Quality of life in people living with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: A scoping review study

Quality of life (QoL) is recognized as an essential end point in the disease management of chronic conditions such as HIV with calls to include good QoL as a ‘fourth 90’ in the 90-90-90 testing and treatment targets introduced by World Health Organization in 2016. Cognitive impairments impact a broad spectrum of experiences and are a common issue effecting people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite this, few studies have examined QoL in PLWH who also have a cognitive disorder. This study aimed to synthesize and describe what is known about QoL in those living with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted to identify how QoL has been investigated and measured in PLWH with HAND, and how PLWH with HAND report and describe their QoL. We searched PsychInfo, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science along with hand-searching reference lists from relevant studies found. Included studies were those published in English after 1st January 2003 which included PLWH with cognitive impairment not due to other pre-existing conditions. Fifteen articles met criteria for inclusion. Two studies measured QoL as a primary aim, with others including QoL assessment as part of a broader battery of outcomes. The MOS-HIV and SF-36 were the most commonly used measures of overall QoL, with findings generally suggestive of poorer overall QoL in PLWH with HAND, compared to PLWH without cognitive impairment. Studies which examined dimensions of QoL focused exclusively on functionality, level of independence, and psychological QoL domains. There is a considerable dearth of research examining QoL in PLWH with HAND. The initiatives which advocate for healthy aging and improved QoL in PLWH must be extended to include and understand the experiences those also living with cognitive impairment. Research is needed to understand the broad experiential impacts of living with these two complex, chronic conditions, to ensure interventions are meaningful to patients and potential benefits are not missed.

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Quality of life, clinical characteristics and treatment adherence of people living with HIV/AIDS

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0104-1169.3534.2508 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 994-1000 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ana Cristina de Oliveira e Silva ◽

Renata Karina Reis ◽

Jordana Almeida Nogueira ◽

Elucir Gir

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Treatment Adherence ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

World Health ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quality Of Life Scale ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

OBJECTIVES: to assess the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS and verify its association with clinical characteristics and treatment adherence.METHOD: cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. The quality of life scale proposed by the World Health Organization and a questionnaire to measure treatment adherence were used.RESULTS: of the 314 interviewees, 190 (60.5%) were male, aged 43 years on average, 121 (38.5%) had attended up to five years of schooling, 108 (34.4%) received up to two times the minimum wage, and 112 (35.7%) were on sick leave. In regard to clinical variables, individuals with an undetectable viral load scored higher in all the domains concerning quality of life, with statistically significant differences in three domains. Regarding treatment adherence, 235 (73.8%) presented poor adherence and those who strictly adhered to treatment obtained better scores in quality of life. The results show that quality of life is better among individuals adherent to ART. Supporting people to adhere to the antiretroviral treatment should be a persistent task of healthcare workers and other people participating in the treatment, such as family members and friends.

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Influence of Employment on Quality of Life Outcomes Among People with HIV/AIDS in Rural Appalachia

Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling ◽

10.1891/0047-2220.49.3.20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 20-29

Author(s):

George Mamboleo ◽

George T. Mugoya ◽

Jonathan Nauser ◽

Adrionia Molder ◽

Fais Connor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Employment Status ◽

Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽

World Health ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Quality Of Life Scale ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

The development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has shifted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) from an acute to a chronic condition. Due to reduced fatality, approximately 1.1 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are faced with increased longevity in conjunction with functional consequences associated with chronic disability. Employment has been associated with increased treatment adherence, quality of life (QoL), and mental and physical health for people living with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between employment status and QoL for PLWHA. Participants included 115 patients receiving services from two Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) clinics in a rural Mid Atlantic Appalachian region of the U.S. Findings revealed statistically significant differences in employment status on six domains of the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life scale for PLWHA (WHOQOL-HIV-Bref), except for spirituality/religion/personal beliefs. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

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Mental health and well-being of older adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. e052810

Author(s):

Patrick Nzivo Mwangala ◽

Adam Mabrouk ◽

Ryan Wagner ◽

Charles R J C Newton ◽

Amina A Abubakar

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Well Being ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Current Evidence ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Living With Hiv

ObjectiveIn this systematic review, we aimed to summarise the empirical evidence on common mental disorders (CMDs), cognitive impairment, frailty and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people living with HIV aged ≥50 years (PLWH50 +) residing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Specifically, we document the prevalence and correlates of these outcomes.Design, data sources and eligibility criteriaThe following online databases were systematically searched: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase and Scopus up to January 2021. English-language publications on depression, anxiety, cognitive function, frailty and quality of life among PLWH50+ residing in SSA were included.Data extraction and synthesisWe extracted information, including study characteristics and main findings. These were tabulated, and a narrative synthesis approach was adopted, given the substantial heterogeneity among included studies.ResultsA total of 50 studies from fifteen SSA countries met the inclusion criteria. About two-thirds of these studies emanated from Ethiopia, Uganda and South Africa. Studies regarding depression predominated (n=26), followed by cognitive impairment (n=13). Overall, PLWH50+ exhibited varying prevalence of depression (6%–59%), cognitive impairments (4%–61%) and frailty (3%–15%). The correlates of CMDs, cognitive impairment, frailty and HRQoL were rarely investigated, but those reported were sociodemographic variables, many of which were inconsistent.ConclusionsThis review documented an increasing number of published studies on HIV and ageing from SSA. However, the current evidence on the mental and well-being outcomes in PLWH50+ is inadequate to characterise the public health dimension of these impairments in SSA, because of heterogeneous findings, few well-designed studies and substantial methodological limitations in many of the available studies. Future work should have sufficiently large samples of PLWH50+, engage appropriate comparison groups, harmonise the measurement of these outcomes using a standardised methodology to generate more robust prevalence estimates and confirm predictors.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020145791.

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Quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in tertiary care centre of Himachal Pradesh

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 5144

Author(s):

Sunita . ◽

D. S. Dhadwal ◽

Anmol Gupta ◽

Anjali Mahajan ◽

Deepesh Barall

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

World Health ◽

Value Systems ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: The world health organization (WHO) has defined quality of life as an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. The objective of study was to assess the quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS by comparison of mean scores of their quality of life in physical, psychological, social and environmental domain.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHA on ART during 2016-17. Data were collected using WHOQOLHIV‑BREF scale and mean±SD of score was calculated. The difference in mean scores of various domains were analysed using ANOVA test. All variables with p<0.2 on univariate analysis were included in multivariate linear regression model.Results: The total score of QOL was 61.71±9.43. The scores of QOL was highest in physical and lowest in environmental domains with 69.55±12.27 and 57.14±10.61 respectively. 71.25% patients rated their QOL good and only 10% were dissatisfied with their health. Currently ill status was the most associated factor under all except social domain. Males with higher education or living with their spouse had significantly better QOL scores.Conclusions: Being a male, educated, employed in the government sector, belonging to general caste category and living with their married spouse were the factors for their better QOL in comparison to their counterparts. Along with ART, other factors should be taken into consideration to improve QOL of PLWHA.

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Self-management: A comprehensive approach to improve quality of life among people living with HIV in Indonesia

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.1554 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Achmad Fauzi ◽

Nofa Anggraini ◽

Novy Fatkhurohman

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Management Program ◽

The Self ◽

World Health ◽

Self Management ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Post Test ◽

Living With Hiv

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) today have to deal with a chronic condition that requires efficient self-management due to increased longevity. Self-management interventions have been shown to improve physical and psychological symptoms as well as clinical results in chronic diseases. However, few studies have investigated the effect of self-management on quality of life (QOL) among PLWH in Indonesia. Objective: To examine the effect of a self-management program on QOL among PLWH in Indonesia. Methods: This was a quasi-experiment design with a pre-post-test study with a comparison group in a general hospital in Jakarta. Of the 114 recruited PLWH, 57 were assigned to the intervention group and 57 to the comparison group. The self-management group attended a four-week program workshop. The intervention consisted of five sessions: need assessment and goal setting, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, educational participation to increase communication and self-esteem, and evaluation. The comparison group received standard educational material throughout the leaflet regarding HIV prevention. The post-test assessment was conducted immediately after intervention (T1) and two months (T2) after the intervention in both groups. QoL was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-HIV brief Bahasa version. The estimations were obtained using fixed-effect regressions. The differences between T0, T1, and T2 for the intervention and comparison groups were evaluated and compared using the DI Differences method (DID). Results: The self-management program improved outcomes relative to the control at T1 across four outcomes: 1) overall QOL score increased 8.7% (95% CI 0.021–0.149), 2) physical domain saw a modest increased 8.8% (95% CI 0.017–0.125), 3) psychological domain increased 23.5 % (95% CI 0.085–0.689), environmental domain saw a modest increase of 18.7% (95% CI 0.053–0.371). At T2, the total QOL score and the physical, psychological, and environmental dimensions significantly improved compared to the comparison group. Conclusion: The self-management program appears to improve the QOL of the life of PLWH. Nurses are advised to provide PLWH with self-management training. Future research on self-management intervention would need to be refined further to ensure that each community achieves consistent intervention outcomes. Funding: This study was funded by STIKes Abdi Nusantara, Indonesia.

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Study on Defense Mechanisms to Cope With Stress Due to Stigma Among People Living With HIV/AIDS Reported in Eastern India: A Single Center Experience

Indian Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.1177/1179916117742919 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 117991611774291 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ayan Mukherjee ◽

Sandeep Lahiry ◽

Anindya Mukherjee ◽

Shouvik Choudhury ◽

Rajasree Sinha

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

World Health ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

World Health Organization Quality ◽

Quality Of Life Scale ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Aim: To explore the stigmatizing pattern in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and assess coping strategies adopted for quality of life (QOL) appraisal. Methods: In the background of a descriptive, cross-sectional research design, PLWHA attending HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) outpatient clinic at Medical College, Kolkata (n = 120) were enrolled through “snowball sampling.” A brief semistructured interview schedule was used to elicit data on socio-demographics. Stigma was assessed using a 4-point scale (40-item). Quality of life was assessed using WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality-of-Life) scale (26-item). Results: About 96.7% reported being stressed. Stigma was mostly confronted in socio-familial context. Fear of being stigmatized was much higher compared with those who actually faced stigma (69.2% vs 27.5%; P < .01). Quality of life negatively correlated with internalizing of stigma in the psychological domain ( P < .01). Proportion experiencing actual stigma (women vs men: 79% vs 74%) experienced an above moderate QOL. Multiple defense mechanisms were identified. “Altruism,” “Anticipation,” and “Humor” were the most preferred defense strategies. However, such coping strategies appeared to be self-taught and only modestly helpful in managing perceived stigma. Conclusions: People living with HIV/AIDS should avoid internalizing stigmatized feeling and engage in social activities to work toward a better QOL.

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Association of Syndemic Conditions and Quality of Life among People Living with HIV/AIDS

10.21203/rs.3.rs-261395/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Oliveira Gomes ◽

Rodolfo Castro ◽

Jurema Corrêa Mota ◽

Raquel B. De Boni

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background The syndemics theory seeks to understand the effect of multiple synergic problems in promoting poor health outcomes. To disentangle which and how syndemic conditions affect quality of life (QoL) may be important to improve well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study evaluates the association between syndemic conditions and quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS This was a secondary analysis from data obtained between 2014 and 2017 among PLWHA under care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The outcomes were the six QoL domains (physical, psychological, level of independence, social relationships, environmental, and spirituality) measured through the World Health Organization Quality of Life in HIV infection scale, abbreviated version (WHOQOL-HIV-BREF). The independent variables were demographic and clinical characteristics, syndemic conditions (binge drinking, compulsive sexual behavior, polysubstance use, intimate partner violence, and depression), and syndemics (two or more syndemic conditions simultaneously). Bivariate analysis (t-test and ANOVA) and linear regressions were performed for each quality-of-life domain. RESULTS The analytical sample comprised 1530 participants, mostly male at birth (64%) and with median age of 43 years. The syndemic conditions most frequently observed were binge drinking (56%), IPV (13%), and depression (9%). Both individual syndemic conditions and syndemics were associated with worse QoL. In the multivariate analysis, positive screening for depression was associated with worse QoL in all domains. Polysubstance users presented worse QoL at social and environmental domains. Intimate partner violence was associated with worse QoL at environment domain while binge drinking was associated with worse scores in the physical domain. The presence of syndemics increased the likelihood of worse scores in the psychological, social, and environment domains. CONCLUSIONS Our study expands the understanding of QoL in PLWHA, as it considers a holistic/integral, multifactorial, and synergistic approach to the determinants of QoL. Seeking strategies that target syndemics may be important to improve patient-centered outcomes in health.

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