scholarly journals Early expressions of psychopathology and risk associated with trans-diagnostic transition to mood and psychotic disorders in adolescents and young adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252550
Author(s):  
Jan Scott ◽  
Jacob J. Crouse ◽  
Nicholas Ho ◽  
Frank Iorfino ◽  
Nicholas Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family History ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Chaid Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Symptoms

Objectives The heterogeneity and comorbidity of major mental disorders presenting in adolescents and young adults has fostered calls for trans-diagnostic research. This study examines early expressions of psychopathology and risk and trans-diagnostic caseness in a community cohort of twins and non-twin siblings. Methods Using data from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study, we estimated median number of self-rated psychiatric symptoms, prevalence of subthreshold syndromes, family history of mood and/or psychotic disorders, and likelihood of subsequent trans-diagnostic caseness (individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for mood and/or psychotic syndromes). Next, we used cross-validated Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) analyses to identify the nature and relative importance of individual self-rated symptoms that predicted trans-diagnostic caseness. We examined the positive and negative predictive values (PPV; NPV) and accuracy of all classifications (Area under the Curve and 95% confidence intervals: AUC; 95% CI). Results Of 1815 participants (Female 1050, 58%; mean age 26.40), more than one in four met caseness criteria for a mood and/or psychotic disorder. Examination of individual factors indicated that the AUC was highest for subthreshold syndromes, followed by family history then self-rated psychiatric symptoms, and that NPV always exceeded PPV for caseness. In contrast, the CHAID analysis (adjusted for age, sex, twin status) generated a classification tree comprising six trans-diagnostic symptoms. Whilst the contribution of two symptoms (need for sleep; physical activity) to the model was more difficult to interpret, CHAID analysis indicated that four self-rated symptoms (sadness; feeling overwhelmed; impaired concentration; paranoia) offered the best discrimination between cases and non-cases. These four symptoms showed different associations with family history status. Conclusions The findings need replication in independent cohorts. However, the use of CHAID might provide a means of identifying specific subsets of trans-diagnostic symptoms representing clinical phenotypes that predict transition to caseness in individuals at risk of onset of major mental disorders.

IMPACT OF SPECIFIC PHOBIA ON THE RISK OF ONSET OF MENTAL DISORDERS: A 10-YEAR PROSPECTIVE-LONGITUDINAL COMMUNITY STUDY OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselind Lieb ◽  
Marcel Miché ◽  
Andrew T. Gloster ◽  
Katja Beesdo-Baum ◽  
Andrea H. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Early detection and integrated care for adolescents and young adults with psychotic disorders: the ACCESS III study

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lambert ◽  
D. Schöttle ◽  
F. Ruppelt ◽  
A. Rohenkohl ◽  
M. Sengutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults

scholarly journals Prevalence of mental disorders and psychosocial impairments in adolescents and young adults

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-U. WITTCHEN ◽  
C. B. NELSON ◽  
G. LACHNER
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background. As part of a longitudinal study, prevalence findings of DSM-IV disorders are presented for a random sample of 3021 respondents aged 14 to 24, with response rate 71%.Method. Assessment included various subtypes of disorders, subthreshold conditions and disorders that have only rarely been studied in other epidemiological surveys. The computer-assisted Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) was used to derive DSM-IV diagnoses.Results. Substance disorders were the most frequent (lifetime 17·7%; 12-month 11·4%), with abuse being considerably more frequent than dependence. Other mental disorders had a lifetime prevalence of 27·5% (12-month, 17·5%) with depressive disorders (16·8%) being more frequent than anxiety disorders (14·4%). Eating disorders (3·0%) and threshold somatoform disorders (1·2%) were rare disorders. Subthreshold anxiety and somatoform disorders, however, were more frequent than threshold disorders. Prevalence of disorders was equally high for males and females, although specific disorder prevalence varied significantly by gender. The co-occurrence of disorders (co-morbidity) was substantial and was significantly related to greater reductions in work productivity and increased rates of professional helpseeking behaviour.Conclusions. Findings underline that mental disorders in young adults are frequent and impairing, limiting work and education ability and social interaction. Given the fact that adolescents and young adults are in a key phase of socialization in terms of professional career and interpersonal relationships, our findings indicate a considerable risk potential for an accumulation of complicating factors and future chronicity. This paper is the first report of this ongoing longitudinal study about early developmental conditions of mental disorders.

scholarly journals The association of polygenic risk for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression with neural connectivity in adolescents and young adults: examining developmental and sex differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Meyers ◽  
D. B. Chorlian ◽  
T. B. Bigdeli ◽  
E. C. Johnson ◽  
F. Aliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Family History ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Eeg Coherence ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
History Of

AbstractNeurodevelopmental abnormalities in neural connectivity have been long implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ); however, it remains unclear whether these neural connectivity patterns are associated with genetic risk for SCZ in unaffected individuals (i.e., an absence of clinical features of SCZ or a family history of SCZ). We examine whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for SCZ are associated with functional neural connectivity in adolescents and young adults without SCZ, whether this association is moderated by sex and age, and if similar associations are observed for genetically related neuropsychiatric PRS. One-thousand four-hundred twenty-six offspring from 913 families, unaffected with SCZ, were drawn from the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) prospective cohort (median age at first interview = 15.6 (12–26), 51.6% female, 98.1% European American, 41% with a family history of alcohol dependence). Participants were followed longitudinally with resting-state EEG connectivity (i.e., coherence) assessed every two years. Higher SCZ PRS were associated with elevated theta (3–7 Hz) and alpha (7–12 Hz) EEG coherence. Associations differed by sex and age; the most robust associations were observed between PRS and parietal-occipital, central-parietal, and frontal-parietal alpha coherence among males between ages 15–19 (B: 0.15–0.21, p < 10–4). Significant associations among EEG coherence and Bipolar and Depression PRS were observed, but differed from SCZ PRS in terms of sex, age, and topography. Findings reveal that polygenic risk for SCZ is robustly associated with increased functional neural connectivity among young adults without a SCZ diagnosis. Striking differences were observed between men and women throughout development, mapping onto key periods of risk for the onset of psychotic illness and underlining the critical importance of examining sex differences in associations with neuropsychiatric PRS across development.

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