scholarly journals Gendered health, economic, social and safety impact of COVID-19 on adolescents and young adults in Nairobi, Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259583
Author(s):  
Michele R. Decker ◽  
Shannon N. Wood ◽  
Mary Thiongo ◽  
Meagan E. Byrne ◽  
Bianca Devoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Economic Health ◽  
Privacy Constraints ◽  
And Gender

Background Infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19 and their mitigation measures can exacerbate underlying gender disparities, particularly among adolescents and young adults in densely populated urban settings. Methods An existing cohort of youth ages 16–26 in Nairobi, Kenya completed a phone-based survey in August-October 2020 (n = 1217), supplemented by virtual focus group discussions and interviews with youth and stakeholders, to examine economic, health, social, and safety experiences during COVID-19, and gender disparities therein. Results COVID-19 risk perception was high with a gender differential favoring young women (95.5% vs. 84.2%; p<0.001); youth described mixed concern and challenges to prevention. During COVID-19, gender symmetry was observed in constrained access to contraception among contraceptive users (40.4% men; 34.6% women) and depressive symptoms (21.8% men; 24.3% women). Gender disparities rendered young women disproportionately unable to meet basic economic needs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.21; p<0.05) and in need of healthcare during the pandemic (aOR = 1.59; p<0.001). At a bivariate level, women had lower full decisional control to leave the house (40.0% vs. 53.2%) and less consistent access to safe, private internet (26.1% vs. 40.2%), while men disproportionately experienced police interactions (60.1%, 55.2% of which included extortion). Gender-specific concerns for women included menstrual hygiene access challenges (52.0%), increased reliance on transactional partnerships, and gender-based violence, with 17.3% reporting past-year partner violence and 3.0% non-partner sexual violence. Qualitative results contextualize the mental health impact of economic disruption and isolation, and, among young women, privacy constraints. Implications Youth and young adults face gendered impacts of COVID-19, reflecting both underlying disparities and the pandemic’s economic and social shock. Economic, health and technology-based supports must ensure equitable access for young women. Gender-responsive recovery efforts are necessary and must address the unique needs of youth.

scholarly journals Factors associated with sexual orientation and gender disparities in chronic pain among U.S. adolescents and young adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabra L. Katz-Wise ◽  
Bethany Everett ◽  
Emily A. Scherer ◽  
Holly Gooding ◽  
Carly E. Milliren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Preventing Gender-Based Violence Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Lessons From 25 Years of Program Development and Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire V. Crooks ◽  
Peter Jaffe ◽  
Caely Dunlop ◽  
Amanda Kerry ◽  
Deinera Exner-Cortens
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Vulnerable Youth ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Exposure To Domestic Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Past Experiences

Effective prevention of intimate partner violence (IPV) among adolescents and young adults is a key strategy for reducing rates of gender-based violence (GBV). Numerous initiatives have been developed and evaluated over the past 25 years. There is emerging evidence about effective strategies for universal prevention of dating violence in high school settings and effective bystander interventions on university and college campuses. In addition, there have been some effective practices identified for specific groups of youth who are vulnerable to victimization (either based on past experiences of exposure to domestic violence or previous dating victimization). At the same time, though our evidence about school and college-based interventions has grown, there are significant gaps in our knowledge of effective prevention among marginalized groups. For example, there is a lack of evidence-based strategies for preventing IPV among Indigenous youth; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning+ [LGBTQ+] youth; and young women with disabilities, even though these groups are at elevated risk for experiencing violence. Our review of the current state of evidence for effective GBV prevention among adolescents and young adults suggests significant gaps. Our analysis of these gaps highlights the need to think more broadly about what constitutes evidence. We identify some strategies and a call to action for moving the field forward and provide examples from our work with vulnerable youth in a variety of settings.

Perceptions of Dating Violence and Associated Correlates: A Study of College Young Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (21) ◽  
pp. 3245-3271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Dardis ◽  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Erika L. Kelley ◽  
Christine A. Gidycz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevention Messages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Male To Female

The purpose of this study was to better understand young adults’ perceptions of what behaviors constitute intimate partner violence (IPV) and the correlates of these perceptions using a comprehensive measure of IPV perceptions and behaviors. Participants were undergraduates (aged 18-25), including 357 women and 346 men ( N = 703) from the midwestern region of the United States, who completed surveys for course credit. Results demonstrated that young women and men on average reported that acts of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV were abusive. However, young women generally rated these behaviors as more abusive than young men, male-to-female (M-to-F) IPV was viewed as more abusive than female-to-male (F-to-M) IPV, and physical IPV was considered the most abusive form of IPV, followed by sexual IPV, which was rated as more abusive than psychological IPV. Furthermore, among men, a history of IPV perpetration and victimization generally predicted decreased perceptions that acts were abusive; however, among women, histories of IPV perpetration and victimization were generally unrelated to abuse perceptions. These data underscore the importance of the inclusion of psychoeducation about the seriousness of all forms of IPV in IPV prevention programming and the importance of situation-specific and targeted IPV prevention messages. Moreover, future research is needed to replicate and better understand the explanatory mechanisms underlying the relationships among a history of IPV, abuse perceptions, and gender.

scholarly journals Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054896
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes.MethodsA scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies.ResultsWe found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women’s sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionsSexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.

scholarly journals Precision Across Race, Age and Gender of a HIV Risk Screen for Adolescents and Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-271
Author(s):  
Michiel A. van Zyl ◽  
Christina Studts ◽  
Kathryn Pahl
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Relationships and Resilience in Young adults from Fragmented and Discordant Households in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aayushi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Personality Attribute ◽  
And Gender

India witnesses high rates of intimate partner violence [37.7% incidence in the South East Asia zone per WHO data, 2012]. Taboos about marital separation and divorce exist across socioeconomic strata, meaning, a large number of Indian children grow up in discordant households witness chronic abuse of one or both parents. Another belief that binds many discordant partners is that separation or divorce leads to poor mental health and personality outcomes in progenies, long term. On the contrary, prior studies in Western samples have shown that there are significant negative outcomes for individuals vicariously exposed early childhood adversity including a discordant or violent household. The objective of this study was to assess whether resilience, a key personality attribute, differs among college-aged individuals who grew up in traditional two-parent households without conflict, a discordant household or a single parent household. 116 participants aged 18-24 (M=20.3 SD= 1.2, 86F) were recruited at Ashoka University. Resilience scores were calculated using The Resilience Scale. A two-way ANOVA examining the effect of family structure and gender on resilience score showed that family structure but not gender has a direct effect on resilience scores [ F (2, 116) = 3.122 p=0.048] but the effect is barely significant. Post hoc (Bonferroni) testing indicated that individuals from single-parent households (M=136, SD=19.01) or discordant households (M=134, SD= 17.81, p=0.50) tended to score higher on resilience than individuals from two-parent, non-conflicted families (M=121.05, SD= 20.53, p=0.066). Contrary to popular belief, results suggest that growing up in traditional two-parent households do not offer any significant advantage over single-parent households as far as resilience is concerned. These results provide initial evidence against existing social taboos and can be expanded upon for further cross-cultural validation. Further, a qualitative study explores the experiences of relationships of young adults from the three family types.

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