scholarly journals Applied aerial spectroscopy: A case study on remote sensing of an ancient and semi-natural woodland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260056
Author(s):  
Shara Ahmed ◽  
Catherine E. Nicholson ◽  
Paul Muto ◽  
Justin J. Perry ◽  
John R. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Woodland Regeneration

An area of ancient and semi-natural woodland (ASNW) has been investigated by applied aerial spectroscopy using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with multispectral image (MSI) camera. A novel normalised difference spectral index (NDSI) algorithm was developed using principal component analysis (PCA). This novel NDSI was then combined with a simple segmentation method of thresholding and applied for the identification of native tree species as well as the overall health of the woodland. Using this new approach allowed the identification of trees at canopy level, across 7.4 hectares (73,934 m2) of ASNW, as oak (53%), silver birch (37%), empty space (9%) and dead trees (1%). This UAV derived data was corroborated, for its accuracy, by a statistically valid ground-level field study that identified oak (47%), silver birch (46%) and dead trees (7.4%). This simple innovative approach, using a low-cost multirotor UAV with MSI camera, is both rapid to deploy, was flown around 100 m above ground level, provides useable high resolution (5.3 cm / pixel) data within 22 mins that can be interrogated using readily available PC-based software to identify tree species. In addition, it provides an overall oversight of woodland health and has the potential to inform a future woodland regeneration strategy.

scholarly journals The Use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Tree Phenotyping Studies

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Shara Ahmed ◽  
Catherine E. Nicholson ◽  
Paul Muto ◽  
Justin J. Perry ◽  
John R. Dean
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Native Trees ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

A strip of 20th-century landscape woodland planted alongside a 17th to mid-18th century ancient and semi-natural woodland (ASNW) was investigated by applied aerial spectroscopy using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a multispectral image camera (MSI). A simple classification approach of normalized difference spectral index (NDSI), derived using principal component analysis (PCA), enabled the identification of the non-native trees within the 20th-century boundary. The tree species within this boundary, classified by NDSI, were further segmented by the machine learning segmentation method of k-means clustering. This combined innovative approach has enabled the identification of multiple tree species in the 20th-century boundary. Phenotyping of trees at canopy level using the UAV with MSI, across 8052 m2, identified black pine (23%), Norway maple (19%), Scots pine (12%), and sycamore (19%) as well as native trees (oak and silver birch, 27%). This derived data was corroborated by field identification at ground-level, over an area of 6785 m2, that confirmed the presence of black pine (26%), Norway maple (30%), Scots pine (10%), and sycamore (14%) as well as other trees (oak and silver birch, 20%). The benefits of using a UAV, with an MSI camera, for monitoring tree boundaries next to a new housing development are demonstrated.

Unsupervised discrimination between lodged and non-lodged winter wheat: a case study using a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 2079-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Jun Wang ◽  
Hao Ge ◽  
Qigen Dai ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Qixing Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

scholarly journals Brief Communication: Low-cost, on-demand aerial photogrammetry for glaciological measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1879-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Whitehead ◽  
B. J. Moorman ◽  
C. H. Hugenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Site Access ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Arctic Glacier

Abstract. Remotely sensed glaciological measurements can be expensive, often involving a trade-off between resolution, scale, and frequency. We report on a case study in which two low-cost techniques were used to generate digital elevation models and orthomosaics of an Arctic glacier in consecutive ablation seasons. In the first aerial survey we used an unmanned aerial vehicle and acquired images autonomously. The following year we took advantage of the helicopter used for site access, and were able to acquire images manually, for little additional helicopter time. We present a preliminary assessment of accuracy and apply these data to measure glacier thinning and motion.

scholarly journals Surveys of Large Waterfowl and Their Habitats Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: A Case Study on the Siberian Crane

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Ding Wen ◽  
Lei Su ◽  
Yuanman Hu ◽  
Zaiping Xiong ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Siberian Crane ◽  
Flight Plan ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Waterfowl surveys, especially for endangered waterfowl living in wetlands, are essential to protect endangered waterfowl and to create a management scenario of their habitats. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are powerful new tools for waterfowl surveys. In this paper, we propose one method for a habitat survey and another for a waterfowl species distribution survey. The habitat survey method obtained the waterfowl’s habitat and spatial distribution with a UAV automatic flight plan in the aggregation area. The waterfowl species distribution survey was used to detect and identify waterfowl species with high-spatial-resolution images from a free UAV flight plan in the aggregation area or areas where individuals were suspected to be present. The UAV-based data showed not only the area where waterfowl were found, but also additional ground surveys. The results showed that the species and locations of the waterfowl were recorded more accurately and efficiently using the distribution method based on the images from the UAV. The waterfowl habitat type and the number of waterfowl were obtained in detail using the habitat survey method. UAV-derived counts of waterfowl were greater (+37%) than ground counts. The results indicated the feasibility and advantages of using a low-cost UAV survey of large waterfowl in wetland regions with complex vegetation. This study provides one case study of large waterfowl numbers and habitat surveys. The UAV-based methods also provide a feasible and scientific way to obtain basic data for the protection and management of waterfowl.

scholarly journals Low-cost, on-demand aerial photogrammetry for glaciological measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3043-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Whitehead ◽  
B. J. Moorman ◽  
C. H. Hugenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Arctic Glacier

Abstract. Remotely-sensed glaciological measurements can be expensive, and often involve a trade-off between resolution, scale, and frequency. In an attempt to overcome these issues we report on a case study in which two low-cost techniques were used to generate orthomosaic images and digital elevation models (DEMs) of an arctic glacier in two consecutive ablation seasons. In the first aerial survey we used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and acquired images autonomously, while in the second we used a piloted helicopter and acquired images manually. We present a preliminary assessment of accuracy and apply these data to measure glacier thinning and motion.

Shell morphometric ratios as a tool for taxonomic determination in gastropods: a case study in Nerita (Gastropoda, Neritidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Leslie Nascimento Altomari ◽  
Brunno Henryco Borges Alves ◽  
Weverton John Pinheiro dos Santos ◽  
Mara Rúbia Ferreira Barros ◽  
Marko Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Aperture Width ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
External Characteristics ◽  
Shape Morphometrics

Abstract In the study, we compare the shell shape morphometrics in four species of neritid gastropods (Nerita fulgurans, Nerita tessellata, Nerita peloronta and Nerita versicolor), collected in Accra Beach (Barbados Island). We tested the hypothesis that the morphometric ratios can be used as a tool in the taxonomic determination among these four species of neritids. For this we determine the morphometric ratios from the external (length, height, width) and internal (shell aperture length, shell aperture width) measures. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine which ratios were significant, and subsequently the proposed hypothesis was tested using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The morphometric ratios AW/H and AL/L were decisive in distinguishing the four species of neritids studied. In this study, the hypothesis of the efficacy of the use of shell morphometric ratios as an instrument in taxonomic studies was corroborated for the four species. Due to its low cost, this methodology can be applied in the recognition of species that have lost their external characteristics such as operculum, spire or colour and also in the identification of fossil specimens.

scholarly journals UAV application for site suitability mangrove replantation program, case study in Pasuruan and Probolinggo, East Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Arief Darmawan ◽  
Dhira K. Saputra ◽  
M Arif Asadi ◽  
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Previous Approach ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Imagery

In the northern coast of East Java, mangrove naturally growth along the coastline of most regencies, and becomes the important factor in the sustainability of fisheries, protection and other environmental services for communities in coastal areas. The last few decades, satellite remote sensing becomes the most widely used tool for mangrove monitoring purpose. Various types of sensory satellite images are used for mapping areas, types and densities, estimating the mangrove biomass. Meanwhile, UAV (Unmaned Aerial Vehicle) is rapidly developed and quite affordable. Various footages and photogrammetry works carried out with the lightweight UAV. Therefore, utilizing UAVs for capturing mangrove areas can be an effective solution to identify area where rehabilitation should be conducted. The research aimed to use the consumer grade DJI Phantom 4 Pro for mapping 92,6 Ha mangrove area in Rejoso (Pasuruan) and 69,37 Ha of Sumberasih (Probolinggo). Result of this study shows the capability of UAV to provide detail mangrove image (canopy density, characteristics and environmental profile), which can be used to support the management activities, particularly mangrove replantation program. Also, it could be a low cost solution and time effective of mangrove monitoring, compared with previous approach of high-resolution satellite imagery.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE USABILITY OF UAV OBTAINED MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY IN TREE SPECIES SEGMENTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W18 ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
M. Pap ◽  
S. Kiraly ◽  
S. Moljak
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Multispectral Imagery ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

Abstract. A widely used form of renewable energy are bioenergy crops. One form of it is the energy forestry that includes short rotation coppice plantations in which fast growing species of tree or woody shrub are grown (e.g. poplar, willow). The accurate prediction of forest biomass and volume can be used for the evaluation of plant breeding efficiency as well. The automatic tracking of plant development by traditional methods is quite difficult and labor intensive. Since energy forestries often contain different trees for estimating their volume it is essential to find segments containing the same tree species in the image.We investigated the applicability of a low cost UAV and an intermediate cost UAV in the field of agricultural image segmentation that is the first stage of biomass estimation (Gatziolis et al., 2015, Gaulton et al., 2015).This paper is a case study that shows the results of several segmentation algorithms applied on imagery obtained by a low cost UAV with low-cost camera, and imagery gathered by a UAV and camera set that are of higher quality and price. In the case study, we have observed two small forestry areas that contained six different tree species and their hybrids. Our results show that more expensive, better-equipped drone shots do not necessary provide significantly better segmentation.

Low Temperature Fault Isolation Using Soft Defect Localization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher D. Staller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Defect Localization ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Cold temperature failures are often difficult to resolve, especially those at extreme low levels (< -40°C). Momentary application of chill spray can confirm the failure mode, but is impractical during photoemission microscopy (PEM), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and multiple point microprobing. This paper will examine relatively low-cost cold temperature systems that can hold samples at steady state extreme low temperatures and describe a case study where a cold temperature stage was combined with LSM soft defect localization (SDL) to rapidly identify the cause of a complex cold temperature failure mechanism.

Shift in the Community Attitude- Case Study on Swatchta Abhiyan Ground Level Impact

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Sharma ◽  
Ashish Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Community Attitude
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