scholarly journals Genetic loci associated with prevalent and incident myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0230035
Author(s):  
Julie Hahn ◽  
Yi-Ping Fu ◽  
Michael R. Brown ◽  
Joshua C. Bis ◽  
Paul S. de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Common Variants ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genomic loci associated with coronary artery disease, but most are common variants in non-coding regions that provide limited information on causal genes and etiology of the disease. To overcome the limited scope that common variants provide, we focused our investigation on low-frequency and rare sequence variations primarily residing in coding regions of the genome. Methods and results Using samples of individuals of European ancestry from ten cohorts within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, both cross-sectional and prospective analyses were conducted to examine associations between genetic variants and myocardial infarction (MI), coronary heart disease (CHD), and all-cause mortality following these events. For prevalent events, a total of 27,349 participants of European ancestry, including 1831 prevalent MI cases and 2518 prevalent CHD cases were used. For incident cases, a total of 55,736 participants of European ancestry were included (3,031 incident MI cases and 5,425 incident CHD cases). There were 1,860 all-cause deaths among the 3,751 MI and CHD cases from six cohorts that contributed to the analysis of all-cause mortality. Single variant and gene-based analyses were performed separately in each cohort and then meta-analyzed for each outcome. A low-frequency intronic variant (rs988583) in PLCL1 was significantly associated with prevalent MI (OR = 1.80, 95% confidence interval: 1.43, 2.27; P = 7.12 × 10−7). We conducted gene-based burden tests for genes with a cumulative minor allele count (cMAC) ≥ 5 and variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%. TMPRSS5 and LDLRAD1 were significantly associated with prevalent MI and CHD, respectively, and RC3H2 and ANGPTL4 were significantly associated with incident MI and CHD, respectively. No loci were significantly associated with all-cause mortality following a MI or CHD event. Conclusion This study identified one known locus (ANGPTL4) and four new loci (PLCL1, RC3H2, TMPRSS5, and LDLRAD1) associated with cardiovascular disease risk that warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Genetic loci associated with prevalent and incident myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hahn ◽  
Yi-Ping Fu ◽  
Michael R. Brown ◽  
Joshua C. Bis ◽  
Paul S. de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
Common Variants ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
All Cause Mortality

AbstractBackgroundGenome-wide association studies have identified multiple genomic loci associated with coronary artery disease, but most are common variants in non-coding regions that provide limited information on causal genes and etiology of the disease. To better understand etiological pathways that might lead to discovery of new treatments or prevention strategies, we focused our investigation on low-frequency and rare sequence variations primarily residing in coding regions of the genome while also exploring associations with common variants.Methods and ResultsUsing samples of individuals of European ancestry from ten cohorts within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, both cross-sectional and prospective analyses were conducted to examine associations between genetic variants and myocardial infarction (MI), coronary heart disease (CHD), and all-cause mortality following these events. Single variant and gene-based analyses were performed separately in each cohort and then meta-analyzed for each outcome. A low-frequency intronic variant (rs988583) in PLCL1 was significantly associated with prevalent MI (OR=1.80, 95% confidence interval: 1.43, 2.27; P=7.12 × 10-7). Three common variants, rs9349379 in PHACTR1, and rs1333048 and rs4977574 in the 9p21 region, were significantly associated with prevalent CHD. Four common variants (rs4977574, rs10757278, rs1333049, and rs1333048) within the 9p21 locus were significantly associated with incident MI. We conducted gene-based burden tests for genes with a cumulative minor allele count (cMAC) ≥ 5 and variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%. TMPRSS5 and LDLRAD1 were significantly associated with prevalent MI and CHD, respectively, and RC3H2 and ANGPTL4 were significantly associated with incident MI and CHD, respectively. No loci were significantly associated with all-cause mortality following a MI or CHD event.ConclusionThis study confirmed previously reported loci influencing heart disease risk, and one single variant and three genes associated with MI and CHD were newly identified and warrant future investigation.

scholarly journals Trends in Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease Following Myocardial Infarction Among US Women and Men Between 2008 and 2017

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne A.E. Peters ◽  
Lisandro D. Colantonio ◽  
Yuling Dai ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Vera A. Bittner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
Heart Failure Hospitalization ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background: Rates for recurrent coronary heart disease (CHD) events have declined in the US. However, few studies have assessed whether this decline has been similar among women and men. Methods: Data were used from 770,408 US women and 700,477 US men <65 years of age with commercial health insurance through MarketScan and ≥66 years of age with government health insurance through Medicare who had a myocardial infarction (MI) hospitalization between 2008 and 2017. Women and men were followed for recurrent MI, recurrent CHD events (i.e., recurrent MI or coronary revascularization), heart failure hospitalization, and all-cause mortality (Medicare only) in the 365 days post-MI. Results: From 2008 to 2017, age-standardized recurrent MI rates per 1,000 person-years decreased from 89.2 to 72.3 in women and from 94.2 to 81.3 in men (multivariable-adjusted p-interaction by sex<0.001). Recurrent CHD event rates decreased from 166.3 to 133.3 in women and from 198.1 to 176.8 in men (p-interaction<0.001). Heart failure hospitalization rates decreased from 177.4 to 158.1 in women and from 162.9 to 156.1 in men (p-interaction=0.001). All-cause mortality rates decreased from 403.2 to 389.5 in women and from 436.1 to 417.9 in men (p-interaction=0.82). In 2017, the multivariable-adjusted rate ratios (95%CI), comparing women with men were 0.90 (0.86, 0.93) for recurrent MI, 0.80 (0.78, 0.82) for recurrent CHD events, 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) for heart failure hospitalization, and 0.82 (0.80-0.83) for all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Rates of recurrent MI, recurrent CHD events, heart failure hospitalization, and mortality in the first year after an MI declined considerably between 2008 and 2017 in both men and women, with proportionally greater reductions for women than men. However, rates remain very high and rates of recurrent MI, recurrent CHD events and death continue to be higher among men than women.

Optical coherent tomography for the diagnostic of non-obstructive coronary artery myocardial infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Leonova ◽  
S Boldueva ◽  
V Feoktistova ◽  
D Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Spontaneous Dissection

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. The widespread use of coronary angiography (CAG) in patients with acute coronary syndrome led to the understanding that in some patients myocardial infarction (MI) occurs against angiographically unchanged or slightly modified coronary arteries (CA). In such cases, the so-called "type 2 IM" is diagnosed in some patients, however, to determine the true cause of MI, a modern method of investigation such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) is needed to visualize the intima of the CA and detect a minimal atherosclerotic process.  The purpose of the study was to establish the etiology of MI without obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) using OCT. Materials and methods 160 conclusions of the OCT were analyzed. In 9 (6%) cases, the study was conducted in patients who underwent proven MI (mean age 43,1 ± 13,2, 8 males, 1 female) who had no hemodynamically significant CA stenosis according to CAG data. Results in 2 cases (22%) patients had ST-elevation MI, thrombotic occlusion of the CA (in one case, thrombaspiration was performed). In both patients, spontaneous dissection of the intima of the unmodified CA was detected in the OCT. The remaining 7 patients had non-ST-elevation MI, and in 2 cases, a diagnosis of type 2 MI was established: in both patients, the atherosclerotic plaque was visualized, narrowing the lumen of the CA less than 50%, in one case MI developed against a background of the hypertensive crisis, in another - against a background of spasm of CA. In the remaining 5 patients, OCT revealed subintimal atheromatous, with elements of local dissection of the intima. Thus, in 78% of patients atherosclerosis of CA of different severity (from the subintimal deposition of lipids to the development of atherosclerotic plaque, narrowing the clearance of the SC by less than 50%) was diagnosed. In the analysis of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), 57% of patients with atheromatous CA had more than 2 risk factors for CHD: 3 (42%) smoked, 5 (71%) - obesity, 4 (57% ) - had arterial hypertension, 3 (42%) had dyslipidemia, 1 (14%) had type 2 diabetes. In the group of patients with spontaneous intima dissection of the CA, 1 patient (woman) did not have CHD risk factors, the 2-nd suffered from obesity and hypertension. For all patients a lifestyle correction was recommended; statins, antiplatelets were prescribed, patients with spontaneous dissection of CA had the recommendation of examination in the medical-genetic center. Conclusion Based on the results of the study, in most cases, the cause of IMBOC development was an atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary arteries, which is not always visualized with standard coronary angiography. Basically, the patients were young and middle-aged. Most patients had different risk factors for coronary heart disease.

scholarly journals Lipid profile and prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangmei Zhao ◽  
Dongying Wang ◽  
Lijie Qin
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Reduced Risk

Abstract Background This meta-analysis based on prospective cohort studies aimed to evaluate the associations of lipid profiles with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were systematically searched for prospective cohort study published through December 2019, and the pooled results were calculated using the random-effects model. Results Twenty-one studies with a total of 76,221 patients with CHD met the inclusion criteria. The per standard deviation (SD) increase in triglyceride was associated with a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Furthermore, the per SD increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was associated with a reduced risk of cardiac death, whereas patients with lower HDL-C were associated with an increased risk of MACE, all-cause mortality, and cardiac death. Finally, the risk of MACE was significantly increased in patients with CHD with high lipoprotein(a) levels. Conclusions The results of this study suggested that lipid profile variables could predict major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in patients with CHD.

scholarly journals Dietary Soy Consumption and Cardiovascular Mortality among Chinese People with Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2513
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Wang ◽  
Jun Lv ◽  
Canqing Yu ◽  
Liming Li ◽  
Yonghua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Soy Foods ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Randomized controlled trials showed that soy intervention significantly improved blood lipids in people with diabetes. We sought to prospectively examine the association of soy consumption with the risk of cardiovascular death among individuals with diabetes. A total of 26,139 participants with a history of diabetes were selected from the Chinese Kadoorie Biobank study. Soy food consumption was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Causes of death were coded by the 10th International Classification of Diseases. The Cox proportional hazard regression was used to compute the hazard ratios. During a median follow-up of 7.8 years, a total of 1626 deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD) were recorded. Compared with individuals who never consumed soy foods, the multivariable-adjusted risks (95% confidence intervals) of CVD mortality were 0.92 (0.78, 1.09), 0.89 (0.75, 1.05), and 0.77 (0.62, 0.96) for those who consumed soy foods monthly, 1–3 days/week, and ≥4 days/week, respectively. For cause-specific cardiovascular mortality, significant inverse associations were observed for coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. Higher soy food consumption was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular death, especially death from coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction, in Chinese adults with diabetes.

scholarly journals A retrospective study on the usefulness of the JJ risk engine for predicting the incidence rate of coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunari Yamashita ◽  
Rina Kitajima ◽  
Kiyoshi Matsubara ◽  
Gaku Inoue ◽  
Hajime Matsubara
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Risk Engine

Abstract Objective In 2018, we conducted a retrospective survey using the medical records of 484 patients with type 2 diabetes. The observed value of coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence after 5 years and the predicted value by the JJ risk engine as of 2013 were compared and verified using the discrimination and calibration values. Results Among the total cases analyzed, the C-statistic was 0.588, and the calibration was p < 0.05; thus, the JJ risk engine could not correctly predict the risk of CHD. However, in the group expected to have a low frequency of hypoglycemia, the C-statistic was 0.646; the predictability of the JJ risk engine was relatively accurate. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately predict the complication rate of patients using the JJ risk engine based on the diabetes treatment policy after the Kumamoto Declaration 2013. The JJ risk engine has several input items (variables), and it is difficult to satisfy them all unless the environment is well-equipped with testing facilities, such as a university hospital. Therefore, it is necessary to create a new risk engine that requires fewer input items than the JJ risk engine and is applicable to several patients.

No causal effects of plasma homocysteine levels on the risk of coronary heart disease or acute myocardial infarction: A Mendelian randomization study

2019 ◽  
pp. 204748731989467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Miao ◽  
Guo-Xiong Deng ◽  
Rui-Xing Yin ◽  
Rong-Jun Nie ◽  
Shuo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Artery Disease

Background Although many observational studies have shown an association between plasma homocysteine levels and cardiovascular diseases, controversy remains. In this study, we estimated the role of increased plasma homocysteine levels on the etiology of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization study on disease was conducted, i.e. “coronary heart disease” ( n = 184,305) and “acute myocardial infarction” ( n = 181,875). Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms, which were genome-wide significantly associated with plasma homocysteine levels in 57,644 subjects from the Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome wide Replication and Meta-analysis (CARDIoGRAM) plus The Coronary Artery Disease (C4D) Genetics (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) consortium genome-wide association study and were known to be associated at p < 5×10–8, were used as an instrumental variable. Results None of the nine single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with coronary heart disease or acute myocardial infarction ( p > 0.05 for all). Mendelian randomization analysis revealed no causal effects of plasma homocysteine levels, either on coronary heart disease (inverse variance weighted; odds ratio = 1.015, 95% confidence interval = 0.923–1.106, p = 0.752) or on acute myocardial infarction (inverse variance weighted; odds ratio = 1.037, 95% confidence interval = 0.932–1.142, p = 0.499). The results were consistent in sensitivity analyses using the weighted median and Mendelian randomization-Egger methods, and no directional pleiotropy ( p = 0.213 for coronary heart disease and p = 0.343 for acute myocardial infarction) was observed. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that plasma homocysteine levels were not significantly associated with coronary heart disease or acute myocardial infarction. Conclusions The findings from this Mendelian randomization study indicate no causal relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and coronary heart disease or acute myocardial infarction. Conflicting findings from observational studies might have resulted from residual confounding or reverse causation.

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