Sexual Coercion in the College Population: A Form of Risk-Taking Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5276-5291
Author(s):  
Alisa R. Garner ◽  
Laura C. Spiller ◽  
Patrick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Outcome Expectation ◽  
College Population ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Reckless Behavior ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a decision-making model of risk-taking behavior, specifically impulsivity, positive and negative outcome expectation, and sensation seeking, can be extended to motivation for perpetration of sexual coercion. Participants included 276 sexually active college students between the ages of 18 and 25 years old who completed a set of questionnaires: (a) Sexual Experiences Survey, (b) Sensation Seeking Scales, (c) Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events, (d) Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and (e) Reckless Behavior Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to examine the relationship between these decision-making models and sexually coercive behaviors. General risk-taking behaviors were positively correlated with acts of sexual coercion, r = .16, p < .01. The predictor variables accounted for a significant amount of the variance in sexual coercion, R2 = .11, F(4, 246) = 7.57, p < .01. Only sensation seeking contributed unique variance to our model of sexual coercion, β = .27, t = 4.06, p < .01. Interventions to reduce sexual coercion may be more successful if they target those high in risk-taking. Similarly, prevention efforts informed by research on how to engage and hold the attention of sensation seeking youth may be more successful.

scholarly journals Zuckerman’s Alternative Five Factor Model and Risk Taking Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Umed Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between risk taking behavior/perception and five factors of personality (AFFM). To realize the main objective of the study Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale and Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire were administered on a group of 57 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 24 years. Obtained data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlations. Correlational analysis revealed Activity and Sociability to be positively correlated with all the five domains of risk taking behavior/perception i.e. Ethical, Financial, Health/Safety, Recreational and Social. Neuroticism-Anxiety has correlated negatively with Financial, Health/Safety, and Recreational domains of risk taking. Aggression-Hostility has correlated negatively with Health/Safety. Impulsive-Sensation Seeking has corresponded positively with domains of risk taking viz Financial, Health/Safety and Social.

scholarly journals Risk-Taking Behavior and the Consumption of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink among Australian, Dutch and UK Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5315
Author(s):  
Sean J. Johnson ◽  
Sarah Benson ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
Chris Alford ◽  
Joris C. Verster
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Risk

The relationship between risk-taking behavior, alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences is well known. The current analyses were conducted to investigate whether alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) is related to risk-taking behavior and if there is a relationship between the amount of energy drink mixed with alcohol consumed, risk-taking behavior and negative alcohol-related consequences. Data from N = 1276 AMED consuming students from the Netherlands, UK and Australia who completed the same survey were evaluated. The analysis revealed that, compared to AMED occasions, on alcohol only (AO) occasions significantly more alcohol was consumed and significantly more negative alcohol-related consequences were reported. On both AO and AMED occasions, there was a strong and positive relationship between amount of alcohol consumed, level of risk-taking behavior and number of reported negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, the level of risk-taking behavior was not clearly related to energy drink consumption. Across risk-taking levels, differences in the amount of energy drink consumed on AMED occasions did not exceed one 250 mL serving of energy drink. When correcting for the amount of alcohol consumed, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of energy drinks consumed on AMED occasions between the risk-taking groups. In conclusion, alcohol consumption is clearly related to risk-taking behavior and experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, energy drink intake was not related to level of risk-taking behavior and only weakly related to the number of experienced negative alcohol-related consequences.

scholarly journals Disentangling ADHD's Presentation-Related Decision-Making—A Meta-Analytic Approach on Predominant Presentations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Schulze ◽  
David Coghill ◽  
Silke Lux ◽  
Alexandra Philipsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deficient decision-making (DM) in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by altered reward sensitivity, higher risk taking, and aberrant reinforcement learning. Previous meta-analysis aggregate findings for the ADHD combined presentation (ADHD-C) mostly, while the ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation (ADHD-I) and the predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation (ADHD-H) were not disentangled. The objectives of the current meta-analysis were to aggregate findings from DM for each presentation separately.Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed (Medline) and Web of Science Database took place using the keywords “ADHD,” “attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,” “decision-making,” “risk-taking,” “reinforcement learning,” and “risky.” Random-effects models based on correlational effect-sizes were conducted. Heterogeneity analysis and sensitivity/outlier analysis were performed, and publication biases were assessed with funnel-plots and the egger intercept.Results: Of 1,240 candidate articles, seven fulfilled criteria for analysis of ADHD-C (N = 193), seven for ADHD-I (N = 256), and eight for ADHD-H (N = 231). Moderate effect-size were found for ADHD-C (r = 0.34; p = 0.0001; 95% CI = [0.19, 0.49]). Small effect-sizes were found for ADHD-I (r = 0.09; p = 0.0001; 95% CI = [0.008, 0.25]) and for ADHD-H (r = 0.1; p = 0.0001; 95% CI = [−0.012, 0.32]). Heterogeneity was moderate for ADHD-H. Sensitivity analyses show robustness of the analysis, and no outliers were detected. No publication bias was evident.Conclusion: This is the first study that uses a meta-analytic approach to investigate the relationship between the different presentations of ADHD separately. These findings provide first evidence of lesser pronounced impairment in DM for ADHD-I and ADHD-I compared to ADHD-C. While the exact factors remain elusive, the current study can be considered as a starting point to reveal the relationship of ADHD presentations and DM more detailed.

scholarly journals Implementasi Model Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Kepemimpinan Sekolah

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvi Gustheana ◽  
Hade Afriansyah ◽  
Rusdinal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
The Relationship

This article is about the application of the decision-making model of leadership in a school. This article also explains how the importance of decision making by a leader. The article also describes the models in decision-making, as well as the relationship between the leadership with the decision making it self.

scholarly journals How Perceived Individual Safety Attitude Helps to Explain The Relationship Between Sensation Seeking and Risk-Taking Propensity in The Prediction of Individual Work Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Woromita Fathlistya ◽  
Martina Dwi Mustika
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Work ◽  
Safety Attitude ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the attitudes of individuals toward safety is important for hospital prevention programs and could reduce safety-related accidents. This study investigates the effects of perceived individual safety attitude in explaining the relationship between sensation seeking and risk-taking propensity for rewards in predicting individual performance. An on-line cross-sectional study was undertaken in which 177 nurses who completed an objective task (BART) and self-report questionnaires. Path analysis results revealed that perceived individual safety attitude influenced the relationship between both sensation seeking and risk-taking propensity in predicting individual performance. Nurses with both sensation seeking and risk-taking propensity for rewards have negative perceptions toward individual safety attitude, which resulted in poor individual work performances. It is indicated that encourage performance by rewards is not always effective.

scholarly journals Modernizing Conceptions of Valuation and Cognitive-Control Deployment in Adolescent Risk Taking

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy T. Do ◽  
Paul B. Sharp ◽  
Eva H. Telzer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Control System ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Heightened risk taking in adolescence has long been attributed to valuation systems overwhelming the deployment of cognitive control. However, this explanation of why adolescents engage in risk taking is insufficient given increasing evidence that risk-taking behavior can be strategic and involve elevated cognitive control. We argue that applying the expected-value-of-control computational model to adolescent risk taking can clarify under what conditions control is elevated or diminished during risky decision-making. Through this lens, we review research examining when adolescent risk taking might be due to—rather than a failure of—effective cognitive control and suggest compelling ways to test such hypotheses. This effort can resolve when risk taking arises from an immaturity of the control system itself, as opposed to arising from differences in what adolescents value relative to adults. It can also identify promising avenues for channeling cognitive control toward adaptive outcomes in adolescence.

THE EFFECTS OF MOOD AND OPENNESS-TO-FEELING TRAIT ON CHOICE

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chieh Chuang ◽  
Chwen-Li Chang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

How do mood states influence risk-taking and choice? This study was conducted to demonstrate and explain the relationship of mood, risk-taking, and choice. The results showed that participants were more likely to systematically display risk-taking behavior when in a negative mood than when in a positive mood. The mood effect was moderated by openness to feelings (OF) in the individual personality.

The relationship between impaired decision-making, sensation seeking and readiness to change in cigarette smokers

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Harmsen ◽  
G. Bischof ◽  
A. Brooks ◽  
F. Hohagen ◽  
H.-J. Rumpf
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
The Relationship
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