scholarly journals The impact of aqueous and N-hexane extracts of three Fabaceae species on seed germination and seedling growth of some broadleaved weed species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258920
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Mudasar Abbas ◽  
Cumali Ozaslan ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
The Impact

Weed infestation is a persistent problem for centuries and continues to be major yield reducing issue in modern agriculture. Chemical weed control through herbicides results in numerous ecological, environmental, and health-related issues. Moreover, numerous herbicides have evolved resistance against available herbicides. Plant extracts are regarded as an alternative to herbicides and a good weed management option. The use of plant extracts is environmentally safe and could solve the problem of herbicide resistance. Therefore, laboratory and wire house experiments were conducted to evaluate the phytotoxic potential of three Fabaceae species, i.e., Cassia occidentalis L. (Coffee senna), Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. (Common sesban) and Melilotus alba Medik. (White sweetclover) against seed germination and seedling growth of some broadleaved weed species. Firstly, N-hexane and aqueous extracts of these species were assessed for their phytotoxic effect against lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The extracts found more potent were further tested against germination and seedling growth of four broadleaved weed species, i.e., Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Santa-Maria), Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Pigweed), Melilotus indica L (Indian sweetclover). and Rumex dentatus L. (Toothed dock) in Petri dish and pot experiments. Aqueous extracts of all species were more toxic than their N-hexane forms for seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce; therefore, aqueous extracts were assessed for their phytotoxic potential against four broadleaved weed species. Aqueous extracts of all species proved phytotoxic against T. portulacastrum, P. hysterophorus, M. indica and R. dentatus and retarder their germination by 57, 90, 100 and 58%, respectively. Nevertheless, foliar spray of C. occidentalis extract was the most effective against T. portulacastrum as it reduced its dry biomass by 72%, while M. alba was effective against P. hysterophorus, R. dentatus and M. indica and reduced their dry biomass by 55, 68 and 81%, respectively. It is concluded that aqueous extracts of M. alba, S. sesban and C. occidentalis could be used to retard seed germination of T. portulacastrum, P. hysterophorus, M. indica and R. dentatus. Similarly, aqueous extracts of C. occidentalis can be used to suppress dry biomass of T. portulacastrum, and those of M. alba against P. hysterophorus, R. dentatus. However, use of these extracts needs their thorough testing under field conditions.

scholarly journals Differential suppression of rice weeds by allelopathic plant aqueous extracts

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Khaliq ◽  
A Matloob ◽  
M.B Khan ◽  
A Tanveer
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Species Specific

Herbicidal potential of different plant aqueous extracts was evaluated against early seedling growth of rice weeds in pot studies. Plant aqueous extracts of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), brassica (Brassica compestris), mulberry (Morris alba), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldunensis), and winter cherry (Withania somnifera) at a spray volume of 18 L ha-1 each at the 2-4 leaf stage of rice weeds viz horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) [broad-leaf], jungle rice (Echinochloa colona), and E. crus-galli (barnyard grass) [grasses] and purple nut sedge (Cyperus rotundus) and rice flat sedge (C. iria) [sedges]. The results showed significant interactive effects between plant aqueous extracts and the tested weed species for seedling growth attributes depicting that allelopathic inhibition was species-specific. Shoot and root length, lateral plant spread, biomass accumulation, and leaf chlorophyll contents in test species were all reduced by different extracts. The study suggested the suppressive potential of allelopathic plant aqueous extracts against rice weeds, and offered promise for their usefulness as a tool for weed management under field conditions.

scholarly journals Potential allelopathic effects of rice plant aqueous extracts on germination and seedling growth of some rice field common weeds

2018 ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Amirul Alam ◽  
M.A. Hakim ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
M.Y. Rafii ◽  
M. M. Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Length Reduction

Given the increasing emphasis on sustainable agriculture, and concerns about the adverse effects of extensive use of farm chemicals, research attention is now being focused on reducing the dependence upon synthetic herbicides, and finding alternative strategies for weed management. Allelopathic properties of crop plants may allow us to use lower amounts of herbicides with benefits for the environment and human health. Considering these aspects, the present study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of six selected rice varieties (WITA-3, WITA-4, WITA-12, Woo-Co, Fukuhibiki and Kalizira) collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) on seed germination and seedling growth of five weed species; Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus difformis, Cyperus iria, Fimbristylis milliacea and weedy rice. The aqueous extracts of all the rice cultivars caused inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling shoot-root length of all the weed species. However, the inhibitory effects of different rice varieties varied significantly based on the differences of weed species and weedy rice found to be the least affected compared to other weeds. WITA-12 resulted about 50% germination inhibition, 25% shoot length reduction and 23% root length reduction respectively compared to control. On the basis of average percentage inhibition, rice varieties ranked in order; WITA-12>WITA- 4>Fukuhibiki>Kalizira>Woo-Co>WITA-3. Our results suggested that there is a possibility of developing a new ecological weed management strategy using rice cultivars with higher allelopathic potentials. This means breeding of rice cultivars with higher allelopathic potential may provide natural and sustainable weed management options for rice growers.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Cynara cardunculus L. leaf aqueous extracts on seed germination of some Mediterranean weed species

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio Scavo ◽  
Alessia Restuccia ◽  
Gaetano Pandino ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
Giovanni Mauromicale
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Solanum Nigrum L ◽  
Diplotaxis Erucoides

It is known that the presence of weeds causes serious losses to the agricultural production, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. The major problem in modern agriculture is the environmental impact of synthetic herbicides and the increase in herbicide-resistant weed species. Allelopathic compounds can be used to develop a sustainable weed management system based on natural products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic potential of leaf aqueous extracts (40 and 80%) obtained from Cynara cardunculus L. plant species on seed germination and mean germination time of six common weeds in Mediterranean agroecosystems: Amaranthus retroflexus L., Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC., Portulaca oleracea L., Lavatera arborea L., Brassica campestris L. and Solanum nigrum L. Effects varied with the weed species and the concentrations of the extracts. On average, the aqueous leaf extracts significantly reduced the final percentage of seed germination compared to the control for A. retroflexus (-58.1%), D. erucoides (-43.9%) and P. oleracea (-42.5%). The rate of germination decreased with increasing extract concentration. In C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris the autoallelopathic activity also was demonstrated. These results are very promising in order to produce a bioherbicide based on C. cardunculus allelochemicals.

Germination Biology of Sesbania (Sesbania cannabina): An Emerging Weed in the Australian Cotton Agro-environment

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Iqbal ◽  
Sudheesh Manalil ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Steve W. Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Sesbania Cannabina ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSesbania [Sesbania cannabina(Retz.) Pers.] is a problematic emerging weed species in Australian cotton-farming systems. However, globally, no information is available regarding its seed germination biology, and better understanding will help in devising superior management strategies to prevent further infestations. Laboratory and glasshouse studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of various environmental factors such as light, temperature, salt, osmotic and pH stress, and burial depth on germination and emergence of two Australian biotypes ofS. cannabina. Freshly harvested seeds of both biotypes possessed physical dormancy. A boiling-water scarification treatment (100±2 C) of 5-min duration was the optimum treatment to overcome this dormancy. Once dormancy was broken, the Dalby biotype exhibited a greater germination (93%) compared with the St George biotype (87%). The nondormant seeds of both biotypes showed a neutral photoblastic response to light and dark conditions, with germination marginally improved (6%) under illumination. Maximum germination of both biotypes occurred under an alternating temperature regime of 30/20 and 35/25 C and under constant temperatures of 32 or 35 C, with no germination at 8 or 11 C. Seed germination of both biotypes decreased linearly from 87% to 14% with an increase in moisture stress from 0.0 to −0.8 MPa, with no germination possible at −1.0 MPa. There was a gradual decline in germination for both biotypes when imbibed in a range of salt solutions of 25 to 250 mM, with a 50% reduction in germination occurring at 150 mM. Both biotypes germinated well under a wide range of pH values (4.0 to 10.0), with maximum germination (94%) at pH 9.0. The greatest emergence rate of the Dalby (87%) and St George (78%) biotypes was recorded at a burial depth of 1.0 cm, with no emergence at 16.0 cm. Deep tillage seems to be the best management strategy to stopS. cannabina’s emergence and further infestation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) fields. The findings of this study will be helpful to cotton agronomists in devising effective, sustainable, and efficient integrated weed management strategies for the control ofS. cannabinain cotton cropping lands.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF A WEED SPECIES, CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. AND CLEOME VISCOSA L. ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK GRAM (VIGNA MUNGO (L.) HEPPER.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Prabhakaran J ◽  
Kavitha D ◽  
Arumugam K
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cleome Viscosa

The present study was aimed to investigate the allelopathic influence of two weed species Cyperus rotundus L. and Cleome viscosa L. against the growth of Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Aqueous extracts (5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations) of whole plants of C. rotundus and C. viscosa were employed to investigate their influence on the germination and seedling growth of the black gram. The aqueous whole plants extracts ( from 5% to 100% concentrations) of C. rotundus and C. viscosa exhibited an inhibitory effects on all the parameters employed in the germination percentage, root and shoot growth, fresh and dry weight, content of chlorophyll, starch, sugar and protein contents of Black gram over control. The extracts of both the weeds caused a minimum inhibition on germination and seedling growth of Black gram at 5% concentration and the intensity of inhibition increased when increased extract concentrations. The aqueous extracts of C. rotundus and C. viscosa showed an inhibitory effect on Black gram but their effect was more severe on black gram by the extract treatments of C. rotundus than that of C. viscosa.

scholarly journals Identification and Bioassay of Allelopathic Substances from Plant and Rhizosphere Soil Extracts of Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis [Willd.] Ohwi & H. Ohashi.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Song ◽  
P. P. Zhang ◽  
X. L. Gao ◽  
S. X. Xu ◽  
Q. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Vigna Angularis ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Impact

<p class="Abstract">The soil sickness of Adzuki bean [<em>Vigna angularis </em>(Willd.) Ohwi &amp; H. Ohashi] have been getting attention seriously under a continuously mono-cropping management-system in China. To investigate the allelopathy of rhizosphere soil and plant of Adzuki bean, culture dish and pot experiments were conducted. The compounds in the products were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The aqueous extracts from rhizospheric soil and whole plant inhibited seed index (seed germination and seed potential) and plant growth under different degrees, and it showed concentration gradient effect on the inhibition of seed germination. Inhibition was stronger with increasment in extract concentration with the highest effect at 0.16 parts aqueous extract to 1 parts deionized water (0.16g·mL<sup>-1</sup>). The impact on growth varied among aqueous extracts from rhizospheric soil and the whole plant. Five phenolic compounds, cinnamic, phthalic, <em>p</em>-hydroxybenzoic, and isobutyricand glutaric acids, were detected from the rhizosphere soil and plant extract of Adzuki bean by HPLC method. Cinnamic, phthalic, and <em>p</em>-hydroxybenzoicacids were higher than that of the other phenolic acids. This result suggests that autotoxicity effects of phenolics on Adzuki bean probably happen in continuous mono-cropping systems.</p>

Inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii on seed germination and growth of Sulla coronaria

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
Chadlia Hachani ◽  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Mejda Abassi ◽  
Zoubeir Béjaoui
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Sulla Coronaria

Biodiversity has been confronted with anthropogenic threats and several natural threats such as biological invasions. The success of these invasions involves phytotoxic products released by invasive plants that can exhibit allelopathic effects on target species. Thus, aqueous extracts from different parts of the Mediterranean yellow star-thistle [Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii (DC.) Gugler], were tested for their allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Sulla coronaria (L.). Bioassays were conducted in vitro to test the effects of the aqueous extracts of shoot, basal and root parts of C. solstitialis subsp. schouwii at two different concentrations (50 g·L−1 and 10 g·L−1). The concentrations of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins of the extracts were also evaluated. Our results showed inhibitory effects on the germination and seedling growth of S. coronaria seedlings, particularly with the extract form the basal part, reaching 84%. This study confirms the linear relationships between the allelopathic effects of C. solstitialis subsp. schouwii and the polyphenol and flavonoid contents. However, further experiments are needed under field conditions to confirm the results obtained under laboratory conditions.

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