scholarly journals Quantifying patterns of alcohol consumption and its effects on health and wellbeing among BaYaka hunter-gatherers: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258384
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Knight ◽  
Gul Deniz Salali ◽  
Gaurav Sikka ◽  
Inez Derkx ◽  
Sarai M. Keestra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
Negative Impacts

Ethnographers frequently allude to alcoholism and related harms in Indigenous hunter-gatherer communities, but very few studies have quantified patterns of alcohol consumption or its health and social impacts. We present a case study of the Mbendjele BaYaka, a Congolese population undergoing socioeconomic transition. 83 adults answered questions about their frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, underwent biometric measurements and reported whether they were currently experiencing a cough or diarrhoea; 56 participated in structured interviews about their experiences with alcohol. Based on WHO standards, we found 44.3% of the full sample, and 51.5% of drinkers (excluding abstainers), had a hazardous volume of alcohol consumption; and 35.1% of the full sample, and 40.9% of drinkers, engaged in heavy episodic drinking; consumption habits varied with sex and age. Total weekly consumption was a positive predictor of blood pressure and the likelihood of experiencing diarrhoea; associations with other biometric variables were not statistically significant. Interview responses indicated numerous other economic, mental and physical health harms of alcohol use, the prevalence of which demonstrate some variability between forest camps and permanent village settlements. These include high rates of drinking during pregnancy and breastfeeding (~40%); frequent alcohol-induced violence; and considerable exchange of foraged foods and engagement in exploitative labour activities to acquire alcohol or repay associated debts. Our findings demonstrate the prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption among transitioning hunter-gatherers is higher than other segments of the Congolese population and indicate negative impacts on health and wellbeing, highlighting an urgent need for targeted public health interventions.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: a large-scale cross-sectional study in 21 countries (preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Kilian ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Peter Allebeck ◽  
Fleur Braddick ◽  
Antoni Gual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Consumption Change

Abstract Aims: The aim of this project was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption during the first months of the pandemic in Europe as well as its associations with income and experiences of distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional online survey conducted between April 24 and July 22 of 2020. Setting: 21 European countries. Participants: 31,964 adults reporting past-year drinking. Measurements: Changes in alcohol consumption were measured by asking respondents about changes during the previous month in their drinking frequency, the quantity they consumed, and incidence of heavy episodic drinking events. Individual indicators were combined into an aggregated consumption-change score and scaled to a possible range: -1 to +1. Using this score as outcome, multilevel linear regressions tested changes in overall drinking, taking into account sampling weights and baseline alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) and country of residence serving as random intercept. Similar models were conducted for each single consumption-change indicator. Findings: In almost all countries, the consumption-change score indicated alcohol use to decrease on average; except in Ireland and the UK, where alcohol consumption on average remained unchanged or increased, respectively. Decreases in drinking were mostly driven by a reduced frequency of heavy episodic drinking. Declines in consumption were less marked among those with low- or average incomes, and those experiencing distress. Conclusions: Our research suggests alcohol consumption to decline on average during the first months of the pandemic in Europe. The findings suggest both reduced availability of alcohol and increased distress may have affected alcohol consumption, although the former seemed to have a greater impact, at least in terms of immediate effects. Monitoring of mid- and long-term consequences will be crucial in understanding how this public health crisis impacts alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: a large-scale cross-sectional study in 21 countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Kilian ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Peter Allebeck ◽  
Fleur Braddick ◽  
Antoni Gual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Consumption Change

Abstract Aims: The aim of this project was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption during the first months of the pandemic in Europe as well as its associations with income and experiences of distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional online survey conducted between April 24 and July 22 of 2020. Setting: 21 European countries. Participants: 31,964 adults reporting past-year drinking. Measurements: Changes in alcohol consumption were measured by asking respondents about changes during the previous month in their drinking frequency, the quantity they consumed, and incidence of heavy episodic drinking events. Individual indicators were combined into an aggregated consumption-change score and scaled to a possible range: -1 to +1. Using this score as outcome, multilevel linear regressions tested changes in overall drinking, taking into account sampling weights and baseline alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) and country of residence serving as random intercept. Similar models were conducted for each single consumption-change indicator. Findings: In almost all countries, the consumption-change score indicated alcohol use to decrease on average; except in Ireland and the UK, where alcohol consumption on average remained unchanged or increased, respectively. Decreases in drinking were mostly driven by a reduced frequency of heavy episodic drinking. Declines in consumption were less marked among those with low- or average incomes, and those experiencing distress. Conclusions: Our research suggests alcohol consumption to decline on average during the first months of the pandemic in Europe. The findings suggest both reduced availability of alcohol and increased distress may have affected alcohol consumption, although the former seemed to have a greater impact, at least in terms of immediate effects. Monitoring of mid- and long-term consequences will be crucial in understanding how this public health crisis impacts alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals The choice of indicators influences conclusions about the educational gradient of sex-specific alcohol consumption

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schulz ◽  
Jörg Wolstein ◽  
Henriette Engelhardt-Wölfler
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
German Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Consumption ◽  
German Data ◽  
Educational Gradient

There has been considerable public interest in reports on harmful alcohol consumption of higher educated females. This study assesses the robustness of this finding with representative German data using ten different indicators of alcohol consumption. This cross-sectional study used data of the Epidemiological Survey on Substance Abuse from 2012. 4,225 females and 3,239 males represent the German population aged 18–64. It presents ten indicators of alcohol consumption by sex and education and provides group specific means and 95 %-confidence intervals. The main results are: (1) Higher educated males and females are drinking alcohol more frequently than lower educated males and females. (2) When drinking, higher educated males and females tend to drink less alcohol than lower educated males and females. (3) Only when using an indicator for hazardous alcohol consumption with different thresholds for males and females, the results indicate a pattern that significantly exposes hazardous alcohol consumption in the group of higher educated females. Concerning the choice of indicators, this study shows that sex-specific threshold-based indicators of alcohol consumption may lead to different conclusions as the majority of other indicators.

scholarly journals DENTAL HOT-COLD SENSITIVITY AND TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Traebert ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Teixeira Martins ◽  
Eliane Silva de Azevedo Traebert ◽  
Marcelo Carlos Bortoluzzi
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cold Sensitivity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traumatic Dental Injuries ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Dental Injuries

AIM: Although several studies have indicated negative impacts of traumatic dental injuries on children’s quality of life, virtually none of them have explored the possible association between them and the occurrence and dental hot-cold sensitivity. The aim of this study was to study the possible association of hot-cold dental sensitivity and history of traumatic dental injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving a representative sample of 11- to 14-year-old schoolchildren from 13 Brazilian municipalities was carried out. Data on traumatic dental injuries were collected through oral exanimations. Non-clinical data were obtained through structured interviews on socio-demographic profile and prevalence of dental hot-cold sensitivity. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was performed for the presence of dental hot-cold sensitivity controlled for gender, maternal schooling and history of dental caries. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental hot-cold sensitivity was 30.3% and the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries was 16.6%. Schoolchildren presenting traumatic dental injuries had 22% higher prevalence of dental hot-cold sensitivity compared to those without it regardless other studied variables. CONCLUSIONS: A significant and independent association between dental hot-cold sensitivity and history of traumatic dental injuries was observed.

scholarly journals Risky Alcohol Consumption and Heavy Episodic Drinking among Parents in Germany: Results of a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gianni Varnaccia ◽  
Kristin Manz ◽  
Johannes Zeiher ◽  
Petra Rattay ◽  
Cornelia Lange
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Risky Alcohol ◽  
Risky Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Parental Alcohol

Introduction. Risky alcohol consumption (RAC) and heavy episodic drinking (HED) by parents can have negative effects on their children. At present, little is known about these forms of alcohol consumption among parents in Germany. The aim of this analysis is to estimate the percentage of parents living in Germany who practise RAC and HED and to study associations between these consumption patterns and sociodemographic factors. Material and Methods. The data basis comprises the data of the nationwide studies “Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell” (GEDA) of 2009, 2010, and 2012. The data were collected by means of computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI). Our analysis included all participants living in a household with at least one child of their own under 18 years of age (n = 16,224). Information on RAC and HED was collected using the AUDIT-C screening instrument. Logistic regression models were used to study the relationship between parental alcohol consumption and sociodemographic variables. Results. 18.4% of the mothers and 29.6% of the fathers exhibited RAC; 8.4% of the mothers and 21.0% of the fathers practised HED. After mutual adjustment, RAC showed a significant association with the level of education, income (only mothers), employment status (only mothers), migration background, relationship status (only mothers), and the age of the youngest child. HED showed a significant association with income (only mothers), the age of the youngest child (only mothers), and the level of education (only fathers). Conclusions. The presented analysis emphasizes the relevance of preventive measures to reduce parental alcohol consumption. In addition to universal interventions, risk group-specific measures (e.g., for parents with high income) are needed to reduce parental alcohol consumption and thus support a healthy development of children.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of hypertension in selected towns of Wollega zones, Western Ethiopia, 2019: A community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110245
Author(s):  
Getu Mosisa ◽  
Bikila Regassa ◽  
Bayise Biru
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Hypertension remains an emerging public health problem globally, particularly in developing countries. Age, income level, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, vegetables and fruit consumption, physical activity and chat chewing were some risk factors of hypertension. However, there are limited data on the epidemiology of hypertension in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess Epidemiology of Hypertension among the community of selected towns of Wollega zones. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 June 2019 in selected towns of Wollega zones. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 840 study participants. Data were collected using the WHO STEP wise approach. The data were coded and entered into EpiData 3, and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results: The study included a total of 838 respondents with a response rate of 99.7%. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 189 (22.6%) (95% confidence interval = 19.9%–25.2%). Of this, 108 (12.9%) and 81 (9.7%) of female and male were hypertensive, respectively. Age groups of 30–44 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.65 (1.43, 4.89)), 45–59 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.55 (1.79, 7.04)), above 60 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.97 (1.43, 6.18)), having history of alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29 (2.4, 7.66)), involving in vigorous physical activity (adjusted odds ratio = 0.096 (0.028, 0.33)), not walking to and from the work (adjusted odds ratio = 13.12 (8.34, 20.67)), being overweight (adjusted odds ratio = 1.98 (1.21, 3.25)), inadequate fruits serving per day (adjusted odds ratio = 2.93 (1.75, 4.88)) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be high in the study area. Older age, alcohol consumption, not engaging in vigorous activity, physical inactivity, being overweight and inadequate intake of fruits were found to be risk factors for hypertension. Therefore, health care providers should provide extensive health education and promotion on recommended lifestyle modification to tackle the burden of hypertension.

scholarly journals Determinants of alcohol consumption and marijuana use among young adults in the Republic of Palau

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Sata ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Chifa Chiang ◽  
Singeru Travis Singeo ◽  
Berry Moon Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Palau

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the status of alcohol consumption and drug use among young adults as well as their determinants. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 356 young adults (aged 18 to 24 years) living in Palau in 2013. The prevalence of self-reported alcohol and marijuana usage were compared within and between sexes, age groups, ethnicities, and education levels. Results The proportion of current drinking was higher in people aged 21–24 than in those aged 18–20 (73.2% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.09 in men and 48.3% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.02 in women), while that of marijuana use did not differ between the age groups. The proportions of current drinking and marijuana use were higher in Palauan than in other ethnicities (current drinking: 70.6% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.005 in men and 38.8% vs. 16.6%, p = 0.04 in women; lifetime marijuana use: 80.0% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.02 in men and 56.1% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.09 in women). The proportion of frequent (3 times or more) marijuana users was higher for the lower educated than for the higher educated (62.5% vs. 32.1%, p < 0.001 in men and 33.9% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.12 in women). Conclusions Sex, age, ethnicity, and education were significant determinants of alcohol and marijuana use.

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