Frequency of hematologic and solid malignancies in the family history of 50 patients with acute myeloid leukemia – a single center analysis

Background: Studies demonstrated that there are several germline mutations that lead to a familial predisposition for acute myeloid leukemia and Myelodysplastic syndrome. According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the minimum cancer family history was defined as including first- and second-degree family history, type of primary cancer, and age at diagnosis. The current study aimed to estimate the frequency of positive family history for hematologic and solid malignancies in patients with Myeloid Neoplasms / Aplastic anemia. Patients and Methods: A cross-section study was carried out at the Center of Blood Diseases, Medical City Campus during the period from March-December 2020. A purposeful sample of all adult patients with Myeloid Neoplasms [Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, and Aplastic Anemia] was included in the study. A data collection form was prepared, based on the Hereditary Hematopoietic Malignancies Screening form adopted by the University of Chicago, and modified by the researchers; The data were collected by direct interview with the patients. Patients with hematologic malignancy and one or more first-degree relatives, or ≥2 second-degree relatives, with hematologic malignancies and individuals with Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Acute Myeloid Leukemia and two first or second-degree relatives with a diagnosis of solid tumor malignancy, were considered potential carriers of such genetic predisposition. Results: A total of 153 patients were included; males were nearly equal to females with a male to female ratio of nearly 1:1. Acute Myeloid Leukemia was found in 57.5%, Aplastic Anemia was found in 19%, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in 17% and only four patients (6.5%) were known cases of Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Nine patients (5.9%) reported a family history of hematological malignancies, 29 (19.0%) reported a family history of solid malignancies and only one patient reported a family history of both hematological and solid malignancies. Regarding the official medical reports of the patients, no patient had been interviewed properly about this crucial point. Conclusion: Positive family history for hematological and solid malignancies in Iraqi patients with myeloid neoplasms is prevalent. Our current approach to this critical issue in Iraq needs to be re-considered.

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Effects of Lifestyle and Environmental Factors on the Risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Result of a Hospital-based Case-Control Study

Journal of Research in Health Sciences ◽

10.34172/jrhs.2021.58 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. e00525-e00525

Author(s):

Masumeh Maleki Behzad ◽

Mohammad Abbasi ◽

Iman Oliaei ◽

Somayeh Ghorbani Gholiabad ◽

Hassan Rafieemehr

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Family History ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Case Control ◽

Cytotoxic Agents ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study ◽

Acute Myeloid

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common malignancy in adults. A vast variety of environmental and lifestyle factors play a role in AML incidence. This study aimed to assess the factors related to AML. Study design: A case-control study. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 137 AML cases during 2018-2021 at Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, and 137 gender/age-matched controls. A questionnaire including 12 items was used to obtain information about lifestyle and environmental factors. A univariate and multiple variate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR), and a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to investigate the relationship between the studied variables and the incidence of AML. Results: Based on findings, 62 (45.3%) out of the 137 leukemic cases were male and 75 (4.7%) were females. A statistically significant increased risk for AML was found with regard to prior usage of cytotoxic agents (OR: 8.00, 95% CI: 1.01, 63.9, P=0.050), family history of malignancies (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.65, 7.92, P=0.001), exposure to electrical power (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.52, 6.81, P=0.002), and history of mental diseases (OR: 8.50, 95% CI: 3.64, 19.80, P=0.001). It was found that the AML incidence had no association with age, gender, radiation therapy, cigarette smoking, prior chemotherapy, congenital disorders, exposure to chemical agents, history of infectious mononucleosis, exercise, and blood transfusion (P>0.05). Conclusion: The current results suggested that cytotoxic agents, family history of malignancy, mental disorders, and exposure to electrical power could play a role in AML incidence.

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Donor lymphocyte infusions after first allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in adults with acute myeloid leukemia: a single-center landmark analysis

Annals of Hematology ◽

10.1007/s00277-021-04494-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrés R. Rettig ◽

Gabriele Ihorst ◽

Hartmut Bertz ◽

Michael Lübbert ◽

Reinhard Marks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Risk Marker ◽

Single Center ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Acute Myeloid ◽

Donor Lymphocyte Infusions

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is potentially curative for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The inherent graft-versus-leukemia activity (GvL) may be optimized by donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI). Here we present our single-center experience of DLI use patterns and effectiveness, based on 342 consecutive adult patients receiving a first allo-HSCT for AML between 2009 and 2017. The median age at transplantation was 57 years (range 19–79), and the pre-transplant status was active disease in 58% and complete remission (CR) in 42% of cases. In a combined landmark analysis, patients in CR on day +30 and alive on day +100 were included. In this cohort (n=292), 93 patients received cryopreserved aliquots of peripheral blood-derived grafts for DLI (32%) and median survival was 55.7 months (2-year/5-year probability: 62%/49%). Median survival for patients receiving a first dose of DLI “preemptively,” in the absence of relapse and guided by risk marker monitoring (preDLI; n=42), or only after hematological relapse (relDLI; n=51) was 40.9 months (2-year/5-year: 64%/43%) vs 10.4 months (2-year/5-year: 26%/10%), respectively. Survival was inferior when preDLI was initiated at a time of genetic risk marker detection vs mixed chimerism or clinical risk only. Time to first-dose preDLI vs time to first-dose relDLI was similar, suggesting that early warning and intrinsically lower dynamics of AML recurrence may contribute to effectiveness of preDLI-modified GvL activity. Future refinements of the preemptive DLI concept will benefit from collaborative efforts to diagnose measurable residual disease more reliably across the heterogeneous genomic spectrum of AML.

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