scholarly journals Identification and Bioassay of Allelopathic Substances from Plant and Rhizosphere Soil Extracts of Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis [Willd.] Ohwi & H. Ohashi.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Song ◽  
P. P. Zhang ◽  
X. L. Gao ◽  
S. X. Xu ◽  
Q. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Vigna Angularis ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Impact

<p class="Abstract">The soil sickness of Adzuki bean [<em>Vigna angularis </em>(Willd.) Ohwi &amp; H. Ohashi] have been getting attention seriously under a continuously mono-cropping management-system in China. To investigate the allelopathy of rhizosphere soil and plant of Adzuki bean, culture dish and pot experiments were conducted. The compounds in the products were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The aqueous extracts from rhizospheric soil and whole plant inhibited seed index (seed germination and seed potential) and plant growth under different degrees, and it showed concentration gradient effect on the inhibition of seed germination. Inhibition was stronger with increasment in extract concentration with the highest effect at 0.16 parts aqueous extract to 1 parts deionized water (0.16g·mL<sup>-1</sup>). The impact on growth varied among aqueous extracts from rhizospheric soil and the whole plant. Five phenolic compounds, cinnamic, phthalic, <em>p</em>-hydroxybenzoic, and isobutyricand glutaric acids, were detected from the rhizosphere soil and plant extract of Adzuki bean by HPLC method. Cinnamic, phthalic, and <em>p</em>-hydroxybenzoicacids were higher than that of the other phenolic acids. This result suggests that autotoxicity effects of phenolics on Adzuki bean probably happen in continuous mono-cropping systems.</p>

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Cinnamomum migao on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of its Associated Species Liquidambar formosana

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Deng Wang ◽  
Jingzhong Chen ◽  
Xue Xiong ◽  
Shu Wang ◽  
Jiming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Associated Species

We examined allelopathic effects and underlying mechanisms of Cinnamomum migao on its associated species Liquidambar formosana. We assessed effects of aqueous extracts of C. migao pericarp, leaf, and rhizosphere soil at different concentrations on seed germination, seedling growth, and physiology of L. formosana. All extracts inhibited L. formosana seed germination, with obvious inhibition at high concentrations (50 mg mL−1). All extracts promoted the height and ground diameter of seedlings, with the highest promotion achieved with aqueous leaf extract at a concentration of 1 mg mL−1 and aqueous pericarp and rhizosphere soil extracts at a concentration of 5 mg mL−1. All extracts promoted soluble protein accumulation in L. formosana seedlings, with the highest accumulation achieved with aqueous pericarp extracts. Aqueous leaf extract promoted soluble starch accumulation. Aqueous pericarp extract at concentrations of >10 mg mL−1 significantly increased soluble sugar content. Aqueous leaf and rhizosphere soil extracts at concentrations of >5 mg mL−1 increased proline accumulation. All extracts at concentrations of >1 mg mL−1 significantly increased malondialdehyde content. Aqueous pericarp and rhizosphere soil extracts at concentrations of 10 and 0.5 mg mL−1, respectively, promoted superoxide dismutase activity. Activities of soil urease, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase were significantly increased when the concentration of aqueous pericarp and leaf extracts exceeded 5 mg mL−1, and the activity of soil acid phosphatase significantly increased when the concentration of all extracts were 5 mg mL−1. According to the synthetic allelopathic index, the low- and medium-concentration extracts all showed a promoting effect, whereas high concentrations exhibited obvious inhibitory effects; furthermore, the comprehensive effect value of leaf water extraction was higher than that of the pericarp and rhizosphere soil. Thus, allelopathy can affect the long-term co-existence of C. migao and L. formosana.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF RHIZOSPHERE SOIL MICROORGANISMS OF SUGARCANE CULTIVARS AFTER SPRAYING OF HERBICIDES: DIURON, TEBUTHIURON, AMETRYN AND DIURON + HEXAZINONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
AUTIERES TEIXEIRA FARIA ◽  
BEATRIZ FERNANDES DE SEIA GONÇALVES ◽  
DOUGLAS TEIXEIRA SARAIVA ◽  
MATHEUS DE FREITAS SOUZA ◽  
ANTONIO ALBERTO DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Changes in the agricultural environment can be determined by providing microbiological indicators of the soil since the soil microorganisms are sensitive to variations in the environment. In this way, the impact of herbicides of long residual effect on the rhizospheric soil microorganisms of sugarcane cultivars was evaluated. The cultivars of sugarcane (SP 81-3250 and RB 867515) were treated with four herbicides (tebuthiuron, diuron, ametryn and mixture of diuron + and hexazinone) applied in pre-emergence. The herbicides were applied seven days after the planting of the gems. At 30, 60 and 90 days after the application, the soil rhizosphere was collected in each treatment to determine the CO2 evolution of the soil (C-CO2), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), metabolic quotient (qCO2), solubility potential of inorganic phosphorus P (PSFI) and percentage of roots colonized by mycorrhizal fungi Arbuscular. No changes were observed in the microbial activity of the sugarcane rhizosphere at 30 days after application of the herbicides (DAA). However, at 90 DAA, all herbicides negatively affected the activity of the rhizospheric microorganisms of sugarcane. The metabolic activity of rhizosphere in soil cultivated with RB 867515 was less affected by herbicides.

scholarly journals The impact of aqueous and N-hexane extracts of three Fabaceae species on seed germination and seedling growth of some broadleaved weed species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258920
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Mudasar Abbas ◽  
Cumali Ozaslan ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
The Impact

Weed infestation is a persistent problem for centuries and continues to be major yield reducing issue in modern agriculture. Chemical weed control through herbicides results in numerous ecological, environmental, and health-related issues. Moreover, numerous herbicides have evolved resistance against available herbicides. Plant extracts are regarded as an alternative to herbicides and a good weed management option. The use of plant extracts is environmentally safe and could solve the problem of herbicide resistance. Therefore, laboratory and wire house experiments were conducted to evaluate the phytotoxic potential of three Fabaceae species, i.e., Cassia occidentalis L. (Coffee senna), Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. (Common sesban) and Melilotus alba Medik. (White sweetclover) against seed germination and seedling growth of some broadleaved weed species. Firstly, N-hexane and aqueous extracts of these species were assessed for their phytotoxic effect against lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The extracts found more potent were further tested against germination and seedling growth of four broadleaved weed species, i.e., Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Santa-Maria), Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Pigweed), Melilotus indica L (Indian sweetclover). and Rumex dentatus L. (Toothed dock) in Petri dish and pot experiments. Aqueous extracts of all species were more toxic than their N-hexane forms for seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce; therefore, aqueous extracts were assessed for their phytotoxic potential against four broadleaved weed species. Aqueous extracts of all species proved phytotoxic against T. portulacastrum, P. hysterophorus, M. indica and R. dentatus and retarder their germination by 57, 90, 100 and 58%, respectively. Nevertheless, foliar spray of C. occidentalis extract was the most effective against T. portulacastrum as it reduced its dry biomass by 72%, while M. alba was effective against P. hysterophorus, R. dentatus and M. indica and reduced their dry biomass by 55, 68 and 81%, respectively. It is concluded that aqueous extracts of M. alba, S. sesban and C. occidentalis could be used to retard seed germination of T. portulacastrum, P. hysterophorus, M. indica and R. dentatus. Similarly, aqueous extracts of C. occidentalis can be used to suppress dry biomass of T. portulacastrum, and those of M. alba against P. hysterophorus, R. dentatus. However, use of these extracts needs their thorough testing under field conditions.

Root water gates and not changes in root structure provide new insights into plant physiological responses to drought, flooding and salinity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Domec ◽  
John S King ◽  
Mary J Carmichael ◽  
Anna Treado Overby ◽  
Remi R Wortemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Xylem Structure ◽  
Plant Hydraulics ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The influence of aquaporin (AQP) activity on plant water movement remains unclear, especially in plants subject to unfavorable conditions. We applied a multitiered approach at a range of plant scales to (i) characterize the resistances controlling water transport under drought, flooding and flooding plus salinity conditions; (ii) quantify the respective effects of AQP activity and xylem structure on root (Kroot), stem (Kstem) and leaf (Kleaf) conductances, and (iii) evaluate the impact of AQP-regulated transport capacity on gas exchange. We found that drought, flooding and flooding-salinity reduced Kroot and root AQP activity in Pinus taeda, whereas Kroot of the flood-tolerant Taxodium distichum did not decline under flooding. The extent of the AQP-control of transport efficiency varied among organs and species, ranging from 35%-55% in Kroot to 10%-30% in Kstem and Kleaf. In response to treatments, AQP-mediated inhibition of Kroot rather than changes in xylem acclimation controlled the fluctuations in Kroot. The reduction in stomatal conductance and its sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit were direct responses to decreased whole-plant conductance triggered by lower Kroot and larger resistance belowground. Our results provide new mechanistic and functional insights on plant hydraulics that are essential to quantifying the influences of future stress on ecosystem function.

The Impact of several Antihypertensive drugs and Medicinal herbs on Induced hypertension in rabbits

2021 ◽  
pp. 4832-4836
Author(s):  
Hayder Sabah Hasan ◽  
Imad Hashim ◽  
Zaid Al-Attar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Teucrium Polium ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To assess the antihypertensive efficacy of the medicinal plants used Hibiscus subdariffa, Plantago major, Teucrium polium. Moreover, we aim to Investigate the mechanisms of actions of tested agents. Design: Induced hypertension in experimental animals is tested against several drugs and medicinal plants extracts. Animals and materials: Hypertension was induced in experimental rabbits with phenylephrine 0.2mg/kg i.v. with increasing the dose (until Blood pressure>130/90mmHg). Rabbits were divided to 7 groups: Control, atenolol, furosemide, candesartan, Hibiscus subdariffa, Plantago major, Teucrium polium. ANOVA with Dunnett's test was implemented for statistical calculations with p<0.05 as significance level. Results: Candesartan was the most effective in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Concerning the blood flow, candesartan was found to be the most significantly effective drug in increasing blood flow followed by furosemide and Hibiscus subdariffa respectively. Concerning the urine output furosemide was found to be the most significantly effective drug in increasing urine output followed by Hibiscus subdariffa. The aqueous extracts of Plantago major and Teucrium polium showed no significant effect. Conclusions: Hibiscus subdariffa is effective as diuretic agent at the concentration mentioned. Its action involves diuretic and vasodilator effect. While aqueous extracts of Plantago major and Teucrium polium are not effective.

Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi) Breeding

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Lixia Wang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Xuzhen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Vigna Angularis

Germination Biology of Sesbania (Sesbania cannabina): An Emerging Weed in the Australian Cotton Agro-environment

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Iqbal ◽  
Sudheesh Manalil ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Steve W. Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Sesbania Cannabina ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSesbania [Sesbania cannabina(Retz.) Pers.] is a problematic emerging weed species in Australian cotton-farming systems. However, globally, no information is available regarding its seed germination biology, and better understanding will help in devising superior management strategies to prevent further infestations. Laboratory and glasshouse studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of various environmental factors such as light, temperature, salt, osmotic and pH stress, and burial depth on germination and emergence of two Australian biotypes ofS. cannabina. Freshly harvested seeds of both biotypes possessed physical dormancy. A boiling-water scarification treatment (100±2 C) of 5-min duration was the optimum treatment to overcome this dormancy. Once dormancy was broken, the Dalby biotype exhibited a greater germination (93%) compared with the St George biotype (87%). The nondormant seeds of both biotypes showed a neutral photoblastic response to light and dark conditions, with germination marginally improved (6%) under illumination. Maximum germination of both biotypes occurred under an alternating temperature regime of 30/20 and 35/25 C and under constant temperatures of 32 or 35 C, with no germination at 8 or 11 C. Seed germination of both biotypes decreased linearly from 87% to 14% with an increase in moisture stress from 0.0 to −0.8 MPa, with no germination possible at −1.0 MPa. There was a gradual decline in germination for both biotypes when imbibed in a range of salt solutions of 25 to 250 mM, with a 50% reduction in germination occurring at 150 mM. Both biotypes germinated well under a wide range of pH values (4.0 to 10.0), with maximum germination (94%) at pH 9.0. The greatest emergence rate of the Dalby (87%) and St George (78%) biotypes was recorded at a burial depth of 1.0 cm, with no emergence at 16.0 cm. Deep tillage seems to be the best management strategy to stopS. cannabina’s emergence and further infestation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) fields. The findings of this study will be helpful to cotton agronomists in devising effective, sustainable, and efficient integrated weed management strategies for the control ofS. cannabinain cotton cropping lands.

Linking leaf transcript levels to whole plant analyses provides mechanistic insights to the impact of warming and altered water availability in an annual grass

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1577-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
STÉPHANIE M. SWARBRECK ◽  
ERIKA A. SUDDERTH ◽  
SAMUEL B. ST.CLAIR ◽  
ROHIT SALVE ◽  
CRISTINA CASTANHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Impact
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