scholarly journals Digestive tract morphology and enzyme activities of juvenile diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed fishmeal-based diets with or without fish protein hydrolysates

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245216
Author(s):  
Silvia Martínez-Llorens ◽  
Stefano Peruzzi ◽  
Inger-Britt Falk-Petersen ◽  
Sergio Godoy-Olmos ◽  
Lars Olav Ulleberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Thermal Growth ◽  
Triploid Fish

Triploid, sterile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) could make a contribution to the development of the farming industry, but uncertainties about the performance and welfare of triploids have limited their adoption by farmers. In this study, we compared the ontogeny of digestive tract morphology and enzyme activities (pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase) of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon. Fish were fed diets based on fishmeal (STD) or a mix of fishmeal and hydrolysed fish proteins (HFM) whilst being reared at low temperature from start-feeding to completion of the parr-smolt transformation. Fish weights for each ploidy and feed combination were used to calculate thermal growth coefficients (TGCs) that spanned this developmental period, and the data were used to examine possible relationships between enzyme activities and growth. At the end of the experiment, faeces were collected and analyzed to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of the dietary amino acids (AAs). Digestive tract histo-morphology did not differ substantially between ploidies and generally reflected organ maturation and functionality. There were no consistent differences in proteolytic enzyme activities resulting from the inclusion of HFM in the diet, nor was there improved digestibility and AA bioavailability of the HFM feed in either diploid or triploid fish. The triploid salmon had lower ADCs than diploids for most essential and non-essential AAs in both diets (STD and HFM), but without there being any indication of lower intestinal protease activity in triploid fish. When trypsin-to-chymotrypsin activity and trypsin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ratios (T:C and T:ALP, respectively) were considered in combination with growth data (TGC) low T:C and T:ALP values coincided with times of reduced fish growth, and vice versa, suggesting that T:C and T:ALP may be used to predict recent growth history and possible growth potential.

Mechanisms underlying the increase in young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) density with habitat complexity

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1956-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Venter ◽  
James W.A. Grant ◽  
Michelle V. Noël ◽  
Jae-woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Direct Support ◽  
Young Of The Year

We tested three hypotheses used to explain the increase in young-of-the-year (YOY) Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) density with habitat complexity: the territory-size, predator-refuge, and foraging-benefits hypotheses. We manipulated habitat complexity in three different treatments (boulder-removed, control, and boulder-added) at eight sites in Catamaran Brook and the Little Southwest Miramichi River, New Brunswick. The density of juvenile salmon was two times higher in the boulder-added treatment than in the other treatments. Our data were consistent with the territory-size hypothesis; visual isolation was highest and territory size was smallest in the boulder-added treatment, and salmon selected microhabitats to maximize their field of view. Our results showed partial support for the predator-refuge hypothesis; salmon in the boulder-added sites were closer to cover and showed a reduced reaction distance to a novel stimulus, but did not preferentially select microhabitats closer to cover. We found no direct support for the foraging-benefits hypothesis; however, there is indirect evidence that boulders may improve the growth potential of instream habitat. Our results suggest that YOY Atlantic salmon may be attracted to complex environments for the increased cover and that the decreased visibility of these sites causes a reduction in territory size, allowing a higher density of fish.

scholarly journals Lactic acid bacteria associated with the digestive tract of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ringo ◽  
H.R. Bendiksen ◽  
M.S. Wesmajervi ◽  
R.E. Olsen ◽  
P.A. Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

CONSIDERATIONS OF A METHOD OF ANALYZING DIALLEL CROSSES OF ATLANTIC SALMON

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Friars ◽  
J. K. Bailey ◽  
R. L. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis

Inferences derived from a proposed mixed model analysis of a diallel cross involving four stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are illustrated with growth data on weight and length. Variation between stocks was more apparent when samples represented dams as opposed to sires, thus stressing the relative importance of maternal effects. However, the ranking of stocks was not altered when either the means of sire sources or the means of dam sources were considered. No heterotic effects were found for the growth traits studied.

Consequences of circadian fluctuations in water temperature on the standard metabolic rate of Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1072-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Beauregard ◽  
Eva Enders ◽  
Daniel Boisclair
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Model Components ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

Fish that inhabit rivers may experience important daily fluctuations in water temperature. Bioenergetic models have the potential to simulate the effects of such fluctuations on fish growth; however, bioenergetic components are traditionally modeled using fish kept at constant water temperatures. This study tested the hypothesis that circadian fluctuations in water temperature increase the standard metabolic rate of fish. The standard metabolic rate of Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar; 5.96–36.20 g wet blotted mass) estimated at 20 ± 0.5 °C was 25% to 32% lower for fish held at a relatively constant water temperature (20.2 ± 0.5 °C) than for fish maintained under fluctuating thermal regimes (19.8 ± 2.0 °C; 19.5 ± 3.0 °C). This study suggests that a rise in standard metabolic rate may explain how temperature fluctuations affect fish growth. It also indicates that the traditional approach used to estimate and model components of the bioenergetic equation may substantially underestimate the standard metabolic rate of fish that are subjected to such fluctuations.

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