scholarly journals Combination of generalist predators, Nesidiocoris tenuis and Macrolophus pygmaeus, with a companion plant, Sesamum indicum: What benefit for biological control of Tuta absoluta?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257925
Author(s):  
Kouassi Arthur J. Konan ◽  
Lucie S. Monticelli ◽  
San-Whouly M. Ouali-N’goran ◽  
Ricardo Ramirez-Romero ◽  
Thibaud Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Macrolophus Pygmaeus ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Companion Plant ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Companion Plants

Tuta absoluta is one of the most damaging pests of tomato crops worldwide. Damage due to larvae may cause up to 100% loss of tomato production. Use of natural enemies to control the pest, notably predatory mirids such as Nesidiocoris tenuis and Macrolophus pygmaeus, is increasingly being promoted. However, considering the potential damage caused to tomatoes by these omnivorous predators in the absence of T. absoluta, an alternative solution could be required to reduce tomato damage and improve the predators’ performance. The use of companion plants can be an innovative solution to cope with these issues. The present study aimed to determine the influence of companion plants and alternative preys on the predators’ performance in controlling T. absoluta and protecting tomato plants. We evaluated the effect of predators (alone or combined) and a companion plant (sesame (Sesamum indicum)) on T. absoluta egg predation and crop damage caused by N. tenuis. The influence of an alternative prey (Ephestia kuehniella eggs) on the spatial distribution of predators was also evaluated by caging them in the prey presence or absence, either on tomato or sesame plants or on both. We found that the presence of sesame did not reduce the efficacy of N. tenuis or M. pygmaeus in consuming T. absoluta eggs; hatched egg proportion decreased when N. tenuis, M. pygmaeus, or both predators were present. More specifically, this proportion was more strongly reduced when both predators were combined. Sesame presence also reduced necrotic rings caused by N. tenuis on tomato plants. Nesidiocoris tenuis preferred sesame over tomato plants (except when food was provided only on the tomato plant) and the upper part of the plants, whereas M. pygmaeus preferred tomato to sesame plants (except when food was provided only on the sesame plant) and had no preference for a plant part. Combination of predators N. tenuis and M. pygmaeus allows for better coverage of cultivated plants in terms of occupation of different plant parts and better regulation of T. absoluta populations. Sesamum indicum is a potential companion plant that can be used to significantly reduce N. tenuis damage to tomatoes.

Distribution, abundance and natural enemies of the invasive tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
G. Kinyanjui ◽  
F. M. Khamis ◽  
F. L. O. Ombura ◽  
E. U. Kenya ◽  
S. Ekesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Macrolophus Pygmaeus ◽  
Larval Parasitoids ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Sentinel Plants ◽  
Open Fields

Abstract Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) has become a serious menace to sustainable production of tomato in Kenya. A survey was conducted between April 2015 and June 2016 to determine its distribution, abundance, infestation, and damage levels on tomato, and associated natural enemies. Trap counts of T. absoluta moths were recorded in all surveyed 29 counties, which indicated its nationwide distribution irrespective of altitude. Tuta absoluta was present in both open fields and greenhouses. The highest moth/trap/day was 115.38 ± 15.90. Highest leaf infestation was 92.22% and the highest number of mines and larvae per leaf were 3.71 ± 0.28 and 2.16 ± 0.45, respectively. Trap captures in terms of moth/trap/day were linearly and positively related to leaf infestations in open fields (R2 = 0.81) and greenhouses (R2 = 0.61). Highest fruits’ infestation and damage were 60.00 and 59.61%, respectively, while the highest number of mines per fruit was 7.50 ± 0.50. Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) and Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) were identified as predators of T. absoluta larvae. Nine species of larval parasitoids were recovered from infested foliage, with a combined parasitism of 7.26 ± 0.65%. Hockeria species was the most dominant (31.25%) and accounted for 12.88 ± 1.47% parasitism. Two species of larval parasitoids, Hockeria and Necremnus were obtained from sentinel plants with an average parasitism of 1.13 ± 0.25. The overall abundance and parasitism rates of recovered natural enemies were low to effectively control the field populations of T. absoluta. These findings form the basis of researching and developing effective and sustainable management strategies for the pest.

scholarly journals First Report of Mosaic Disease Caused by Colombian datura virus on Solanum lycopersicum Plants Commercially Cultivated in Japan

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tomitaka ◽  
T. Usugi ◽  
R. Kozuka ◽  
S. Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
First Report

In 2009, some commercially grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, exhibited mosaic symptoms. Ten plants from a total of about 72,000 cultivated plants in the greenhouses showed such symptoms. To identify the causal agent, sap from leaves of the diseased plants was inoculated into Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Local necrotic lesions appeared on inoculated leaves of C. quinoa, but no systemic infection was observed. Systemic mosaic symptoms were observed on the N. benthamiana plants inoculated. Single local lesion isolation was performed three times using C. quinoa to obtain a reference isolate for further characterization. N. benthamiana was used for propagation of the isolate. Sap from infected leaves of N. benthamiana was mechanically inoculated into three individual S. lycopersicum cv. Momotaro. Symptoms appearing on inoculated tomatoes were indistinguishable from those of diseased tomato plants found initially in the greenhouse. Flexuous, filamentous particles, ~750 nm long, were observed by electron microscopy in the sap of the tomato plants inoculated with the isolate, indicating that the infecting virus may belong to the family Potyviridae. To determine genomic sequence of the virus, RT-PCR was performed. Total RNA was extracted from the tomato leaves experimentally infected with the isolate using an RNeasy Plant Mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). RT-PCR was performed by using a set of universal, degenerate primers for Potyviruses as previously reported (2). Amplicons (~1,500 bp) generated by RT-PCR were extracted from the gels using the QIAquick Gel Extraction kit (QIAGEN) and cloned into pCR-BluntII TOPO (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA). DNA sequences of three individual clones were determined using a combination of plasmid and virus-specific primers, showing that identity among three clones was 99.8%. A consensus nucleotide sequence of the isolate was deposited in GenBank (AB823816). BLASTn analysis of the nucleotide sequence determined showed 99% identity with a partial sequence in the NIb/coat protein (CP) region of Colombian datura virus (CDV) tobacco isolate (JQ801448). Comparison of the amino acid sequence predicted for the CP with previously reported sequences for CDV (AY621656, AJ237923, EU571230, AM113759, AM113754, and AM113761) showed 97 to 100% identity range. Subsequently, CDV infection in both the original and experimentally inoculated plants was confirmed by RT-PCR using CDV-specific primers (CDVv and CDVvc; [1]), and, hence, the causal agent of the tomato disease observed in greenhouse tomatoes was proved to be CDV. The first case of CDV on tomato was reported in Netherlands (3), indicating that CDV was transmitted by aphids from CDV-infected Brugmansia plants cultivated in the same greenhouse. We carefully investigated whether Brugmansia plants naturally grew around the greenhouses, but we could not find them inside or in proximity to the greenhouses. Therefore, sources of CDV inoculum in Japan are still unclear. This is the first report of a mosaic disease caused by CDV on commercially cultivated S. lycopersicum in Japan. References: (1) D. O. Chellemi et al. Plant Dis. 95:755, 2011. (2) J. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:757, 2001. (3) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant. Pathol. 102:895, 1996.

Comparative Effectiveness and Injury to Tomato Plants of Three Neotropical Mirid Predators of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 1080-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop C van Lenteren ◽  
V H P Bueno ◽  
F J Calvo ◽  
Ana M Calixto ◽  
Flavio C Montes
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Tomato Plants

scholarly journals Effect of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Glomus fasiculatum on the Growth and Physiological Response in Sesamum indicum L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
J. Philip Robinson ◽  
K. Nithya ◽  
R. Ramya ◽  
B. Karthikbalan ◽  
K. Kripa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Plant growth and physiological response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were studied in controlled environment using normal soil and indigenous Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi treated soil. The seedlings of Zea mays were inoculated with Giguspora species of VAM (Glomus fasiculatum) and the inoculum was multiplied with help of Zeamays seed bed. Sesame seeds were then inoculated into the bed and it was found that the plant height, shoots lengths, roots, biomass of shoot and roots were considerably increased in the mycorrhizal plants. The effect of VAM infection was assessed in pot experiment. In this comparative study, specific mycorrhizal fungi had consistent effects on various growth parameters such as the number of leaves, number of roots, shoot length, biomass of shoot and roots and biochemical parameters were observed at various time intervals by statistical analysis using two way ANOVA, it was confined with mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal infected plants. It was found that the ability of isolates to maintain the plant growth effectively in the case of mycorrhizal seedlings shows a maximum absorbtion of 0.77 ±0.2, shoot length is about 8.34 ±0.2, count of root and leaves are about 8.10 ±0.3, 5.6 ±0.3 respectively under mycorrhizal infection in 30days of analysis and had a positive effect on the growth at all intervals. Biochemical analysis were carried out to estimate the total chlorophyll, chrophyll A, chlorophyll B and Carotenoids contents and it was analyzed to be 9 ±0.5 mg/g, 8.3 ±0.5 mg/g, 3.6 ±0.5 mg/g, 4 ±0.3 mg/g respectively. At the 30th day of analysis for the mycorrhizal plants, it was found to be high in mycorrhizal seedlings which shows the symbiosis had improved the nutrient uptake of cultivated plants. Nevertheless G. fasiculatum was found to be the most efficient fungus and exhibited the highest levels of mycorrhizal colonization, as well as the greatest stimulation of physiological parameters.

The combined use of Bacillus thuringiensis and Nesidiocoris tenuis against the tomato borer Tuta absoluta

BioControl ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Mollá ◽  
Joel González-Cabrera ◽  
Alberto Urbaneja
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Tomato Borer

High population densities of Macrolophus pygmaeus on tomato plants can cause economic fruit damage: interaction with Pepino mosaic virus ?

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1350-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Moerkens ◽  
Els Berckmoes ◽  
Veerle Van Damme ◽  
Nelia Ortega-Parra ◽  
Inge Hanssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Population ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pepino Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Macrolophus Pygmaeus ◽  
Fruit Damage

Efficacy of sulphur on Tuta absoluta and its side effects on the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zappalà ◽  
G. Siscaro ◽  
A. Biondi ◽  
O. Mollá ◽  
J. González-Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis

Implications of using two natural enemies of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) toward tomato yield enhancement

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (05) ◽  
pp. 617-625
Author(s):  
M.A. Mirhosseini ◽  
Y. Fathipour ◽  
M. Soufbaf ◽  
G.V.P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Trichogramma Brassicae ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Mirid Bug ◽  
Predatory Mirid

AbstractTomato leaf miner (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most destructive tomato pests worldwide. We tested quantity and quality of tomato fruits after simultaneous use of two biological control agents, the predatory mirid bug Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) and the egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko against TLM. We varied the timing of predator releases (before or after pest establishment) and the number of parasitoids released (ten or 30 females per week per m2). The highest number of fruits per cage, percentage of undamaged fruits, total yield weight, and undamaged yield weight were all obtained with predator-in-first treatments, with or without parasitoid releases. Furthermore, measures of fruit quality were also highest in predator-in-first treatments, including, highest percentage of water, greatest proportional fresh weight of carbohydrates, most lycopene, most β-carotene, most flavonoids, and highest total chlorophyll. Thus, our findings support a predator-in-first augmentation approach for management of TLM.

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