scholarly journals Characterization of commercial poultry farms in Mexico: Towards a better understanding of biosecurity practices and antibiotic usage patterns

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242354
Author(s):  
Erika Ornelas-Eusebio ◽  
Gary García-Espinosa ◽  
Karine Laroucau ◽  
Gina Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Usage ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Farm Biosecurity

Mexico is one of the world’s major poultry producing countries. Two significant challenges currently facing the poultry industry are the responsible and judicious use of antimicrobials, and the potential occurrence of infectious disease outbreaks. For example, repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H7N3 have occurred in poultry since its first detection in Mexico in 2012. Both of these challenges can be addressed through good husbandry practices and the application of on-farm biosecurity measures. The aims of this study were: (i) to assess the biosecurity measures practiced across different types of poultry farms in Mexico, and (ii) to collect information regarding antimicrobial usage. A cross-sectional study was carried out through on-farm interviews on 43 poultry farms. A multiple correspondence analysis was performed to characterize the farms based on their pattern of biosecurity practices and antimicrobial usage. Three clusters of farms were identified using an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. In each cluster, a specific farm type was predominant. The biosecurity measures that significantly differentiated the visited farms, thus allowing their clusterization, were: the use of personal protective equipment (e.g. face masks, hair caps, and eye protection), the requirement for a hygiene protocol before and after entering the farm, the use of exclusive working clothes by staff and visitors, footbath presence at the barn entrance, and the mortality disposal strategy. The more stringent the biosecurity measures on farms within a cluster, the fewer the farms that used antimicrobials. Farms with more biosecurity breaches used antimicrobials considered critically important for public health. These findings could be helpful to understand how to guide strategies to reinforce compliance with biosecurity practices identified as critical according to the farm type. We conclude by providing certain recommendations to improve on-farm biosecurity measures.

scholarly journals Factors influencing dietary practices in a transitioning food environment: a cross-sectional exploration of four dietary typologies among rural and urban Ugandan women using Photovoice

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn I. Auma ◽  
Rebecca Pradeilles ◽  
Megan K. Blake ◽  
David Musoke ◽  
Michelle Holdsworth
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Background Healthy and sustainable dietary practices offer a possible solution to competing tensions between health and environmental sustainability, particularly as global food systems transition. To encourage such dietary practices, it is imperative to understand existing dietary practices and factors influencing these dietary practices. The aim of this study was to identify multi-level factors in lived rural and urban Ugandan food environments that influence existing dietary practices among women of reproductive age (WRA). Methods A mixed methods study was conducted. Multiple correspondence analysis followed by hierarchical cluster analysis were performed on dietary data collected among a sample (n = 73) of Ugandan WRA in Kampala (urban) and Wakiso (rural) districts to elicit dietary clusters. Dietary clusters, which were labelled as dietary typologies based on environmental impact and nutrition transition considerations, were reflective of dietary practices. Following this, a smaller sample of WRA (n = 18) participated in a Photovoice exercise and in-depth interviews to identify factors in their social, physical, socio-cultural and macro-level environments influencing their enactment of the identified dietary typologies, and therefore dietary practices. Results Four dietary typologies emerged: ‘urban, low-impact, early-stage transitioners’, ‘urban, medium-impact, mid-stage transitioners’, ‘rural, low-impact, early-stage transitioners’ and ‘rural, low-impact, traditionalists’. Although experienced somewhat differently, the physical environment (access, availability and cost), social networks (parents, other family members and friends) and socio-cultural environment (dietary norms) were cross-cutting influences among both urban and rural dietary typologies. Seasonality (macro-environment) directly influenced consumption of healthier and lower environmental impact, plant-based foods among the two rural dietary typology participants, while seasonality and transportation intersected to influence consumption of healthier and lower environmental impact, plant-based foods among participants in the two urban dietary typologies. Conclusion Participants displayed a range of dietary typologies, and therefore dietary practices. Family provides an avenue through which interventions aimed at encouraging healthier and lower environmental impact dietary practices can be targeted. Home gardens, urban farming and improved transportation could address challenges in availability and access to healthier, lower environmental impact plant-based foods among urban WRA.

scholarly journals On-farm biosecurity practices and causes of preweaning mortality in Canadian commercial mink kits

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Compo ◽  
David L. Pearl ◽  
Brian Tapscott ◽  
Amanda Storer ◽  
Jutta Hammermueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Farm Biosecurity ◽  
Mink Kits

scholarly journals General Practitioners' Propensity to Cooperate With Other Health Professionals in the Management of Patients With Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy: A Cross-sectional Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Carrier ◽  
Anna Zaytseva ◽  
Aurélie Bocquier ◽  
Patrick Villani ◽  
Martin Fortin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Professional Characteristics ◽  
Interprofessional Cooperation ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

Abstract Background. Cooperation between general practitioners (GPs) and other health professionals appears to help reduce the risk of adverse events linked to polypharmacy for patients with multimorbidity. We investigated the existence of different GP profiles according to their opinions and behaviors about such cooperation and studied the association between these profiles and the GPs’ characteristics and deprescribing behaviors.Methods. Between May and July 2016, we performed a cross-sectional survey in a panel of French GPsabout their management of patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy, focusing specifically on their opinions of healthcare professionals’ roles and interprofessional cooperation. We used an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis to identify GP profiles and then multivariable logistic regression models to study their associations with these doctors' characteristics and deprescribing behaviors.Results. We identified four profiles of GPs according to their cooperation propensities: GPs from the “intensive” profile (14%) were favorable to cooperating with various health professionals, including delegating some prescribing tasks to pharmacists; GPs from the "moderate" profile (47%) had favorable opinions about health professionals’ roles, except for this specific task delegation; GPs from the "selective" profile (27%) tended to work only with physicians; GPs from the "low cooperation" profile (12%) didn’t appeared interested in cooperation. These profiles were associated with different professional characteristics.Conclusions. Current health policies encourage interprofessional cooperation for the management of patients with multimorbidity. Our study provides information for understanding disparities among GPs regarding working with other professionals who deal with their patients and suggests possible ways to improve cooperation.

Association between farm biosecurity practices and antimicrobial usage on commercial chicken farms in Chattogram, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 105500
Author(s):  
Tasneem Imam ◽  
Justine S. Gibson ◽  
Suman Das Gupta ◽  
Md Ahasanul Hoque ◽  
Guillaume Fournié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Usage ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
Farm Biosecurity

scholarly journals On-farm biosecurity in livestock production: farmer behaviour, cultural identities and practices of care

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Maye ◽  
Kin Wing (Ray) Chan
Keyword(s):  
Science Studies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Farmer Behaviour ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Psychosocial Models ◽  
Farm Biosecurity

Definitions of biosecurity typically include generalised statements about how biosecurity risks on farms should be managed and contained. However, in reality, on-farm biosecurity practices are uneven and transfer differently between social groups, geographical scales and agricultural commodity chains. This paper reviews social science studies that examine on-farm biosecurity for animal health. We first review behavioural and psychosocial models of individual farmer behaviour/decisions. Behavioural approaches are prominent in biosecurity policy but have limitations because of a focus on individual farmer behaviour and intentions. We then review geographical and rural sociological work that emphasises social and cultural structures, contexts and norms that guide disease behaviour. Socio-cultural approaches have the capacity to extend the more commonly applied behavioural approaches and contribute to the better formulation of biosecurity policy and on-farm practice. This includes strengthening our understanding of ‘good farming' identity, tacit knowledge, farmer influence networks, and reformulating biosecurity as localised practices of care. Recognising on-farm biosecurity as practices of biosecure farming care offers a new way of engaging, motivating and encouraging farmers to manage and contain diseases on farm. This is critical given government intentions to devolve biosecurity governance to the farming industry.

Devolved Responsibility and On-Farm Biosecurity: Practices of Biosecure Farming Care in Livestock Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan Higgins ◽  
Melanie Bryant ◽  
Marta Hernández-Jover ◽  
Luzia Rast ◽  
Connar McShane
Keyword(s):  
Livestock Production ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Farm Biosecurity

Prevention of losses for hog farmers in China: Insurance, on-farm biosecurity practices, and vaccination

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-hua Zhang ◽  
Chu-Shiu Li ◽  
Chwen-Chi Liu ◽  
Kevin Z. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Farm Biosecurity

scholarly journals Developing an evidence assessment framework and appraising the academic literature on migrant health in Malaysia: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041379
Author(s):  
Allard Willem de Smalen ◽  
Zhie X Chan ◽  
Claudia Abreu Lopes ◽  
Michaella Vanore ◽  
Tharani Loganathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Literature

BackgroundA large number of international migrants in Malaysia face challenges in obtaining good health, the extent of which is still relatively unknown. This study aims to map the existing academic literature on migrant health in Malaysia and to provide an overview of the topical coverage, quality and level of evidence of these scientific studies.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using six databases, including Econlit, Embase, Global Health, Medline, PsycINFO and Social Policy and Practice. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were conducted in Malaysia, peer-reviewed, focused on a health dimension according to the Bay Area Regional Health Inequities Initiative (BARHII) framework, and targeted the vulnerable international migrant population. Data were extracted by using the BARHII framework and a newly developed decision tree to identify the type of study design and corresponding level of evidence. Modified Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used to assess study quality, and a multiple-correspondence analysis (MCA) was conducted to identify associations between different variables.Results67 publications met the selection criteria and were included in the study. The majority (n=41) of studies included foreign workers. Over two-thirds (n=46) focused on disease and injury, and a similar number (n=46) had descriptive designs. The average quality of the papers was low, yet quality differed significantly among them. The MCA showed that high-quality studies were mostly qualitative designs that included refugees and focused on living conditions, while prevalence and analytical cross-sectional studies were mostly of low quality.ConclusionThis study provides an overview of the scientific literature on migrant health in Malaysia published between 1965 and 2019. In general, the quality of these studies is low, and various health dimensions have not been thoroughly researched. Therefore, researchers should address these issues to improve the evidence base to support policy-makers with high-quality evidence for decision-making.

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