scholarly journals Autophagy mediates grain yield and nitrogen stress resistance by modulating nitrogen remobilization in rice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244996
Author(s):  
Xiaoxi Zhen ◽  
Naimeng Zheng ◽  
Jinlei Yu ◽  
Congyuan Bi ◽  
Fan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
N Remobilization ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
N Harvest Index

Autophagy, a conserved cellular process in eukaryotes, has evolved to a sophisticated process to dispose of intracellular constituents and plays important roles in plant development, metabolism, and efficient nutrients remobilization under suboptimal nutrients conditions. Here, we show that OsATG8b, an AUTOPHAGY-RELATED8 (ATG8) gene in rice, was highly induced by nitrogen (N) starvation. Elevated expression of OsATG8b significantly increased ATG8 lipidation, autophagic flux, and grain yield in rice under both sufficient and deficient N conditions. Overexpressing of OsATG8b could greatly increase the activities of enzymes related to N metabolism. Intriguingly, the 15N-labeling assay further revealed that more N was remobilized to seeds in OsATG8b-overexpressing rice, which significantly increased the N remobilization efficiency (NRE), N harvest index, N utilization efficiency (NUE), and N uptake efficiency (NUpE). Conversely, the osatg8b knock-out mutants had the opposite results on these characters. The substantial transcriptional changes of the overexpressed transgenic lines indicated the presence of complex signaling to developmental, metabolic process, and hormone, etc. Excitingly, the transgenic rice under different backgrounds all similarly be boosted in yield and NUE with OsATG8b overexpression. This work provides an excellent candidate gene for improving N remobilization, utilization, and yield in crops simultaneously.

scholarly journals Ethephon Reduces Maize Nitrogen Uptake but Improves Nitrogen Utilization in Zea mays L.

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yushi Zhang ◽  
Yubin Wang ◽  
Churong Liu ◽  
Delian Ye ◽  
Danyang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
N Use

Increasing use of plant density or/and nitrogen (N) application has been introduced to maize production in the past few decades. However, excessive planting density or/and use of fertilizer may cause reduced N use efficiency (NUE) and increased lodging risks. Ethephon application improves maize lodging resistance and has been an essential measure in maize intensive production systems associated with high plant density and N input in China. Limited information is available about the effect of ethephon on maize N use and the response to plant density under different N rates in the field. A three-year field study was conducted with two ethephon applications (0 and 90 g ha−1), four N application rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha−1), and two plant densities (6.75 plants m−2 and 7.5 plants m−2) to evaluate the effects of ethephon on maize NUE indices (N agronomic efficiency, NAE; N recovery efficiency, NRE; N uptake efficiency, NUpE; N utilization efficiency, NUtE; partial factor productivity of N, PFPN), biomass, N concentration, grain yield and N uptake, and translocation properties. The results suggest that the application of ethephon decreased the grain yield by 1.83–5.74% due to the decrease of grain numbers and grain weight during the three experimental seasons. Meanwhile, lower biomass, NO3- and NH4+ fluxes in xylem bleeding sap, and total N uptake were observed under ethephon treatments. These resulted in lower NAE and NUpE under the ethephon treatment at a corresponding N application rate and plant density. The ethephon treatment had no significant effects on the N concentration in grains, and it decreased the N concentration in stover at the harvesting stage, while increasing the plant N concentration at the silking stage. Consequently, post-silking N remobilization was significantly increased by 14.10–32.64% under the ethephon treatment during the experimental periods. Meanwhile, NUtE significantly increased by ethephon.

scholarly journals Agronomic Strategies to Improve N Efficiency Indices in Organic Durum Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Area

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2444
Author(s):  
Federica Carucci ◽  
Giuseppe Gatta ◽  
Anna Gagliardi ◽  
Pasquale De Vita ◽  
Simone Bregaglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Increase

Organic farming systems are often constrained by limited soil nitrogen (N) availability. Here we evaluated the effect of foliar organic N and sulphur (S), and selenium (Se) application on durum wheat, considering N uptake, utilization efficiency (NUtE), grain yield, and protein concentration as target variables. Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 on two old (Cappelli and old Saragolla) and two modern (Marco Aurelio and Nadif) Italian durum wheat varieties. Four organic fertilization strategies were evaluated, i.e., the control (CTR, dry blood meal at sowing), the application of foliar N (CTR + N) and S (CTR + S), and their joint use (CTR + NS). Furthermore, a foliar application of sodium selenate was evaluated. Three factors—variety, fertilization strategies and selenium application—were arranged in a split-split-plot design and tested in two growing seasons. The modern variety Marco Aurelio led to the highest NUtE and grain yield in both seasons. S and N applications had a positive synergic effect, especially under drought conditions, on pre-anthesis N uptake, N translocation, NUtE, and grain yield. Se treatment improved post-anthesis N uptake and NUtE, leading to 17% yield increase in the old variety Cappelli, and to 13% and 14% yield increase in Marco Aurelio and Nadif, mainly attributed to NUtE increase. This study demonstrated that the synergistic effect of foliar applications could improve organic durum wheat yields in Mediterranean environments, especially on modern varieties.

scholarly journals Relationship of nitrogen use and nitrate reductase activity by sugarcane cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
C. L. R. Santos ◽  
J. O. Cazetta ◽  
L. M. Saran ◽  
M. F. Moraes ◽  
C. F. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Content ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Nr Activity

Intrinsic genetic potential of each cultivar of sugarcane may determine the absorption intensity and nitrogen assimilation. It is possible to occur a lower expression of the productive potential by limitations related to low nitrate reductase (NR) activity, since this enzyme is "key" of the N metabolism. The objectives were to compare cultivars of sugarcane as the level of NR activity and its relationship to productive and nutritional variables. The experiment was conducted under condition of a greenhouse, where were grown ten sugarcane cultivars in pots of 4 dm3, filled with sand and vermiculite plus nutrients as indicated for the crop. The variables evaluated were: plant height, NR activity, dry matter (shoot and roots), N content and N accumulation and N uptake and utilization efficiency, moreover, the correlation between the variables was evaluated. The results showed that NR activity varies with the cultivar and further, that NR activity in sugarcane leaves does not correlate with the N uptake efficiency, but is positively correlated with N content and negatively with N utilization efficiency. The NR activity is not a good physiological parameter to discriminate N efficient use sugarcane genotypes

scholarly journals Variations in Nitrogen Metabolism are Closely Linked with Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Cotton Genotypes under Various Nitrogen Supplies

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Qiang Dong ◽  
Xiangru Wang ◽  
Huiping Gui ◽  
Hengheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Available N ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
N Metabolism

Cotton production is highly sensitive to nitrogen (N) fertilization, whose excessive use is responsible for human and environmental problems. Lowering N supply together with the selection of N-efficient genotypes, more able to uptake, utilize, and remobilize the available N, could be a challenge to maintain high cotton production sustainably. The current study aimed to explore the intraspecific variation among four cotton genotypes in response to various N supplies, in order to identify the most distinct N-efficient genotypes and their nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)-related traits in hydroponic culture. On the basis of shoot dry matter, CCRI-69 and XLZ-30 were identified as N-efficient and N-inefficient genotypes, respectively, and these results were confirmed by their contrasting N metabolism, uptake (NUpE), and utilization efficiency (NUtE). Overall, our results indicated the key role of shoot glutamine synthetase (GS) and root total soluble protein in NUtE. Conversely, tissue N concentration and N-metabolizing enzymes were considered as the key traits in conferring high NUpE. The remobilization of N from the shoot to roots by high shoot GS activity may be a strategy to enhance root total soluble protein, which improves root growth for N uptake and NUE. In future, multi-omics studies will be employed to focus on the key genes and pathways involved in N metabolism and their role in improving NUE.

scholarly journals Improving wheat grain yield via promotion of water and nitrogen utilization in arid areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Tan ◽  
Qiang Chai ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Cai Zhao ◽  
Aizhong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Local Practice ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
N Rates

AbstractCrop yield is limited by water and nitrogen (N) availability. However, in Hexi Corridor of northwestern China, water scarcity and excessive fertilizer N in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production causes serious conflicts between water and N supply and crop demand. A field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018 to evaluate whether reducing of irrigation and fertilizer N will reduce grain yield of wheat. There were two irrigation quotas (192 and 240 mm) and three fertilizer N rates (135, 180, and 225 kg N ha−1). The results showed that reducing irrigation to 192 mm and N rate to 180 kg N ha−1 reduced water uptake, water uptake efficiency, and N uptake of spring wheat as compared to local practice (i.e., 240 mm irrigation and 225 kg N ha−1 fertilizer). Whereas, it improved water and N utilization efficiency, and water and N productivity. Consequently, the irrigation and N rate reduced treatment achieved the same quantity of grain yield as local practice. The path analysis showed that interaction effect between irrigation and N fertilization may attributable to the improvement of grain yield with lower irrigation and N rate. The enhanced water and N utilization allows us to conclude that irrigation quota at 192 mm coupled with fertilizer N rate at 180 kg N ha−1 can be used as an efficient practice for wheat production in arid irrigation areas.

The effects of cultivar, season and site on variation in grain N concentration and N use efficiency of winter wheat in Northern Ireland

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYA detailed study of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its components in three cultivars of winter wheat, Hereward, Rialto and Riband was undertaken in cultivar trials conducted in Northern Ireland in 1998 and 1999. Yield, grain N concentration, harvest index (HI), nitrogen harvest index (NHI), N uptake efficiency (NUpE), total N uptake, grain N off-take, N utilization efficiency (NUtE) and NUE itself all showed significant variation between sites. Cvars Hereward and Rialto had similar mean values across all the sites for many of the characteristics, with Riband usually differing. In all but one characteristic, grain N concentration, the responses of the three cultivars varied significantly from trial to trial and this, along with the substantial variation between sites, indicates that genetic control of the characteristics is partial. The amount of N applied as fertilizer accounted for little of the variation among the trials with weak associations for NUpE, which decreased, and grain yield, which increased with increasing fertilizer N. Neither grain yield nor NUE was associated with the amount of N taken up by the crop, but grain N concentration increased and NUtE decreased significantly. HI and NHI differed significantly among the cultivars, diverging at higher N uptakes, with Hereward and Rialto being similar and distinctly different from Riband. Grain yield was only weakly associated with NUpE but was strongly and positively associated with NUtE and NUE. The strong negative association between NUtE and NUpE highlights the potential and the urgency of understanding factors influencing uptake of nitrogen by crops. The extent of the non-genetic, i.e. environmental and management, variation in the characteristics, along with the relative similarity of the cultivar means, throws up a challenge to plant breeders, agronomists and researchers wishing to improve NUE genetically and through management. As with yield and other characteristics, a large number of trials will be required to identify consistent differences in NUE among cultivars. Thus, while mechanisms underlying NUE, NUpE and NUtE need to be understood, the possibility of using the HGCA UK Recommended List database to investigate NUE and identify cultivars with improved NUE should also be considered. Since in each of the HGCA trials cultivars have access to the same available N, and since grain yield=available N×NUE, grain yield itself is a surrogate for the NUE of cultivars. Grain N concentration is only determined in a few cultivars at present but could be used as an indicator of optimal N availability in individual trials, allowing variation in NUE of cultivars in response to agro-ecological factors on NUE to be studied.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Cultivar Interaction Effects on Nitrogen Recovery, Utilization Efficiency, and Agronomic Performance of Spring Barley

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadeta Anbessa ◽  
Patricia Juskiw
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
N Treatment

A study was carried out at Lacombe, Alberta, to develop baseline information on nitrogen recovery, utilization efficiency, and agronomic performance of spring barley. This information may enable us to understand where the inefficiencies of N nutrition may lay and determine strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Three divergent cultivars, “Manley” (two-rowed, tall, late maturing), “Noble” (six-rowed, mid-height, intermediate maturing), and “Tukwa” (six-rowed, semidwarf, early maturing), were grown under low (0 kg ha-1), moderate (50 kg ha-1) and high (100 kg ha-1) rates of applied N fertilization. Both N recovery and utilization efficiency decreased with the increase in rate of applied N fertilizer, and NUE declined from 45 kg kg-1N under the low N treatment to 33 kg kg-1N under the moderate treatment and 24 kg kg-1N under the high N treatment. The test cultivars were comparable in N uptake, but Tukwa and Noble were more efficient in their utilization of the N taken up than Manley, particularly under high N. Subsequently, while grain yield of Tukwa and Noble had increased linearly with rate of N fertilizer, the grain yield of Manley showed a declining trend under high N. This implies that, where a high input condition is targeted, improvement in N utilization efficiency may need to be given due consideration.

scholarly journals Genetic control of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in tropical maize

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1517-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Vagno de Souza ◽  
Glauco Vieira Miranda ◽  
João Carlos Cardoso Galvão ◽  
Fernando Roberto Eckert ◽  
Éder Eduardo Mantovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

The objectives of this work were to study the genetic control of grain yield (GY) and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE, grain yield/N applied) and its primary components, N uptake efficiency (NUpE, N uptake/N applied) and N utilization efficiency (NUtE, grain yield/N uptake), in maize grown in environments with high and low N availability. Experiments with 31 maize genotypes (28 hybrid crosses and three controls) were carried out in soils with high and low N rates, in the southeast of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. There was a reduction of 23.2% in average GY for maize grown in soil with low N, in comparison to that obtained with high N. There were 26.5, 199 and 400% increases in NUtE, NUpE, and NUE, respectively, for maize grown with low N. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for GY, NUE and NUpE for maize grown in high N soil. Only GCA was significant for NUpE for maize grown in low N soil. The GCA and SCA for NUtE were not significant in either environment. Additive and non-additive genetic effects are responsible for the genetic control of NUE and GY for maize grown in soils with high N availability, although additive effects are more important.

Response of low-N pool maize population to nitrogen uptake and use efficiency after three cycles of full-sib recurrent selection

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. OMOIGUI ◽  
S. O. ALABI ◽  
A. Y. KAMARA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYIdentification of plant cultivars efficient for nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization may contribute to the improvement of crop yield potential in areas of low-N (LN) availability. Three cycles of full-sib recurrent selection were applied on a LN pool-yellow (LNP-Y) maize population to improve its level of tolerance to low soil N in the savannah ecosystem. The progress after three cycles of selection was evaluated for two years (2000 and 2001). The objectives of the study were to classify the cycles in relation to response to N levels under field conditions and to investigate the progress in selection for improved grain yield and other agronomic traits at two N levels, LN (30 kg N/ha) and high-N (HN, 90 kg N/ha). The experiment was conducted under field conditions at the LN screening site of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, in the northern Guinea savannah of Nigeria. The experimental design consisted of randomized complete blocks with three replications. The aboveground biomass and grain at harvest were analysed for total N content. The results indicated differences in plant population response to N levels. Mean grain yield ranged from 2·5 t/ha in cycle 1 to 2·7 t/ha in cycle 3 under LN and from 4·2 t/ha in cycle 1 to 4·3 t/ha in cycle 3 under HN. The observed gains were 4·8% per cycle under LN and 1·4% per cycle under HN. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) traits, viz. N uptake efficiency and N utilization efficiency were positively affected by selection. Gains for N utilization efficiency were 6·3% per cycle at LN and 9·1% per cycle at HN, while observed gains for NUE were 3·9% at LN and 1·4% per cycle at HN. However, N utilization efficiency was identified as the most important component of NUE for selecting cycles of selection in population development. Total N content and N utilization efficiency were significantly correlated with each other at LN, and had a significant, positive, direct effect on grain yield. Grain yield was positively correlated with N content and N utilization efficiency at both N levels. Also, a significant positive correlation was observed at LN between 300 kernel weight and N utilization efficiency. N utilization efficiency was correlated with ears/plant at HN and negatively correlated with anthesis-silking interval (ASI). The present study revealed that selection for improved productivity under LN stress conditions could be further enhanced by simultaneously selecting for high grain yield performance based on N utilization efficiency and on secondary traits, such as ears/plant, 300 kernel weight, and reduced ASI.

Grain yield performance of rice genotypes at suboptimal levels of soil N as affected by N uptake and utilization efficiency

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tirol-Padre ◽  
J.K. Ladha ◽  
U. Singh ◽  
E. Laureles ◽  
G. Punzalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Rice Genotypes
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