scholarly journals Associations between legal performance-enhancing substance use and future cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults: A prospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244018
Author(s):  
Jason M. Nagata ◽  
Kyle T. Ganson ◽  
Mitchell L. Cunningham ◽  
Deborah Mitchison ◽  
Jason M. Lavender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prospective Association

Background Legal performance-enhancing substances (PES), such as creatine, are commonly used by adolescents and young adults. As PES are mostly unregulated by the US Food and Drug Administration, there has been limited empirical attention devoted to examining their long-term safety and health outcomes. Preliminary studies have demonstrated associations between PES use and severe medical events, including hospitalizations and death. PES could be linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the most common cause of mortality in the US, by altering the myocardium, vasculature, or metabolism. The objective of this study was to examine prospective associations between the use of legal PES in young adulthood and CVD risk factors at seven-year follow-up. Materials and methods Nationally representative longitudinal cohort data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Waves III (2001–2002) and IV (2008), were analyzed. Regression models determined the prospective association between the use of legal PES (e.g. creatine monohydrate) and CVD risk factors (e.g. body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia), adjusting for relevant covariates. Results Among the diverse sample of 11,996 male and female participants, no significant differences by PES use in body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia were noted at Wave III. In unadjusted comparisons, legal PES users (versus non-users) were more likely to be White, be male, be college educated, drink alcohol, and engage in weightlifting, exercise, individual sports, team sports, and other strength training. There were no significant prospective associations between legal PES use at Wave III and body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL, triglycerides) deciles at seven-year follow-up (Wave IV), adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, and Wave III CVD risk factors. Similarly, there were no significant prospective associations between legal PES use and diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia based on objective measures or self-reported medications and diagnoses, adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, and Wave III CVD risk. Conclusions We do not find evidence for a prospective association between legal PES use and CVD risk factors in young adults over seven years of follow-up, including BMI, diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. It should be noted that legal PES use was operationalized dichotomously and as one broad category, which did not account for frequency, amount, or duration of use. Given the lack of regulation and clinical trials data, observational studies can provide much needed data to inform the safety and long-term health associations of legal PES use and, in turn, inform clinical guidance and policy.

scholarly journals Tumor-necrosis Factor Inhibitors Improve Aortic Stiffness in Patients With Longstanding Rheumatoid Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Giollo ◽  
Giovanni Cioffi ◽  
Federica Ognibeni ◽  
Giovanni Orsolini ◽  
Andrea Dalbeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Background. Major cardiovascular disease (CVD) benefits of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy occur in early RA patients with treat-to-target strategy. However, it is unknown whether long-term DMARDs treatment in established RA could be useful to improve CVD risk profile.Methods. Ultrasound aortic stiffness index (AoSI) has to be considered a proxy outcome measure in established RA patients. We measured AoSI in a group of RA patients on long-term treatment with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) or conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs). Eligible participants were assessed at baseline and after 12 months; changes in serum lipids, glucose and arterial blood pressure were assessed. All patients were on stable medications during the entire follow-up. Results. We included 107 (64 TNFi and 43 csDMARDs) RA patients. Most patients (74%) were in remission or low disease activity and had some CVD risk factors (45.8% hypertension, 59.8% dyslipidemia, 45.3% smoking). The two groups did not differ significantly for baseline AoSI (5.95±3.73% vs 6.08±4.20%, p=0.867). Follow-up AoSI was significantly increased from baseline in the csDMARDs group (+1.00%; p<0.0001) but not in the TNFi group (+0.15%, p=0.477). Patients on TNFi had significantly lower follow-up AoSI from baseline than the csDMARD group (-1.02%, p<0.001; ANCOVA corrected for baseline AoSI, age and systolic blood pressure). Furthermore, follow-up AoSI was significantly lower in TNFi users with 1-2 or >2 CVD risk factors than in those without. Conclusion. Long-term treatment with TNFi was associated with reduced aortic stiffness in patients with established RA and several CVD risk factors.

Aerobic fitness, body mass index, and CVD risk factors among adolescents: the Québec family study

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Eisenmann ◽  
P T Katzmarzyk ◽  
L Perusse ◽  
A Tremblay ◽  
J-P Després ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Quebec Family Study

scholarly journals Association of Abdominal Adiposity with Cardiovascular Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Fitzpatrick ◽  
Stephen M. Sozio ◽  
Bernard G. Jaar ◽  
Mara A. McAdams-DeMarco ◽  
Michelle M. Estrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: The risk of cardiovascular mortality is high among adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), a metric of abdominal adiposity, is a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in the general population; however, no studies have examined the association with CVD mortality, particularly sudden cardiac death (SCD), in incident hemodialysis. Methods: Among 379 participants incident (< 6 months) to hemodialysis enrolled in the Predictors of Arrhythmic and Cardiovascular Risk in ESRD study, we evaluated associations between WHR and risk of CVD mortality, SCD, and non-CVD mortality in Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: At study enrollment, mean age was 55 years with 41% females, 73% African Americans, and 57% diabetics. Mean body mass index was 29.3 kg/m2, and mean WHR was 0.95. During a median follow-up time of 2.5 years, there were 35 CVD deaths, 15 SCDs, and 48 non-CVD deaths. Every 0.1 increase in WHR was associated with higher risk (hazard ratio [95% CI]) of CVD mortality (1.75 [1.06–2.86]) and SCD (2.45 [1.20–5.02]), but not non-CVD mortality (0.93 [0.59–1.45]), independently of demographics, body mass index, comorbidities, inflammation, and traditional CVD risk factors. Conclusions: WHR is significantly associated with CVD mortality including SCD, independently of other CVD risk factors in incident hemodialysis. This simple, easily obtained bedside metric may be useful in dialysis patients for CVD risk stratification.

EXERCISE VERSUS BODY MASS INDEX AS PREDICTORS OF CVD RISK FACTORS IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN 501

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
C. L. Melby ◽  
B. Finnestead ◽  
W. D. Schmidt ◽  
M. L. Toohey ◽  
M. A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
American Women

scholarly journals Effect of Berberine on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Mechanistic Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2550
Author(s):  
Jie V. Zhao ◽  
Wai-Fung Yeung ◽  
Yap-Hang Chan ◽  
Dana Vackova ◽  
June Y. Y. Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Berberine, a long-standing, widely used, traditional Chinese medicine, is thought to have beneficial effects on CVD risk factors and in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The mechanisms and effects, specifically in men, possibly via testosterone, have not been examined previously. To assess the effect of berberine on CVD risk factors and any potential pathway via testosterone in men, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial in Hong Kong. In total, 84 eligible Chinese men with hyperlipidemia were randomized to berberine (500 mg orally, twice a day) or placebo for 12 weeks. CVD risk factors (lipids, thromboxane A2, blood pressure, body mass index and waist–hip ratio) and testosterone were assessed at baseline, and 8 and 12 weeks after intervention. We compared changes in CVD risk factors and testosterone after 12 weeks of intervention using analysis of variance, and after 8 and 12 weeks using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Of the 84 men randomized, 80 men completed the trial. Men randomized to berberine had larger reductions in total cholesterol (−0.39 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.70 to −0.08) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.01) after 12 weeks. Considering changes after 8 and 12 weeks together, berberine lowered total cholesterol and possibly low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and possibly increased testosterone. Changes in triglycerides, thromboxane A2, blood pressure, body mass index and waist–hip ratio after the intervention did not differ between the berberine and placebo groups. No serious adverse event was reported. Berberine is a promising treatment for lowering cholesterol. Berberine did not lower testosterone but instead may increase testosterone in men, suggesting sex-specific effects of berberine. Exploring other pathways and assessing sex differences would be worthwhile, with relevance to drug repositioning and healthcare.

The Counterweight programme: Prevalence of CVD risk factors by body mass index and the impact of 10% weight change

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. McQuigg ◽  
J.E. Brown ◽  
J. Broom ◽  
R.A. Laws ◽  
J.P.D. Reckless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Body Mass Index Predicts Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Inflammatory Status in Postmenopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1249-1249
Author(s):  
Saiful Singar ◽  
Richard Suminski ◽  
Bahram Arjmandi ◽  
Shirin Hooshmand ◽  
Sheau Chai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Bone Biomarkers ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract Objectives Some studies have shown that hormonal changes during menopause transition may lead to weight gain. Higher body mass index (BMI) may be beneficial for bone health but not for heart health. However, these phenomena are still unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether BMI is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, and bone and inflammatory biomarkers in osteopenic postmenopausal women. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 132 healthy osteopenic postmenopausal women (1 to 10 years) not on hormone therapy (HT) and other pharmacological agents known to affect bone were recruited. Overnight fasting blood and urine samples were collected. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between BMI and changes in CVD risk factors and inflammatory and bone biomarkers. Results Higher BMI was significantly associated with elevated serum fasting glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) levels after controlling for age, years of menopause, physical activity level, and total energy intake. Based on the regression model, every one unit increase in BMI was predicted to increase fasting glucose, CRP, ApoB, TC, LDL, TG by 1.0 mg/dL, 0.1 mg/L, 1.6 mg/dL, 2.8 mg/dL, 3.2 mg/dL, and 3.3 mg/dL, respectively. BMI was not associated with bone formation and resorption biomarkers. Conclusions BMI is a good predictor of inflammatory marker and CVD risk factors but not bone biomarkers in postmenopausal women. Future studies are needed to examine the associations of body composition (lean mass and fat mass) on CVD risk factors and bone biomarkers. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors reduce aortic stiffness progression in patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Giollo ◽  
Giovanni Cioffi ◽  
Federica Ognibeni ◽  
Giovanni Orsolini ◽  
Andrea Dalbeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Background Aortic stiffness index (AoSI) has to be considered a proxy outcome measure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to comparatively describe AoSI progression in two groups of RA patients on long-term treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) with or without tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). Methods AoSI was evaluated by Doppler echocardiography at the level of the aortic root, using a two-dimensional guided M-mode evaluation. Eligible participants were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. Changes in serum lipids, glucose and arterial blood pressure were assessed. All patients who did not change DMARD treatment during follow-up were consecutively selected for this study. Results We included 107 (64 TNFi and 43 csDMARDs) RA patients. Most patients (74%) were in remission or low disease activity and had some CVD risk factors (45.8% hypertension, 59.8% dyslipidaemia, 45.3% smoking). The two groups did not differ significantly for baseline AoSI (5.95±3.73% vs 6.08±4.20%, p=0.867). Follow-up AoSI was significantly increased from baseline in the csDMARDs group (+1.00%; p<0.0001) but not in the TNFi group (+0.15%, p=0.477). Patients on TNFi had significantly lower follow-up AoSI from baseline than the csDMARDs group (−1.02%, p<0.001; ANCOVA corrected for baseline AoSI, age and systolic blood pressure). Furthermore, follow-up AoSI was significantly lower in TNFi than in csDMARDs users with an increasing number of CVD risk factors. Conclusion Long-term treatment with TNFi was associated with reduced aortic stiffness progression in patients with established RA and several CVD risk factors.

scholarly journals Trajectories of cardiovascular disease risk and their association with the incidence of cardiovascular events over 18 years of follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Koohi ◽  
Nooshin Ahmadi ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh ◽  
Siavash Safiee ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Prospective Association

Abstract Background Understanding long-term patterns (trajectories) of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk and identifying different sub-groups with the same underlying risk patterns could help facilitate targeted cardiovascular prevention programs. Methods A total of 3699 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) (43% men, mean age = 53.2 years), free of CVD at baseline in 1999–2001 and attending at least one re-examination cycle between the second (2002–2005) and fourth cycles (2009–2011) were included. We examined trajectories of CVD risk, based on the ACC/AHA pooled cohort equation, over ten years and subsequent risks of incident CVD during eight years later. We estimated trajectories of CVD risk using group-based trajectory modeling. The prospective association of identified trajectories with CVD was examined using Cox proportional hazard model. Results Three distinct trajectories were identified (low-low, medium-medium, and high-high risk). The high-high and medium-medium CVD risk trajectories had an increasing trend of risk during the time; still, this rising trend was disappeared after removing the effect of increasing age. Upon a median 8.4 years follow-up, 146 CVD events occurred. After adjusting for age, the medium-medium and high-high trajectories had a 2.4-fold (95% CI 1.46–3.97) and 3.46-fold (95% CI 1.56–7.70) risk of CVD compared with the low-low group, respectively. In all trajectory groups, unfavorable increasing in fasting glucose, but favorable raising in HDL and decreasing smoking and total cholesterol happened over time. Conclusions Although the risk trajectories were stable during the time, different risk factors varied differently in each trajectory. These findings emphasize the importance of attention to each risk factor separately and implementing preventive strategies that optimize CVD risk factors besides the CVD risk.

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