scholarly journals The effects of shoe type on lower limb venous status during gait or exercise: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0239787
Author(s):  
Lucie Lerebourg ◽  
Maxime L'Hermette ◽  
Charlotte Menez ◽  
Jeremy Coquart
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
English Language ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Ebsco Host ◽  
Meta Analyses

This systematic review evaluated the literature pertaining to the effect of shoes on lower limb venous status in asymptomatic populations during gait or exercise. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The PubMed-NCBI, EBSCO Host, Cochrane Library and Science Direct databases were searched (March 2019) for words around two concepts: shoes and venous parameters. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the manuscript had to be published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal and the study had to be observational or experimental and (2) the study had to suggest the analysis of many types of shoes or orthotics on venous parameters before, during and/or after exercise. Out of 366 articles, 60 duplications were identified, 306 articles were analyzed, and 13 articles met the eligibility criteria after screening and were included. This review including approximately 211 participants. The methodological rigor of these studies was evaluated with the modified Downs and Black quality index. Nine studies investigated the effect of shoes on blood flow parameters, two on venous pressure and two on lower limb circumferences with exercise. Evidence was found that unstable shoes or shoes with similar technology, sandals, athletic or soft shoes, and customized foot orthotics elicited more improvement in venous variables than high-heeled shoes, firm shoes, ankle joint immobilization and barefoot condition. These venous changes are probably related to the efficiency of muscle pumps in the lower limbs, which in turn seem to be dependent on shoe features associated with changes in the kinetics, kinematics and muscle activity variables in lower limbs during gait and exercise.

scholarly journals The effective interventions to improve long-term physiotherapy exercise adherence among patients with lower limb osteoarthritis. A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pathmanathan Cinthuja ◽  
Nidhya Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Gamalendira Shivapatham
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Booster Sessions

Abstract Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition that severely effects work life balance impacting psychosocial and socio-economic aspects. Physiotherapy exercise is one of the intervention methods for the management of OA. Adherence to the exercise by patients is essential for the effective management of OA. Objectives: To determine different methods used to enhance physiotherapy exercise adherence for more than 12 months among patients with osteoarthritis and to report the effective method to enhance exercise adherence among people with lower limb osteoarthritis. Design: Systematic review Methods: PubMed, Pedro, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases searched for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies published in the English language from 2000 to 2020. The date of data extraction was 04 September 2020. Two independent researchers conducted literature search, assessed eligibility, extracted data, conducted methodology quality assessment using the PEDro scale, and conducted risk of bias assessment. A narrative synthesis of key outcomes is presented; preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review was used to report the review. The study protocol was registered in the Prospero (Prospero ID: CRD42020205653). Results: The primary search strategy identified 5839 potentially relevant articles, of which 5157 remained after discarding duplicates. After screening based on title and abstract, 40 papers were potentially eligible for inclusion. Five of these papers met all predefined eligibility criteria. Introducing methods to enhance exercise adherence has caused a significant increase in exercise adherence for the short term (less than six months or 12 months). There were no significant differences, long-term adherence with different methods, reported. The results indicate that booster sessions (89.69%) and telephone-linked communication (86%) had higher percentages for the exercise adherence. Secondary outcomes such as pain, stiffness, function, show positive outcomes with increasing exercise adherence. However, there were no significant differences reported. Conclusion: The booster sessions and telephone-linked communication appear to enhance exercise adherence for more than 12 months among patients with osteoarthritis. However, a number of high-quality studies are inadequate to confirm our findings. Therefore, more studies with higher methodological quality are needed to determine the best strategies to enhance long-term exercise adherence among people with osteoarthritis. Key terms: Osteoarthritis, Long term, Exercise adherence

scholarly journals CUPPING THERAPY: A PRUDENT APPROACH IN PAIN MANAGEMENT-A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Hafiza Javeria ◽  
Yusra Obaid ◽  
Ismail Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Cupping Therapy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cupping Therapy is an ancient form of alternative medicine for treating variety of musculoskeletal disorders. Number of studies indicated the efficacy of various cupping methods in decreasing neck or back pain intensity within short duration and improves quality of life. DATABASES AND ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA The experimental studies were searched on the electronic databases including Google Scholar, PEDro, PubMed and Cochrane Library from June 2015 to December 2019. It was ensured that all articles were full-text in English language whereas screening was executed on relevant titles and abstracts, evaluated on the basis of cupping therapy and its effects on musculoskeletal pain. RESULTS A total of eight out of ten experimental studies showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in spinal pain in result of cupping therapy except for the two studies that demonstrated no significant pre-post group differences (p>0.05).

scholarly journals Efficacy of Dental Bleaching with Whitening Dentifrices: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno G. S. Casado ◽  
Sandra L. D. Moraes ◽  
Gleicy F. M. Souza ◽  
Catia M. F. Guerra ◽  
Juliana R. Souto-Maior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Meta Analyses

A systematic review was performed to evaluate whether whitening toothpastes promote tooth whitening when compared to the use of conventional (nonbleaching) dentifrices. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42017065132) and is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Electronic systematic searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were conducted for published articles. Only randomized clinical trials in adults that compared the use of so-called whitening dentifrices to the use of nonwhitening dentifrices were selected. The outcome was tooth color change. Twenty-two articles from 703 data sources met the eligibility criteria. After title and abstract screening, 16 studies remained, after which a further five studies were excluded. In total, nine studies were qualitatively analyzed. Significant differences in tooth color change were found between the groups using whitening dentifrices and those using nonwhitening dentifrices. Within the limitations of this study, the evidence from this systematic review suggests that bleaching dentifrices have potential in tooth whitening. However, although many whitening dentifrices have been introduced into the dental market for bleaching treatments, it is important to analyze tooth surface and color changes when performing home bleaching.

scholarly journals The use and effectiveness of cadaveric workshops in higher surgical training: a systematic review

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gilbody ◽  
AW Prasthofer ◽  
K Ho ◽  
ML Costa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
English Language ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Surgical Trainees

INTRODUCTION The aim of this systematic review is to describe the use of cadavers in postgraduate surgical training, to determine the effect of cadaveric training sessions on surgical trainees' technical skills performance and to determine how trainees perceive the use of cadaveric workshops as a training tool. METHODS An electronic literature search was performed, restricted to the English language, of MEDLINE®, Embase™, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), Centre for Agricultural Bioscience (CAB) Abstracts, the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC™) database, the British Education Index, the Australian Education Index, the Cochrane Library and the Best Evidence in Medical Education website. Studies that were eligible for review included primary studies evaluating the use of human cadaveric surgical workshops for surgical skills training in postgraduate surgical trainees and those that included a formal assessment of skills performance or trainee satisfaction after the training session. RESULTS Eight studies were identified as satisfying the eligibility criteria. One study showed a benefit from cadaveric workshop training with regard to the ability of trainees to perform relatively simple emergency procedures and one showed weak evidence of a benefit in performing more complex surgical procedures. Three studies showed that trainees valued the experience of cadaveric training. CONCLUSIONS Evidence for the effectiveness of cadaveric workshops in surgical training is currently limited. In particular, there is little research into how these workshops improve the performance of surgical trainees during subsequent live surgery. However, both trainees and assessors hold them in high regard and feel they help to improve operative skills. Further research into the role of cadaveric workshops is required.

scholarly journals The Protective Effects of the Autophagic and Lysosomal Machinery in Vascular and Valvular Calcification: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8933
Author(s):  
Cédric H. G. Neutel ◽  
Jhana O. Hendrickx ◽  
Wim Martinet ◽  
Guido R. Y. De Meyer ◽  
Pieter-Jan Guns
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Lysosomal Function ◽  
Homeostatic Process ◽  
Valvular Calcification

Background: Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic homeostatic process, crucial for cell survival. It has been shown that autophagy can modulate different cardiovascular pathologies, including vascular calcification (VCN). Objective: To assess how modulation of autophagy, either through induction or inhibition, affects vascular and valvular calcification and to determine the therapeutic applicability of inducing autophagy. Data sources: A systematic review of English language articles using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science (WoS) and the Cochrane library. The search terms included autophagy, autolysosome, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy, lysosomal, calcification and calcinosis. Study characteristics: Thirty-seven articles were selected based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Thirty-three studies (89%) studied vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification of which 27 (82%) studies investigated autophagy and six (18%) studies lysosomal function in VCN. Four studies (11%) studied aortic valve calcification (AVCN). Thirty-four studies were published in the time period 2015–2020 (92%). Conclusion: There is compelling evidence that both autophagy and lysosomal function are critical regulators of VCN, which opens new perspectives for treatment strategies. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as the development of more selective pharmacological agents and standardization of methods to measure autophagic flux.

A Systematic Review on Natural Medicines for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease with Meta-Analyses of Intervention Effect of Ginkgo

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (03) ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Yang ◽  
Dan Dan Xu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xinyou Liu ◽  
Robin Hoeven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Natural Medicines

We performed a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of natural medicines for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Disease-specific and intervention terms were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and PsycINFO to identify RCTs for the AD intervention of natural medicines, and searched for literatures in English language. The RCTs compared natural medicines and either placebo or orthodox medication in AD patients. The quality of literature was evaluated by Jadad's score and the Cochrane assessing tool to reduce the risk of bias. Meta-analysis and the heterogeneity of results across the trials were performed. Out of the literatures, 21 clinical reports were included in this review that satisfied the particular selection criteria. Apart from Ginkgo, other treatments we came across had minimal benefits and/or the methodological quality of the available trials was poor. The meta-analyses showed that Ginkgo had better outcomes than the placebo, with the standardized mean difference (SMD) between Ginkgo and the placebo on cognition being -1.62 (95% CI: -2.69 to -0.56) and on activities of daily living being -1.55 (95% CI: -2.55 to -0.55), with the existence of significant heterogeneity across studies. The meta-analysis for assessing the prevention effect of Ginkgo against AD suggested that risk ratio (RR) is 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92 to 1.22) between Gingko and the placebo, with no significant heterogeneity across studies (test for heterogeneity, p = 0.49). Our results suggest that Ginkgo may help established AD patients with cognitive symptoms but cannot prevent the neurodegenerative progression of the disease.

scholarly journals Improving the usefulness of evidence concerning the effectiveness of implementation strategies for knowledge products in primary healthcare: Protocol for a series of systematic reviews

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Tchala Vignon Zomahoun ◽  
José Massougbodji ◽  
André Bussières ◽  
Aliki Thomas ◽  
Dahlia Kairy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: The literature on the implementation of knowledge products is extensive. However, this literature is still difficult to interpret for policymakers and other stakeholders when faced with choosing implementation strategies likely to bring about successful change in their health systems. This work has the particularity to examine the scope of this literature, and to clarify the effectiveness of implementation strategies for different knowledge products. Consequently, we aim to: 1) determine the strengths and weaknesses of existing literature overviews; 2) produce a detailed portrait of the literature on implementation strategies for various knowledge products; and 3) assess the effectiveness of implementation strategies for each knowledge product identified and classify them.Methods: We will use a three-phase approach consisting of a critical analysis of existing literature overviews, a systematic review of systematic reviews, and a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We will follow the Cochrane Methodology for each of three phases. Our eligibility criteria are defined following a PICOS approach: Population, individuals or stakeholders participating in healthcare delivery, specifically, healthcare providers, caregivers, and end users; Intervention, any type of strategy aiming to implement a knowledge product including, but not limited to, a decision support tool, a clinical practice guideline, a policy brief, or a decision-making tool, a one-pager, or a health intervention; Comparison, any comparator will be considered; Outcomes, Phases 1 and 2 – any outcome related to implementation strategies including, but not limited to, the measures of adherence/fidelity to the use of knowledge products, their acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, adaptability, implementation costs, penetration/reach and sustainability; Phase 3 – any additional outcome related to patients (psychosocial, health behavioral, and clinical outcomes) or healthcare professionals (behavioral and performance outcomes); Setting, primary healthcare has to be covered. We will search MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library from their inception onwards. For each phase, two reviewers will independently perform the selection of studies, data extraction, and assess their methodological quality. We will analyze extracted data, and perform narrative syntheses, and meta-analyses when possible.Discussion: Our results could inform not only the overviews’ methodology, but also the development of an online platform for the implementation strategies of knowledge products. This platform could be useful for stakeholders in implementation science.Systematic review registration: Protocol registered on Open science Framework, https://osf.io/hqbx8

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Bio-aerosol Reducing Procedures Used in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshman Perera Samaranayake ◽  
Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin ◽  
Borvornwut Buranawat ◽  
Chamila Panduwawala
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Rubber Dam ◽  
Combination Strategies ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Ebsco Host

Microbe laden air particles, known as bio-aerosols, are routinely generated, in clinical dentistry due to the operative instrumentation within a milieu rich in salivary organisms. As the major mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be airborne aerosols and droplets, there has been an intense focus on such aerosol generating procedures (AGP). As there has been no systematic reviews on the efficacy of bio-aerosol reducing measure in dentistry, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature on three major AGPs, rubber dam application, pre-procedural oral rinse, and high-volume evacuation (HVE) aimed at reducing dental bio-aerosols. Method: PubMed via Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCO host, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases between January 01, 1985, and April 30, 2020, were searched.Results: A total of 156 records in the English language literature were identified, of which 17 clinical studies with 724 patients were included in the final analyses. The eligible reviewed articles revealed the inadequacy of the afore mentioned three principal AGPs used in contemporary dental practice to minimise bio-aerosols. HVE appears to be the most efficacious method, although no single approach provides total elimination of bio-aerosols. Conclusion:This, the first systematic review on methods of controlling bio-aerosols in dental operatory settings, indicates that employing combination strategies of rubber dam, with a pre-procedural antimicrobial oral rinse, and HVE can significantly minimize bio-aerosols. As the quality of the currently available data on dental bio-aerosols are rather poor, further, controlled, multi-centre studies are essential to address this critical issue.

scholarly journals Measuring multimorbidity beyond counting diseases: systematic review of community and population studies and guide to index choice

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy E Stirland ◽  
Laura González-Saavedra ◽  
Donncha S Mullin ◽  
Craig W Ritchie ◽  
Graciela Muniz-Terrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Index Components

AbstractObjectivesTo identify and summarise existing indices for measuring multimorbidity beyond disease counts, to establish which indices include mental health comorbidities or outcomes, and to develop recommendations based on applicability, performance, and usage.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesSeven medical research databases (Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus) from inception to October 2018 and bibliographies and citations of relevant papers. Searches were limited to English language publications.Eligibility criteria for study selectionOriginal articles describing a new multimorbidity index including more information than disease counts and not focusing on comorbidity associated with one specific disease. Studies were of adults based in the community or at population level.ResultsAmong 7128 search results, 5560 unique titles were identified. After screening against eligibility criteria the review finally included 35 papers. As index components, 25 indices used conditions (weighted or in combination with other parameters), five used diagnostic categories, four used drug use, and one used physiological measures. Predicted outcomes included mortality (18 indices), healthcare use or costs (13), hospital admission (13), and health related quality of life (7). 29 indices considered some aspect of mental health, with most including it as a comorbidity. 12 indices are recommended for use.Conclusions35 multimorbidity indices are available, with differing components and outcomes. Researchers and clinicians should examine existing indices for suitability before creating new ones.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017074211.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of the Surgical Outcomes of Elbow Plicae

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596712095516
Author(s):  
In-Ho Jeon ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
Akriti Nanda ◽  
Hyojune Kim ◽  
Dong Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Radial Head ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Surgical resection is usually required for symptomatic elbow plicae that have failed nonoperative therapy. However, evidence of surgical outcomes has not been presented. Purpose: To review the surgical outcomes for the treatment of synovial plicae in the radiocapitellar joint. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Ovid/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Embase databases using keywords as well as Medical Subject Headings terms and Emtree ([(elbow OR humeroradial joint OR radiohumeral joint) AND (meniscus OR plica)] OR snapping elbow OR snapping triceps OR synovial fold syndrome OR synovial fringe) for English-language studies. We conducted a systematic review using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results: A total of 14 articles comprising four level 5 and ten level 4 studies were identified, including 279 patients (284 elbows). The triggering factors reported for 58 patients were heavy labor (29 patients; 50.0%), sporting activities (17 patients; 29.3%), and nonspecific trauma (12 patients; 20.7%). Overall, 92 patients (33.0%) were administered a steroid injection before surgery. Arthroscopic plica resection was performed in 266 patients (95.3%). Intraoperatively, plicae were mostly found in the posterior (44.0%) and posterolateral (28.6%) sites, and chondromalacia of the radial head was observed in 25 patients (9.2%). Of the reported surgical outcomes, 67.7% showed a resolution of symptoms. However, 9.3% of patients had residual symptoms, which were likely associated with pre-existing radial head chondromalacia. The complication rate was reported as 1.8%. Conclusion: Symptomatic elbow plicae were mostly treated arthroscopically, with most of the results being favorable. Pre-existing chondromalacia and the underestimation of concomitant intra-articular abnormalities may yield an inferior outcome.

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