Yield, profitability, and prospects of irrigated Boro rice cultivation in the North-West region of Bangladesh

The North-West (NW) region of Bangladesh is pivotal for the country’s agricultural development, mainly in producing irrigated Boro rice. However, increasing cost of irrigation water, fertilizers, labour and other inputs, and the spatio-temporal variation in actual yield, market price and profitability of rice, have added uncertainty to the sustainability of Boro rice cultivation. In this study, we evaluated the productivity, profitability, and prospect of Boro rice production using comprehensive field data collected directly from 420 farmers’ fields over two consecutive seasons (2015–16 and 2016–17), across seven geographically distributed locations in the NW region. We also analyzed the risk and return trade of popular Boro rice cultivars using Monte-Carlo simulation. The results show that there were significant (p≤0.05) variations in rice yield between sites, irrigation pump-types, and rice varieties, with Hybrid rice and BRRI dhan29 producing highest yields (6.0–7.5 t/ha). Due to different pricing systems, the cost of irrigation water varied from site to site and from year to year, but always comprised the highest input cost (20–25% of total production). The total paid-out cost, gross benefit, and gross income of rice significantly (p≤0.05) differed between sites, type of irrigation pumps, rice varieties, transplanting dates, and two cropping years. The variations in observed yield and profitability reveal considerable scope to improve rice production systems. Market variation in the price of rice affected overall profitability significantly. Probability and risk analysis results show that Minikit and BRRI dhan29 are the most stable varieties for yield and profitability. Hybrid rice, which has the maximum attainable yield among the cultivated rice varieties, also has the risk of negative net income. Based on the analysis, we discussed ways to improve yield and profitability and the prospect of Boro rice cultivation in the region. The study provides valuable information for policy-makers to sustain irrigated rice cultivation in both the NW region and nationally.

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Water usage and productivity of Boro rice at the field level and their impacts on the sustainable groundwater irrigation in the North-West Bangladesh

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106294 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 240 ◽

pp. 106294 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammed Mainuddin ◽

Md. Maniruzzaman ◽

Md. Mahbubul Alam ◽

Mohammad A. Mojid ◽

Erik J. Schmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Usage ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Field Level ◽

Groundwater Irrigation ◽

Boro Rice

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Efficiency Analysis of Inorganic Rice Production in Rakit Kulim Subdistrict Indragiri Hulu Regency

Journal of Agribusiness and Community Empowerment ◽

10.32530/jace.v2i2.72 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 58-67

Author(s):

Fris Safal ◽

Syaiful Hadi ◽

Jumatri Yusri

Keyword(s):

Production Efficiency ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Rice Production ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Production Costs ◽

Total Production ◽

Rice Farming ◽

Net Income ◽

Average Value ◽

Almost All

Rice is an important commodity because it is a staple food source for almost all Indonesian people. One way to increase rice production is by using available resources more efficiently. The use of production factors such as land, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and labor will affect the total production of rice produced. This study aims to determine the technicality of inorganic rice cultivation, calculate production costs and analyze the efficiency of inorganic rice farming production in the District of Rakit Kulim. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis, farming cost analysis and DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) analysis. The number of samples is 40 inorganic rice farmers. The results showed that the inorganic rice cultivation technique in the District of Rakit Kulim was not in accordance with the recommendations. Incompatibility is caused by the unavailability of technical books for inorganic rice cultivation from the localita specific crop study center. The total cost of producing inorganic rice farming in the District of Rakit Kulim is Rp. 23,622,481, - / Ha. While the average income is Rp. 24,230,168, - / Ha with a net income of 607,687, - / Ha with an RCR value of 1.07. The results of the analysis of production efficiency using DEA show that the proportion of technically efficient farmers is 50% with an average value of 0.946. The proportion of efficient farmers is allocatively relatively small at 32.5% with an average value of 0.975. Economic efficiency is relatively small at 32.5% with an average value of 0.927.

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Coupled Irrigation–Drainage Management Practice for HYV Rice Cultivation with Saline-Irrigation Water: Evidence from Lysimeter Experiment

Agricultural Science ◽

10.30560/as.v2n1p95 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. p95

Author(s):

Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman ◽

Tanvir Ahmed ◽

Mohammad Abdul Mojid

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Management Practice ◽

Rice Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Saline Irrigation ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Irrigation Drainage ◽

Main Factor

Irrigation with saline water adversely affects rice production and degrades land productivity in the coastal zones of many countries in the world. This study aimed at developing a suitable irrigation management practice to reduce the harmful effects of salinity on rice production under saline water irrigation. An experiment in raise-bed lysimeters was set in a split-split-plot design with irrigation–drainage practice as the main factor, irrigation water salinity as the sub-factor and rice variety as sub-sub factor; main factor and sub-factor comprised four treatments and the sub-sub factor comprised three treatments, each with three replications. The treatments of the main factor were – T1: 2-5 cm continuous ponding, T2: continuous saturation, T3: changing irrigation water after 3 days of application by maintaining 2-5 cm ponding depth, and T4: changing irrigation water after 5 days of application by maintaining 2-5 cm ponding depth. The sub-factor comprised – SL1: fresh water as control, SL2: saline water of 6 dS m-1, SL3: saline water of 9 dS m-1, and SL4: saline water of 12 dS m-1. The sub-sub factor comprised three salt-tolerant rice varieties V1: Binadhan-8, V2: Binadhan-10, and V3: BRRI dhan-47. The irrigation–drainage practices T2 and T3 provided significantly (p£0.05) improved growth and yield attributes of the rice varieties under salinity water level SL3 and SL4 compared to T1 and T4 treatments. The treatment T3 maintained least exposure of the crop to high degree of salinity and produced satisfactory plant attributes by inhibiting the detrimental effects of salinity. Therefore, T3 is suggested for adoption in practical fields when provision for removing high saline water from the rice fields can be arranged.

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Rental Service Market of Farm Machinery in Rice Cultivation: A Farm Level Investigation

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v21i1.37376 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 35-45

Author(s):

AKMS Islam ◽

MJ Kabir

Keyword(s):

Production Cost ◽

Service Providers ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rice Production ◽

Labour Cost ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Service Market ◽

Fixed Amount ◽

Farm Level ◽

North West

This study was undertaken to investigate the rental charge and labour cost of five major operations in rice production in the north-west region of Bangladesh. Farmers’ group discussions (FGDs) with 10-15 key informants farmers were conducted for collecting farm level data from 15 villages of both Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions. Rental charge and labour cost of rice cultivation were converted to paddy equivalent cost (PEC) for tillage, transplanting, weeding, harvesting, carrying and threshing. Farmers mostly relied on the service providers of either power tiller or tractor for tillage. They also relied on the service providers of close drum power thresher for threshing rice and other crops. However, farmers still manually carried out transplanting, weeding, harvesting and carrying of rice. Both the contractual and daily basis hired labour and family labour performed those activities. The wages of labour of harvesting and carrying was paid in cash or kind (e.g., share of harvested grain or fixed amount of grain per unit of harvest area). The average paddy equivalent cost for the five major operations was ranged between 37-47% of total paddy production cost in the study locations. The mechanized transplanting and harvesting may reduce rice production cost largely as well as would resolve the labour scarcity problems. Therefore, transplanter and harvester have the great prospect of widespread adoption. However, prospect of mechanical weeding is limited because of the availability of low cost intensive chemical control methods. Thus, providing the larger financial assistance on purchasing both the transplanter and harvester facilitates the end users to enhance the productivity and reduce the cost of rice farming.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(1): 35-45

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Irrigation Water Value at Small-scale Schemes: Evidence from the North West Province, South Africa

International Journal of Water Resources Development ◽

10.1080/07900620802224536 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 621-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S. Speelman ◽

S. Farolfi ◽

S. Perret ◽

L. D'haese ◽

M. D'haese

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Small Scale ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Water Value ◽

North West Province

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Reduction in Fertilizer Input´s Has No Significant Affect on Yield or Performance of Early- and Late-season Indica Hybrid Rice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40038/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huang Zhiyuan ◽

ZhiYuan Huang ◽

QiMing Lv ◽

Md. Amir Hossain ◽

ZhaoHui Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Rice ◽

Relative Yield ◽

Growth Period ◽

Rice Production ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Substantial Contribution ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Early Season ◽

Late Season ◽

Panicle Number

Abstract Increasing rice production by using genetically improved rice cultivars and fertilizer application has been the main objective of rice farming. The double rice-cropping system has been an important rice production system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China since the 1950s. It is of great significance to determine whether hybrid vigor can make a substantial contribution to early- and late-season rice production, and how the heterosis expression of hybrid rice functions under different level of fertilization application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the grain yield and associated plant traits of popular hybrid and inbred rice varieties with large-scale promotion under conditions of customary (high) and combined (low) fertilization in the early and late seasons of 2017-18 in Changsha County, Hunan Province, central Southern China. We found that hybrid rice varieties displayed their respective advantages in the early- and late-rice seasons, but the advantages in their relative yield traits varied. The main advantages of early-season rice were effective panicle number per hill (EPN), 1000-grain weight (KGW), harvest index (HI), yield, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Whereas in late-season rice, the major advantages were grain number per panicle (GNP), HI, yield, and NUE. The EPN was the main advantage of early-season hybrid rice with a short-growth period, and the GNP was the main advantage of late-season hybrid rice with a long-growth period. The main yield advantage of hybrid rice was stronger under combined (low) fertilization than under customary (high) fertilization. Hence, high yield can be achieved by selecting good hybrid rice varieties and by using combined fertilization (lower fertilizer use with higher efficiency). This work is contributive for rice growers, extension specialists, and fertilizer producers, as it provides data that can be used to maximize yields with reduced fertilizer and pesticide inputs.

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Rice Cultivation - A Way of Life for the People of North Eastern Hill Region of India

10.5772/intechopen.99108 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Noren Singh Konjengbam ◽

Mayurakshee Mahanta ◽

Andrean Allwin Lyngdoh

Keyword(s):

Rice Variety ◽

National Average ◽

Rice Production ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Way Of Life ◽

The North ◽

Hill Region ◽

The People ◽

Rice Area ◽

North Eastern

Being an amazing picturesque of land, the North Eastern Hill Region of India, consisting of more than 200 ethnic groups, has only about 2.27% of the total rice area and shares only 1.96% of the total rice production in the country. Whether profitable or not, the rice cultivation is a way of life for the people of North Eastern Hill Region of India. Till today, the production and productivity of rice in this region is below the national average because of its fragile ecosystem and the varied physio-graphic conditions pertaining to this region. Neither the wider recommendation of agricultural technology such as variety nor the use of a single technology or variety can solve this problem of low yield. However, the development of location specific high yielding rice variety using the existing land races prevalent in the area can be one of the promising technique for improving the production and productivity of rice cultivation in this region.

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Transplanting date adjustment in Boro rice cultivation as a strategy to reduce groundwater withdrawal in Bangladesh

Malaysian Journal of Halal Research Journal ◽

10.2478/mjhr-2019-0006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Md. Hossain Ali

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Period ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Groundwater Withdrawal ◽

General Tendency ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Irrigation Water Requirement ◽

Boro Rice

AbstractDue to intensive irrigated rice cultivation during dry season, declining trend of groundwater level is observed in many parts of Bangladesh. Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at four experimental stations of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Bangladesh to evaluate the performance of some Boro rice cultivars in different planting dates with respect to yield and irrigation water requirement, and to optimize between yield and irrigation water requirement, with a view to reduce groundwater withdrawal and hence reducing mining of groundwater. The transplanting dates were 21th January (T1), 15th February (T2), 7th March and 30th March. Four rice cultivars were used. The results showed that the rice growth period was shortened with the later dates of transplanting. Generally, the yield of all cultivars at first and second transplanting (i.e. in T1 & T2) are good, and decrease at the later transplanting dates (T3, T4) and hence could not be recommended among farmers. When we consider the irrigation savings in T2 compare to T1, the irrigation savings varies with location and year, but the general tendency is that the second transplanting can save irrigation water. By considering economic (intrusion of additional rabi crop between two rice crops) and ecological factor (irrigation reduction, and hence reducing groundwater withdrawal), we recommend that the most suitable transplanting time for Boro rice should be 15th February. As such, we can effectively achieve good yield, reduce irrigation requirement, and creating opportunity for possible intrusion of addition Rabi crop between two rice crops. Overall, the findings of the present study can provide effective transplanting time and cultivar to reduce groundwater withdrawal in the present agro-ecosystem of northwestern Bangladesh and other similar areas.

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Transplanting date adjustment in Boro rice cultivation as a strategy to reduce groundwater withdrawal in Bangladesh

Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research ◽

10.7770/safer-v0n0-art1904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Md. Hossain Ali

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Groundwater Withdrawal ◽

General Tendency ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Irrigation Water Requirement ◽

Irrigation Requirement ◽

Boro Rice

Due to intensive irrigated rice cultivation during dry season, declining trend of groundwater level is observed in many parts of Bangladesh. Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at four experimental stations of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Bangladesh to evaluate the performance of some Boro rice cultivars in different planting dates with respect to yield and irrigation water requirement, and to optimize between yield and irrigation water requirement, with a view to reduce groundwater withdrawal and hence reducing mining of groundwater. The transplanting dates were 21th January (T1), 15th February (T2), 7th March and 30th March. Four rice cultivars were used. The results showed that the rice growth period was shortened with the later dates of transplanting. Generally, the yield of all cultivars at first and second transplanting (i.e. in T1 & T2) are good, and decrease at the later transplanting dates (T3, T4) and hence could not be recommended among farmers. When we consider the irrigation savings in T2 compare to T1, the irrigation savings varies with location and year, but the general tendency is that the second transplanting can save irrigation water. By considering economic (intrusion of additional rabi crop between two rice crops) and ecological factor (irrigation reduction, and hence reducing groundwater withdrawal), we recommend that the most suitable transplanting time for Boro rice should be 15th February. As such, we can effectively achieve good yield, reduce irrigation requirement, and creating opportunity for possible intrusion of addition Rabi crop between two rice crops. Overall, the findings of the present study can provide effective transplanting time and cultivar to reduce groundwater withdrawal in the present agro-ecosystem of northwestern Bangladesh and other similar areas.Keywords: Boro rice, irrigation requirement, transplanting date, groundwater withdrawal, ecosystem

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The role of effluent water irrigation in the mineral absorption of aerobic rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.)

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1007/s42976-020-00117-x ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marks Ibadzade ◽

Ágnes Kun ◽

Árpád Székely ◽

Tímea Szalóki ◽

Károly Penksza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

River Water ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Production ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Aerobic Rice ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Lysimeter Experiment ◽

The Impact

AbstractQuality and quantity of different irrigation water types from conventional and alternative sources have a significant role on the productive parameters and chemical composition of crop plants. Appropriate alternative water sources and the reutilization of agricultural effluents can reduce the impact of rice production and animal husbandry on the natural water bodies. In the present study, influence of four different types of irrigation water was analyzed on the nutrient uptake (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a complex lysimeter experiment in two consecutive years. Early maturing Hungarian rice varieties (M 488 and Janka) were irrigated with traditional river water (RW) and different alternative irrigation sources to evaluate the feasibility of a sodium containing intensive fish farm effluent with (EWG) or without (EW) gypsum supplementation and with the addition of natural river water (EWGR). Significant effects on the mineral content of the aboveground biomass were measured. P uptake by M 488 and Janka decreased after the irrigation with EW in 2017. In case of EW, EWG and EWGR, the Na content increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in both varieties; however, pre-treatment of salt containing effluent waters can moderate the stress level. As a consequence, the ability of both rice varieties to absorb Na suggests that rice production could be conditionally part of bioremediation of salt-affected soils and water bodies.

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