Unravelling the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity among Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates from South India Using Multi-Locus Sequence Typing

Abstract Mangalore melon (Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis var. acidulus) is a non-dessert melon, extensively grown in the coastal districts of South India, but hardly known to the rest of the World. Immature or mature fruits of Mangalore melon are used in preparation of delicious dishes such as vegetable stew, chutneys and curries. They are appreciated for nutritional values, long shelf life and biotic stress resistance. Seventy-nine accessions of Mangalore melon were collected from five states of South India and their genetic diversity was assessed using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Putative candidate genes of extended shelf life in Mangalore melon were studied by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in comparison with cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.). Shelf life varied from 65 days to 300 days at room temperature. Six ISSR primers amplified 142 fragments ranging from 80 bp to 2380 bp with an average of 23.66 bands per marker on a high-resolution capillary electrophoresis system. Neighbor joining phylogenetic tree construction from the ISSR allele similarity based genetic distance revealed two major clusters with 46 and 33 accessions in each cluster. Expression of fruit ripening related genes of ethylene biosynthesis (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase) and cell wall metabolism (polygalacturonase, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase and expansin) in Mangalore melons was significantly lower than the cantaloupe melon at 180 days after harvest. Mangalore melon is a promising genetic resource for enhancing the shelf life of melons and the putative candidate genes are useful in enhancing shelf life of cantaloupe following validation and conformation.

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A Case Report of Meilodosis

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1708761 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (03) ◽

pp. 034-036

Author(s):

Satheesh Kumar Bhandary ◽

Ivan Paraekulam Mani ◽

Rajeshwary Aroor ◽

Vadisha Bhat

Keyword(s):

Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽

South India ◽

Chronic Renal Disease ◽

Delayed Diagnosis ◽

Neck Region ◽

Emerging Pathogen ◽

Stagnant Water ◽

Head And Neck Region ◽

High Incidence ◽

Primary Modality

AbstractMeilodosis is an infection caused by a gram negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei associated with high fatality rates. This organism is a widely distributed environmental saprophyte found in soil and stagnant water in the endemic regions of south East Asia and 1 Australia. It was first diagnosed in Burma by Captain Alfred Whitmore, and his assistant, C.S. 2 Krishnaswami in 1911. Meilodosis is an emerging pathogen in South India predominantly due to negligent management and a delayed diagnosis.The majority of the cases of B. pseudomallei infections are subclinicalwith the primary modality of transmission being through broken skin. The disease predominantly manifests in individuals 3 with diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease and alcoholism. The majority of patients present 4 with pyrexia and localized skin ulcerations or abscesses. There is a high incidence of 5 pneumonia and septic shock following contamination. Transmission from a patient by droplet 6 spread is rare even with the presence of pulmonary melioidosis. Meliodosis of the head and neck region is not common, however it accounts for 40% of the cases of supportive parotitis in 7 children in Thailand and Cambodia. Diagnosis can be challenging due to its close symptomatic resemblance to tuberculosis. Isolation of the organism is difficult; this leads to poor identification of the causative agent and mismanagement.

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Population structure and genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from a coastal area of China based on a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ◽

10.1007/s10482-019-01252-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (8) ◽

pp. 1199-1211

Author(s):

Yu Li ◽

Hong-Qiu Yin ◽

Jun Xia ◽

Hong Luo ◽

Ming-Yi Wang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Coastal Area ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Multi Locus Sequence Typing ◽

Mlst Scheme

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Molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum by multiplexed amplicon deep sequencing in Senegal

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-020-03471-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tolla Ndiaye ◽

Mouhamad Sy ◽

Amy Gaye ◽

Katherine J. Siddle ◽

Daniel J. Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Deep Sequencing ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Merozoite Surface Protein ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Molecular epidemiology can provide important information regarding the genetic diversity and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, which can assist in designing and monitoring elimination efforts. However, malaria molecular epidemiology including understanding the genetic diversity of the parasite and performing molecular surveillance of transmission has been poorly documented in Senegal. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) offers a practical, fast and high-throughput approach to understand malaria population genetics. This study aims to unravel the population structure of P. falciparum and to estimate the allelic diversity, multiplicity of infection (MOI), and evolutionary patterns of the malaria parasite using the NGS platform. Methods Multiplex amplicon deep sequencing of merozoite surface protein 1 (PfMSP1) and merozoite surface protein 2 (PfMSP2) in fifty-three P. falciparum isolates from two epidemiologically different areas in the South and North of Senegal, was carried out. Results A total of 76 Pfmsp1 and 116 Pfmsp2 clones were identified and 135 different alleles were found, 56 and 79 belonged to the pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 genes, respectively. K1 and IC3D7 allelic families were most predominant in both sites. The local haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) were higher in the South than in the North for both genes. For pfmsp1, a high positive Tajima’s D (TD) value was observed in the South (D = 2.0453) while negative TD value was recorded in the North (D = − 1.46045) and F-Statistic (Fst) was 0.19505. For pfmsp2, non-directional selection was found with a highly positive TD test in both areas and Fst was 0.02111. The mean MOI for both genes was 3.07 and 1.76 for the South and the North, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between areas (p = 0.001). Conclusion This study revealed a high genetic diversity of pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 genes and low genetic differentiation in P. falciparum population in Senegal. The MOI means were significantly different between the Southern and Northern areas. Findings also showed that multiplexed amplicon deep sequencing is a useful technique to investigate genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of P. falciparum infections.

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