scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among primary school children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249595
Author(s):  
Mary Vincent Mosha ◽  
Sia E. Msuya ◽  
Elizabeth Kasagama ◽  
Philip Ayieko ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Level ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Sugary Drinks

Background Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in low- and middle-income countries is on the rise. We focused on multiple factors which could influence body mass index. Methods A cross sectional school-based study was conducted in Moshi, Tanzania. Primary school children aged 9–11 years were recruited from 20 schools through a multistage sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect information on physical activity and diet by food frequency questionnaire. Height and weight measurements were taken and body mass index z scores for age and sex (BMIZ) calculated using the WHO AnthroPlus. Children were considered thin if BMIZ was <-2 standard deviations and overweight or obese if BMIZ was >1 SD. Information on school policies and environment was obtained from headteachers. Correlates of overweight and obesity were examined using a multinomial multilevel logistic regression. Results A total of 1170 primary school children, of whom 636 (54%) were girls, were recruited from 20 schools. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15% overall (overweight 9% and obesity 6%) and most prevalent in urban areas (23%) and in private schools (24%). Moreover, thinness was found to be (10%) overall, most prevalent in rural areas (13%) and in government schools (14%). At school level, residing in urban (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] 3.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.49,5.68) and being in private school (aRRR 4.08; 95% CI 2.66,6.25) were associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity while availability of playgrounds in schools (aRRR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47, 0.97) was associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity. At home level, availability of sugary drinks (aRRR 1.52; 95% CI 1.01,2.28) was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity. Conclusion Overweight and obesity are common in private schools and in urban settings. Efforts should be taken to ensure availability of playgrounds in schools and encouraging children to engage in physical activities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of body mass index (bmi) of children aged 7-12 primary school pupils in Siedlce

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body

Background. The occurrence of overweight and obesity in childhood promote many diseases, causing complications both in childchood and in adulthood. Objective. The aim of study was to evaluate body mass index (BMI) of children aged 7-12 from primary schools in Siedlce (city in Poland) and determining the risk of obesity in this group. Material and methods. Subjects were 450 primary school children aged 7-12 years living in Siedlce, studied between 2017-2018, and consisted of 269 (59.7%) girls and 181 boys (40.3%). The BMIs were determined and total body composition was measured by a SC-240 Analyzer. Result were compared with percentile grids elaborated in the OLAF study. Results. The average BMI for 7-year-olds was 16.6, (16.8 for girls, c50=15.6 and 16.2 for boys, c50=15.8), whilst for 12-year-olds they were 19.0, (19.7 for girls, c50=18 and 19.1 for boys, c50=18). Despite 70.2% of average BMI values being correct, individually abnormal clusters were observed within the girl and boy grouping. We found that 5.8% children were underweight (6.7% girls and 4.4% boys), whilst 16.7% were overweight (19.7% girls and 12.1% boys), and those obese were 7.3% (8.2% girls and 6.1% boys). Conclusions. The BMI to height ratio was found to be correct in most subjects, nevertheless it was 12% higher in boys than girls. Abnormal BMIs were found in 1/3 of children, wherein overweight and obesity were more frequent than those being underweight. Excessive body mass was found in 24% of all children, with the highest rates being in 9-year-old girls (30.2%) and 12-year-old boys (29.4%). It is necessary to constantly monitor the BMI among school children.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DENTAL CARIES AND BODY MASS INDEX AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN MAKKAH CITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 1099-1110
Author(s):  
Alamri Fahad ◽  
Alahmadi Abdulrahman ◽  
AlGhamdi Badr ◽  
Alghamdi Essam ◽  
Alqarni Anas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Makkah City ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Comparison of Children’s Anthropometrics and Motor Performance Relative Body Mass Index using Principle Component Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Mohamad Razali Abdullah ◽  
Nuruaslizawati Ayob ◽  
Siti Musliha Mat-Rasid ◽  
Hafizan Juahir ◽  
Rabiu Muazu Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination

This study aims to compare dominant factors of anthropometrics and motor component among children relative body mass index. A total 5819 primary school children (3243 boys and 2576 girls) aged 7.30±0.28 years old were subdivided into four groups according their Body Mass Index (BMI) namely underweight group (UWG), normal weight group (NWG), overweight group (OWG) and obese group (OBG). The parameters involved in this study are weight, height, standing broad jump (SBJ), sit and reach (SAR), hand wall toss (HWT) and 20 meter run (20MR). Method of Principle Components Analysis (PCA) was employed to ascertain the domain factors parameters for each BMI group. For boys and girls, initial PCA identifies two components with higher Eigen value (> 1). In first component VF1 for boys and girls, PCA after varimax rotation revealed two varifactors that are weight (> 0.90) and height (> 0.80) for all BMI group. Otherwise, second component VF2 for boys and girls revealed high factor loading on low muscular strength, hand-eye coordination and speed. This study indicates there is direct effect between motor proficiency and BMI among preschool population and revealed that primary school children with high body mass may have lower motor proficiency on explosive strength, coordination and speed compared with normal body mass. 

Comorbidities in Primary vs Secondary School Children With Obesity and Responsiveness to Lifestyle Intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 3803-3811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Karnebeek ◽  
Supriya Thapar ◽  
Maartje Willeboordse ◽  
Onno C P van Schayck ◽  
Anita C E Vreugdenhil
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Z Score

AbstractContextChildhood obesity increases the risk of diseases as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities in school-age children with obesity and to compare its prevalence and the effect of a lifestyle intervention between children in primary and secondary school and between boys and girls.DesignCross-sectional analysis and lifestyle intervention.SettingCentre for Overweight Adolescent and Children’s Healthcare.PatientsComorbidities were evaluated in 149 primary and 150 secondary school children with (morbid) obesity (162 girls). The effect of lifestyle intervention was studied in 82 primary and 75 secondary school children.InterventionOne-year interdisciplinary lifestyle intervention.ResultsInsulin resistance (37%), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (3%), dyslipidemia (48%), hypertension (7%), and elevated liver transaminase levels (54%) were already common in primary school children. Glomerular hyperfiltration and insulin resistance were more prevalent in secondary school children. IGT was more prevalent in girls. The change in body mass index z score after intervention was greater in primary school children (primary vs secondary: −0.25 ± 0.32 vs −0.11 ± 0.47), even as the change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations [primary vs secondary: −0.30 (interquartile range, −0.70 to 0.10) vs −0.10 (interquartile range, −0.40 to 0.30)] and systolic blood pressure z score (primary vs secondary: −0.32 ± 1.27 vs 0.24 ± 1.3). The change in body mass index z score, but not in comorbidities, was greater in boys (boys vs girls: −0.33 ± 0.45 vs −0.05 ± 0.31).ConclusionsThe presence of comorbidities is already evident in primary school children with obesity. The effect of a lifestyle intervention on these comorbidities is greater in primary compared with secondary school children, stressing the need for early interventions.

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