scholarly journals Predation Risk Perception, Food Density and Conspecific Cues Shape Foraging Decisions in a Tropical Lizard

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0138016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Drakeley ◽  
Oriol Lapiedra ◽  
Jason J. Kolbe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Food Density ◽  
Foraging Decisions ◽  
Conspecific Cues

Individual responses to predation risk and food density in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2027-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. W. Utne ◽  
E. Brännäs ◽  
C. Magnhagen
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Food Density ◽  
Patch Choice ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Mature Fish ◽  
Slow Growing

Perch, Perca fluviatilis, of different sizes and ages were allowed to choose between two feeding patches differing in food ratio and (or) predation risk (presence versus absence of a pike, Esox lucius). The aim of our study was to test whether food-patch choice and risk-taking behaviour (time with the predator present) were related to size, phenotype (fast- versus slow-growing) and (or) stage of development (mature versus immature). Movements of individual fish were continuously monitored with an automatic system employing passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Food distribution did not seem to be important in determining perch distribution. Predation risk, however, had a significant influence. The presence of a predator in a patch significantly reduced the proportion of time spent in that feeding patch by all perch. However, the strength of this effect was dependent on individual characteristics, both the slow-growing phenotype and the mature fish spending a significantly lower proportion of time in the risky patch than the fast-growing and immature fish. Switching rates, which differed between character groups, also had an effect on growth rate, varying with predation risk.

The Impact of Physiological Demands on Foraging Decisions under Predation Risk: A Test with the Whelk Acanthina monodon

Ethology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1044-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben E. Soto ◽  
Juan C. Castilla ◽  
Francisco Bozinovic
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Foraging Decisions ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A neural network model of foraging decisions made under predation risk

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. COLEMAN ◽  
V. R. BROWN ◽  
D. S. LEVINE ◽  
R. L. MELLGREN
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Foraging Decisions

A question of size and fear: competition and predation risk perception among frugivores and predators

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-657
Author(s):  
Daiane Cristina Carreira ◽  
Jedediah F Brodie ◽  
Calebe P Mendes ◽  
Katia Maria P M B Ferraz ◽  
Mauro Galetti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Large Predators

Abstract Mammalian spatial and temporal activity patterns can vary depending on foraging behavior or the perception of predation or competition risk among species. These behaviors may in turn be altered by human influences such as defaunation. Herein, we evaluate whether frugivores avoid areas with high visitation rates by potential predators or competitors, and whether this avoidance changes in areas with different degrees of defaunation. We installed 189 cameras under fruit trees in six areas of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, that differ in the abundance of top predators and large frugivores. Small predators and small frugivores were more frequent at night while large frugivores were more frequent during the day, but small frugivores visited and spent less time at fruiting trees on brighter nights, unlike large predators and large frugivores. Small frugivores also were less frequent in areas with high visitation by large frugivores and more frequent in highly defaunated areas. Our results suggest that the dynamics among mammalian functional groups varied according to diel patterns, potential competitors, and defaunation. We highlight the importance of understanding how species interactions are changing in areas exposed to strong human impacts to mitigate the indirect effects of defaunation.

scholarly journals Bust economics: foragers choose high quality habitats in lean times

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonny S. Bleicher ◽  
Christopher R. Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Food Density ◽  
Habitat Patches ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Behavioral Choices ◽  
Foraging Decisions ◽  
Central Australia ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Simpson Desert ◽  
Missed Opportunity

In environments where food resources are spatially variable and temporarily impoverished, consumers that encounter habitat patches with different food density should focus their foraging initially where food density is highest before they move to patches where food density is lower. Increasing missed opportunity costs should drive individuals progressively to patches with lower food density as resources in the initially high food density patches deplete. To test these expectations, we assessed the foraging decisions of two species of dasyurid marsupials (dunnarts:Sminthopsis hirtipesandS. youngsoni) during a deep drought, or bust period, in the Simpson Desert of central Australia. Dunnarts were allowed access to three patches containing different food densities using an interview chamber experiment. Both species exhibited clear preference for the high density over the lower food density patches as measured in total harvested resources. Similarly, when measuring the proportion of resources harvested within the patches, we observed a marginal preference for patches with initially high densities. Models analyzing behavioral choices at the population level found no differences in behavior between the two species, but models analyzing choices at the individual level uncovered some variation. We conclude that dunnarts can distinguish between habitat patches with different densities of food and preferentially exploit the most valuable. As our observations were made during bust conditions, experiments should be repeated during boom times to assess the foraging economics of dunnarts when environmental resources are high.

Food versus risk: foraging decision in young Tiger snakes, Notechis scutatus

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Bradshaw ◽  
Xavier Bonnet ◽  
Fabien Aubret
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
High Food ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Predation Threat ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Foraging Decisions ◽  
Versus Risk ◽  
Foraging Decision

AbstractForaging behaviour is influenced by an animal's level of hunger, and may reflect a trade-off between optimizing food acquisition and avoiding predation. Young tiger snakes were raised either on a high or low food diet and exposed to a predation threat while foraging. Under these circumstances, lower condition snakes (low food diet) were prone to take additional feeding/foraging risks: food was accepted at a much higher rate compared with the higher condition animals (high food diet) that were less inclined to risk feeding under a predation threat. This study provides the first direct example of predation risk-associated foraging decisions in snakes.

Integrating the costs of plant toxins and predation risk in foraging decisions of a mammalian herbivore

Oecologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar N. Kirmani ◽  
Peter B. Banks ◽  
Clare McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Plant Toxins ◽  
Foraging Decisions ◽  
Mammalian Herbivore

Recruitment Limitation as a Consequence of Natural Selection for Use of Restricted Feeding Habitats and Predation Risk Taking by Juvenile Fishes

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058-2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Walters ◽  
Francis Juanes
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Food Density ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Time Spent Feeding ◽  
Foraging Time

Juvenile fishes generally have spatial refuges from predation, and forage in limited but risky areas near refuges. Models of food density dynamics within such limited foraging areas predict that food availability and consumption per time spent feeding should depend strongly on Juvenile density. Selection should act on the time that Juveniles spend foraging, so as to strike a balance between growth and predation risk; we predict that optimum balance will occur at foraging times proportional to the minimum needed to reach viable sizes for later survival and reproduction plus an additional time inversely proportional to the predation risk per time. Combining the food availability and optimal foraging time predictions leads to stock–recruitment patterns similar to classic Beverton–Holt and Ricker forms, depending on how food organisms respond over time. Very strong density-dependent mortality can occur even without noticeable changes in juvenile growth rates or average food densities over large spatial scales, but intraspecific competitive effects should always be evident through density-dependent changes in foraging time.

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