anatomical properties of the dunnart auditory system. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded to brief (5ms) tone pips at a range of frequencies (4-47.5 kHz) and intensities to determine auditory brainstem thresholds. The dunnart ABR displayed multiple distinct peaks at all test frequencies, similar to other mammalian species. ABR showed the dunnart is most sensitive to higher frequencies increasing up to 47.5 kHz. Morphological observations (Nissl stain) revealed that the auditory structures thought to contribute to the first peaks of the ABR were all distinguishable in the dunnart. Structures identified include the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, including a cochlear nerve root nucleus as well as several distinct nuclei in the superior olivary complex, such as the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral superior olive and medial superior olive. This study is the first to show functional and anatomical aspects of the lower part of the auditory system in the Fat-tailed Dunnart.

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