scholarly journals Heritability of hoarding symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood: A longitudinal twin study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e0179541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volen Z. Ivanov ◽  
Ashley Nordsletten ◽  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
Eva Serlachius ◽  
Paul Lichtenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on Smoking Behavior across Adolescence and Young Adulthood in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development and the Transitions to Substance Abuse Follow-Up

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Do ◽  
Elizabeth C. Prom-Wormley ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves ◽  
Judy L. Silberg ◽  
Donna R. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Little is known regarding the underlying relationship between smoking initiation and current quantity smoked during adolescence into young adulthood. It is possible that the influences of genetic and environmental factors on this relationship vary across sex and age. To investigate this further, the current study applied a common causal contingency model to data from a Virginia-based twin study to determine: (1) if the same genetic and environmental factors are contributing to smoking initiation and current quantity smoked; (2) whether the magnitude of genetic and environmental factor contributions are the same across adolescence and young adulthood; and (3) if qualitative and quantitative differences in the sources of variance between males and females exist. Study results found no qualitative or quantitative sex differences in the relationship between smoking initiation and current quantity smoked, though relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors changed across adolescence and young adulthood. More specifically, smoking initiation and current quantity smoked remain separate constructs until young adulthood, when liabilities are correlated. Smoking initiation is explained by genetic, shared, and unique environmental factors in early adolescence and by genetic and unique environmental factors in young adulthood; while current quantity smoked is explained by shared environmental and unique environmental factors until young adulthood, when genetic and unique environmental factors play a larger role.

scholarly journals Are changes in ADHD course reflected in differences in IQ and executive functioning from childhood to young adulthood?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Agnew-Blais ◽  
Guilherme V. Polanczyk ◽  
Andrea Danese ◽  
Jasmin Wertz ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with poorer cognitive functioning. We used a developmental, genetically-sensitive approach to examine intelligence quotient (IQ) from early childhood to young adulthood among those with different ADHD courses to investigate whether changes in ADHD were reflected in differences in IQ. We also examined executive functioning in childhood and young adulthood among different ADHD courses. Methods Study participants were part of the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a population-based birth cohort of 2232 twins. We assessed ADHD in childhood (ages 5, 7, 10 and 12) and young adulthood (age 18). We examined ADHD course as reflected by remission, persistence and late-onset. IQ was evaluated at ages 5, 12 and 18, and executive functioning at ages 5 and 18. Results ADHD groups showed deficits in IQ across development compared to controls; those with persistent ADHD showed the greatest deficit, followed by remitted and late-onset. ADHD groups did not differ from controls in developmental trajectory of IQ, suggesting changes in ADHD were not reflected in IQ. All ADHD groups performed more poorly on executive functioning tasks at ages 5 and 18; persisters and remitters differed only on an inhibitory control task at age 18. Conclusions Differences in ADHD course – persistence, remission and late-onset – were not directly reflected in changes in IQ. Instead, having ADHD at any point across development was associated with lower average IQ and poorer executive functioning. Our finding that individuals with persistent ADHD have poorer response inhibition than those who remitted requires replication.

scholarly journals The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California: III

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Baker ◽  
Catherine Tuvblad ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Karina Gomez ◽  
Serena Bezdjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
University Of Southern California ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study ◽  
Behavior Characteristics ◽  
The University

The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California (USC) was initiated in 1984 and continues to provide an important resource for studies investigating genetic and environmental influences on human behavior. This article provides an update on the current register and its potential for future twin studies using recruitment through school district databases and voter records. An overview is also provided for an ongoing longitudinal twin study investigating the development of externalizing psychopathology from childhood to young adulthood, the USC Study of Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior. Characteristics of the twins and their families are presented, including recruitment and participation rates, as well as attrition analyses and a summary of key findings to date.

scholarly journals Heritability of Cold and Heat Patterns: A Twin Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Mi Hur ◽  
Hana Yu ◽  
Hee-Jeong Jin ◽  
Siwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
East Asian Medicine ◽  
Asian Medicine ◽  
Heat Pattern ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

In traditional East Asian medicine, cold–heat patterns have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from various diseases. The present study aimed to estimate the heritability of cold–heat patterns. Trained interviewers administered a cold–heat pattern questionnaire to 1,753 twins (mean age = 19.1 ± 3.1 years) recruited throughout South Korea. Correlations for the cold pattern (CP) were 0.42 (95% CI [0.28, 0.54]) for monozygotic (MZ) males, 0.16 (95% CI [-0.08, 0.39]) for dizygotic (DZ) males, 0.40 (95% CI [0.30, 0.49]) for MZ females, 0.30 (95% CI [0.12, 0.45]) for DZ females, and 0.07 (95% CI [-0.11, 0.25]) for opposite-sex DZ twins. The corresponding twin correlations for the heat pattern (HP) were 0.38 (95% CI [0.24, 0.51]), -0.22 (95% CI [-0.43, 0.02]), 0.34 (95% CI [0.24, 0.43]), 0.21 (95% CI [0.03, 0.37]), and 0.08 (95% CI [-0.10, 0.26]), respectively. These patterns of twin correlations suggested significant genetic effects on the HP and the CP. Model-fitting analysis revealed that heritability estimates in both sexes were 40% (95% CI [38, 42]) for the CP and 33% (95% CI [25, 42]) for the HP, with the remaining variances attributable to unique environmental variances. These estimates did not vary significantly with age during adolescence and young adulthood.

Heritability of somatotype components from early adolescence into young adulthood: a multivariate analysis on a longitudinal twin study

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Peeters ◽  
M. A. Thomis ◽  
A. L. Claessens ◽  
R. J. F. Loos ◽  
H. H. M. Maes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

scholarly journals A longitudinal twin study of victimization and loneliness from childhood to young adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Timothy Matthews ◽  
Avshalom Caspi ◽  
Andrea Danese ◽  
Helen L. Fisher ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Twin Pair ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Childhood Bullying ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study ◽  
Timing Of Exposure

Abstract The present study used a longitudinal and discordant twin design to explore in depth the developmental associations between victimization and loneliness from mid-childhood to young adulthood. The data were drawn from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a birth cohort of 2,232 individuals born in England and Wales during 1994–1995. Diverse forms of victimization were considered, differing across context, perpetrator, and timing of exposure. The results indicated that exposure to different forms of victimization was associated with loneliness in a dose–response manner. In childhood, bullying victimization was uniquely associated with loneliness, over and above concurrent psychopathology, social isolation, and genetic risk. Moreover, childhood bullying victimization continued to predict loneliness in young adulthood, even in the absence of ongoing victimization. Within-twin pair analyses further indicated that this longitudinal association was explained by genetic confounds. In adolescence, varied forms of victimization were correlated with young adult loneliness, with maltreatment, neglect, and cybervictimization remaining robust to controls for genetic confounds. These findings indicate that vulnerability to loneliness in victimized young people varies according to the specific form of victimization in question, and also to the developmental period in which it was experienced.

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