Risk-Taking Behavior in a Computerized Driving Task: Brain Activation Correlates of Decision-Making, Outcome, and Peer Influence in Male Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a decision-making model of risk-taking behavior, specifically impulsivity, positive and negative outcome expectation, and sensation seeking, can be extended to motivation for perpetration of sexual coercion. Participants included 276 sexually active college students between the ages of 18 and 25 years old who completed a set of questionnaires: (a) Sexual Experiences Survey, (b) Sensation Seeking Scales, (c) Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events, (d) Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and (e) Reckless Behavior Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to examine the relationship between these decision-making models and sexually coercive behaviors. General risk-taking behaviors were positively correlated with acts of sexual coercion, r = .16, p < .01. The predictor variables accounted for a significant amount of the variance in sexual coercion, R2 = .11, F(4, 246) = 7.57, p < .01. Only sensation seeking contributed unique variance to our model of sexual coercion, β = .27, t = 4.06, p < .01. Interventions to reduce sexual coercion may be more successful if they target those high in risk-taking. Similarly, prevention efforts informed by research on how to engage and hold the attention of sensation seeking youth may be more successful.

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Modeling the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Real-Time Risky Decision-Making

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129804200331 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 330-334

Author(s):

Joshua B. Hurwitz

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Risk Perception ◽

Real Time ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Risky Decision Making ◽

Risky Decision ◽

Distance Information ◽

Driving Task ◽

Response Choices

Increased real-time risk-taking under sleep loss could be marked by changes in risk perception or acceptance. Risk-perception processes are those involved in estimating real-time parameters such as the speeds and distances of hazardous objects. Risk-acceptance processes relate to response choices given risk estimates. Risk-taking under fatigue was studied using a simulated intersection-crossing driving task in which subjects decided when it was safe to cross an intersection as an oncoming car approached from the cross street. The subjects performed this task at 3-hour intervals over a 36-hour period without sleep. Results were modeled using a model of real-time risky decision making that has perceptual components that process speed, time and distance information, and a decisional component for accepting risk. Results showed that varying a parameter for the decisional component across sessions best accounted for variations in performance relating to time of day.

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Modernizing Conceptions of Valuation and Cognitive-Control Deployment in Adolescent Risk Taking

Current Directions in Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0963721419887361 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 102-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kathy T. Do ◽

Paul B. Sharp ◽

Eva H. Telzer

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Control System ◽

Cognitive Control ◽

Computational Model ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Expected Value ◽

Risky Decision Making ◽

Risky Decision ◽

Adolescent Risk ◽

Risk Taking Behavior

Heightened risk taking in adolescence has long been attributed to valuation systems overwhelming the deployment of cognitive control. However, this explanation of why adolescents engage in risk taking is insufficient given increasing evidence that risk-taking behavior can be strategic and involve elevated cognitive control. We argue that applying the expected-value-of-control computational model to adolescent risk taking can clarify under what conditions control is elevated or diminished during risky decision-making. Through this lens, we review research examining when adolescent risk taking might be due to—rather than a failure of—effective cognitive control and suggest compelling ways to test such hypotheses. This effort can resolve when risk taking arises from an immaturity of the control system itself, as opposed to arising from differences in what adolescents value relative to adults. It can also identify promising avenues for channeling cognitive control toward adaptive outcomes in adolescence.

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Preprint of “How does peer competition modulates risk-taking behavior: Evidence from Event-related potentials (ERPs) in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)”

10.31234/osf.io/87du2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ming-Chen Zhang ◽

Kai Dou

Keyword(s):

Peer Influence ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Specific Effect ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Comparison Theory ◽

Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Risk Taking Behavior ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Risk Taking Behaviors

The relation between peer influence and risk-taking behaviors has received extensive empirical attention. However, the underlying mechanisms of whether how two-way conflicting context influences risk-taking behaviors still remain unclear. To this end, the current study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how peer competition affects risk-taking behaviors among adolescents. Twenty-four college students completed a Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) under two contexts: single and peer competition condition. Behavioral results showed that participants prefer risk aversion in competitive context. ERPs results showed that participants induce higher N2 under peer competition in the decision-making phase. In the feedback phase, a higher P300 was observed in single condition while a more negative feedback-related negativity (FRN) was showed after loss feedback. Results are in line with social comparison theory and reinforcement learning theory. The specific effect of peer influence on risk-taking behavior has been discussed.

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Analogue Study of Peer Influence on Risk-Taking Behavior in Older Adolescents

Prevention Science ◽

10.1007/s11121-013-0439-x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 842-849 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Elizabeth K. Reynolds ◽

Laura MacPherson ◽

Sarah Schwartz ◽

Nathan A. Fox ◽

C. W. Lejuez

Keyword(s):

Peer Influence ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Analogue Study ◽

Older Adolescents ◽

Risk Taking Behavior

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Brain Structural Correlates of Risk-Taking Behavior and Effects of Peer Influence in Adolescents

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0112780 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e112780 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Myoung Soo Kwon ◽

Victor Vorobyev ◽

Dagfinn Moe ◽

Riitta Parkkola ◽

Heikki Hämäläinen

Keyword(s):

Peer Influence ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Risk Taking Behavior

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Decision-making Styles of CSU College Deans: A Case of Managerial Ethics

IAMURE International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research ◽

10.7718/iamure.v6i1.662 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

LORAINE SUYU TATTAO

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Middle Managers ◽

Interpersonal Relationship ◽

Faculty Members ◽

Managerial Ethics ◽

Interview Guide ◽

Risk Taking Behavior ◽

Organizational Results ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The decision-making style of Cagayan State University’s middle managers (college deans) is crucial in the process of its development. Thus, this study investigated the decision-making style of the deans and the managerial ethics using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study included 15 college deans and 229 faculty members. It utilized standardized and self-made questionnaires and interview guide. Results showed that the majority of the deans displayed moderate risk-taking behavior and normative decision-making style. They displayed high risk-taking behavior in loading and promotion; they used thinker decision-making style and beneficence as managerial ethics. The position of the deans is situated in such a way that there is pressure from above (from top management) and from below (subordinates). They are caught in a dilemma on how to bring organizational results or show loyalty to the top officials who designated them and one hand, how to maintain smooth interpersonal relationship with their subordinates.Keywords: Social Science, decision-making style, risk-taking behavior, beneficence, quantitative and qualitative method, Philippines

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