scholarly journals Rental Service Market of Farm Machinery in Rice Cultivation: A Farm Level Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
AKMS Islam ◽  
MJ Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Labour Cost ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Service Market ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
North West

This study was undertaken to investigate the rental charge and labour cost of five major operations in rice production in the north-west region of Bangladesh. Farmers’ group discussions (FGDs) with 10-15 key informants farmers were conducted for collecting farm level data from 15 villages of both Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions. Rental charge and labour cost of rice cultivation were converted to paddy equivalent cost (PEC) for tillage, transplanting, weeding, harvesting, carrying and threshing. Farmers mostly relied on the service providers of either power tiller or tractor for tillage. They also relied on the service providers of close drum power thresher for threshing rice and other crops. However, farmers still manually carried out transplanting, weeding, harvesting and carrying of rice. Both the contractual and daily basis hired labour and family labour performed those activities. The wages of labour of harvesting and carrying was paid in cash or kind (e.g., share of harvested grain or fixed amount of grain per unit of harvest area). The average paddy equivalent cost for the five major operations was ranged between 37-47% of total paddy production cost in the study locations. The mechanized transplanting and harvesting may reduce rice production cost largely as well as would resolve the labour scarcity problems. Therefore, transplanter and harvester have the great prospect of widespread adoption. However, prospect of mechanical weeding is limited because of the availability of low cost intensive chemical control methods. Thus, providing the larger financial assistance on purchasing both the transplanter and harvester facilitates the end users to enhance the productivity and reduce the cost of rice farming.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(1): 35-45

scholarly journals Yield, profitability, and prospects of irrigated Boro rice cultivation in the North-West region of Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250897
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mainuddin ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Alam ◽  
Md. Maniruzzaman ◽  
Md. Jahangir Kabir ◽  
Mohammad A. Mojid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Boro Rice

The North-West (NW) region of Bangladesh is pivotal for the country’s agricultural development, mainly in producing irrigated Boro rice. However, increasing cost of irrigation water, fertilizers, labour and other inputs, and the spatio-temporal variation in actual yield, market price and profitability of rice, have added uncertainty to the sustainability of Boro rice cultivation. In this study, we evaluated the productivity, profitability, and prospect of Boro rice production using comprehensive field data collected directly from 420 farmers’ fields over two consecutive seasons (2015–16 and 2016–17), across seven geographically distributed locations in the NW region. We also analyzed the risk and return trade of popular Boro rice cultivars using Monte-Carlo simulation. The results show that there were significant (p≤0.05) variations in rice yield between sites, irrigation pump-types, and rice varieties, with Hybrid rice and BRRI dhan29 producing highest yields (6.0–7.5 t/ha). Due to different pricing systems, the cost of irrigation water varied from site to site and from year to year, but always comprised the highest input cost (20–25% of total production). The total paid-out cost, gross benefit, and gross income of rice significantly (p≤0.05) differed between sites, type of irrigation pumps, rice varieties, transplanting dates, and two cropping years. The variations in observed yield and profitability reveal considerable scope to improve rice production systems. Market variation in the price of rice affected overall profitability significantly. Probability and risk analysis results show that Minikit and BRRI dhan29 are the most stable varieties for yield and profitability. Hybrid rice, which has the maximum attainable yield among the cultivated rice varieties, also has the risk of negative net income. Based on the analysis, we discussed ways to improve yield and profitability and the prospect of Boro rice cultivation in the region. The study provides valuable information for policy-makers to sustain irrigated rice cultivation in both the NW region and nationally.

Agro-Innovation – Path to Agricultural Entrepreneurship: Feasibility Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Elias Kamaruzzaman ◽  
Norzaidi Mohd Daud ◽  
Samsudin Wahab ◽  
Rozhan Abu Dardak
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Technology Changes ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agricultural Entrepreneurship

Technology changes will always be for the better, not only to the end users but also to the intellectual property owners of the technology and the implementers of the technology. The objective of this paper is to study the feasibility and viability for entrepreneurs to become service providers for the dispensation of fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and supporting services such as aerial crop reconnaissance using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drones. The methodology used for this study is SWOT Analysis. Both primary and secondary data is used for this analysis. This study finds that paddy farming employing drones is feasible. The beneficiaries of this study shall be the government, by way of lowering financial cost to subsidise the paddy planting, the farmers who no longer need the services of migrant workers, thus saving production cost, and finally the drone service providers and their downstream business associates who can engaged themselves in very lucrative businesses.

scholarly journals Design and Development of a Low Cost Personal Computer Based ECG Monitor

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Siddique-e Rabbani ◽  
A Raihan Abir ◽  
AKM Bodiuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cost

ECG equipment is vital for diagnosis of cardiac problems. However, such equipment come from the rich Western countries at a huge cost in both procurement and maintenance, and therefore cannot offer services to a large population in the Third World countries. The only solution is to design and develop such equipment in individual countries by developing local expertise. With three decades of experience, the Dhaka University group has taken a step towards developing prototypes of ECG equipment for dissemination to the healthcare service providers. This paper presents the detailed design of an PC based ECG equipment where optimized choice of components and of the design have been made keeping the cost and maintenance in view, but not sacrificing the quality, and incorporating necessary safety features to protect the patient from known hazards. Both the hardware and the software have been developed locally and are detailed in this paper. Outputs obtained from human subjects are shown which are of reasonable good quality, and have been verified using standard ECG equipment. The PC based ECG system will allow digital post processing of signals for improved diagnosis through software. Besides, this can also become part of a nationwide telemedicine system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14701 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.4 No.1 2011 115-125

scholarly journals The Challenge of Accommodation in Higher Education: A Survey of Adaptive Technology Use in Ontario Universities

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Abreu-Ellis ◽  
Jason Brent Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Adaptive Technology ◽  
Disability Service Providers ◽  
Group Settings ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Adaptive Technologies

This paper provides an overview of adaptive technologies currently being used in Ontario Universities. Results of this study may help disability service providers in Ontario in understanding the current challenges of training students with disabilities in using adaptive technologies as well as improving service delivery methods. Participants were recruited through a listserv and asked to answer an online survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and anecdotal narratives. Results indicated that students with learning disabilities are not familiar with adaptive technologies that would best suit their academic needs and that training in adaptive technology occurred on an individual basis or in small group settings as opposed to large groups. Participants indicated that they use low-cost equivalents and adaptive technologies housed in open laboratories in order to serve students with financial needs. Challenges faced by Assistive technologists included: consistency in assistive technology use by the students they serve, effective training while semester coursework is in progress, and fitting individuals with very unique needs to the available technology. A series of best practices and accomplishments were identified by the participants.

scholarly journals An analysis of Approaches for Desktop Virtualization and Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 600-612
Author(s):  
Rupesh Kumar ◽  
Arun Kumar Yadav ◽  
H N Verma
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
End Users ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Personal Computers ◽  
Small Organizations ◽  
Desktop Virtualization ◽  
Virtual Desktop

In the Information Technology world, cloud computing technology offering unlimited amount of IT resources and services to end users over the internet on pay-per-use basis. End users are accessing the cloud services on their mobile or personal computers. Service providers are upgrading their services very frequently to enhance the services, and to use their upgraded services, end users are also required to update the specification of their devices. But it will be very costly for the end users to upgrade their devices for high specification to use the enhanced services. Desktop Virtualization is an extensive technology of cloud services. It is the new concept, in which users can access the virtual desktop of required specifications, software and operating system on their old devices anytime and anywhere. With the help of desktop virtualization, users will be benefited by avoiding the cost of frequent upgradation of mobile or personal computer system. Desktop virtualization technology is proving to be a boon for large and small organizations who have to upgrade their computer system with new technology, which is a very costly and challenging process. Desktop virtualization avoids upgrading the hardware of the client machine repeatedly. It allows us to access all applications and data at a low cost on our old machine. This paper presents the comparative analysis of various approaches for desktop virtualization and various challenges which required the solution. Analysis presented in paper has been done based on various performance parameters which will provide the end users low-cost cloud services and best performance on their mobile or personal computers.

The Death of the Legal Profession and the Future of Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Legal Service ◽  
Law Firm ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Shifts

This article identifies the five large-scale changes that have happened or are happening to the legal profession: 1. How technology solutions have moved law from a wholly bespoke service to one that resembles an off-the-shelf commodity; 2. How globalisation and outsourcing upend traditional expectations that legal work is performed where the legal need is, and shifts production away from high cost centres to low cost centres; 3. How managed legal service providers – who are low cost, technology-enabled, and process-driven – threaten traditional commercial practice; 4. How technology platforms will diminish the significance of the law firm; and 5. How artificial intelligence and machine learning systems will take over a significant portion of lawyers’ work by the end of the 2020s. The article discusses how these changes have transformed or are transforming the practice of law, and explains how institutions within the law will need to respond if they are to remain relevant (or even to survive). More broadly, it examines the social implications of a legal environment where a large percentage of the practice of law is performed by institutions that sit outside the legal profession.

Day-to-day variations in paddy-residue burning and residential heating emissions control aerosol pollution peaks in rural north-west India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshita Pawar ◽  
Baerbel Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
North West ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Residential Heating

<p>November onwards, the poor air quality over north-west India is blamed on the large-scale paddy residue burning in Punjab and Haryana. However, the emission strength of this source remains poorly constrained due to the lack of ground-based measurements within the rural source regions. In this study, we report the particulate matter (PM) levels at Nadampur, a rural site in the Sangrur district of Punjab that witnesses rampant paddy residue burning, using the Airveda low-cost PM sensors from October to December 2019. The raw PM measurements from the sensor were corrected using the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. The daily average PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass concentration at Nadampur correlated well  (r > 0.7) with the daily sum of VIIRS fire counts. Agricultural activities, including paddy residue burning and harvesting operations, contributed less than 40% to the overall PM loading, even in the peak burning period at Nadampur. We show that the increased residential heating emissions in the winter season have a profound and currently neglected impact on ambient air quality. A dip in the daily average temperature by 1 ºC increased the daily emission of PM<sub>10</sub> by 6.3 tonnes and that of PM<sub>2.5</sub> by 5.8 tonnes. Overall, paddy harvest, local and regional paddy residue burning, residential heating emissions, ventilation, and wet scavenging could explain 79% of the variations in PM<sub>10</sub> and 85% of the variations in PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Day to day variations in PM emissions from residential heating in response to the ambient temperature must be incorporated into emission inventories and models for accurate air quality forecasts.</p>

Managerial Practices in a High Cost Manufacturing Environment

2018 ◽  
pp. 1749-1768
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
Christopher Bajada ◽  
Paul J. Brown ◽  
Roy Green
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Labour Cost ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Management Capability

This chapter explores the management strategies adopted by manufacturing firms operating in high versus low cost economies and investigates the reasons for differences in the management practice choices. The study reported in this chapter identifies a subset of countries that have either high or low labour costs, with USA, Sweden, and Japan being high, and India, China, and Brazil being low labour cost economies. The high labour cost manufacturing firms are found to have better management practices. In this chapter, the authors find that Australia and New Zealand manufacturing firms face relatively high labour cost but lag behind world best practice in management performance. The chapter concludes by highlighting the need for improvement in management capability for Australian and New Zealand manufacturing firms if they are to experience a reinvigoration of productivity, competitiveness, and long-term growth.

Measuring Organizational Learning as a Multidimensional Construct

2010 ◽  
pp. 1101-1109
Author(s):  
Juan C. Real ◽  
Antonio Leal ◽  
Jose L. Roldan
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Labour Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Experience Curves

The traditional way of measuring learning as a result has been through the so-called learning and experience curves. The learning curves, developed within the production framework (Levitt & March, 1988), relate the manufacturing cost of a product to the accumulated experience in its production. This establishes that its cost decreases as the number of units made increases. At first, although this relationship was limited to the direct labour cost, it later extends to the total production cost.

A Cloud Computing-Based Model of E-Commerce Adoption for Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 300-318
Author(s):  
Ghada Refaat El Said
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
Telecommunications Infrastructure ◽  
Proposed Model

While e-commerce can contribute significantly to the economies of developing countries, challenges may include a lack of telecommunications infrastructure, low Internet and credit card penetration, lack of skilled professionals and insufficient delivery systems. Cloud computing offers a solution to most of these challenges, providing access to a low-cost, reliable and flexible internet-based infrastructure. However, there is little empirical validation of the adoption of cloud computing in e-commerce; to bridge that gap, the present study proposes a cloud-based model of e-commerce adoption. Based on a survey of leaders of 175 small, medium, and large ICT firms in Egypt, a developing country where e-commerce is expected to boom in the coming years, the proposed model empirically validates organizational, technical and contextual factors that would make e-commerce adoption more effective for business, governments and service providers.

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